scholarly journals The Contribution of Calcium to Changes in Leaf Anatomical Character of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) under Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Novi Yulanda Sari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Sponge Cell ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Palisade Cell ◽  
Anatomical Character

The research was purposed  (1) to know the effects of drought stress on changes in leaf anatomical character of oil palm seedlings (2) to know the contribution of calcium in cell compactness and increase the structural strength of leaf tissue so that oil palm seedlings were more tolerant to drought stress. This experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three blocks as replication. Main plot consists of drought stress levels, that are field capacity (FTSW 1.00), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe drought stress (FTSW 0.15). The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is a method for evaluating gradually increasing drought stress based on the amount of water loss due to transpiration. Meanwhile, subplot consists of four doses of calcium (Ca), that are of 0.0 g/seedlings, 0.04 g/seedlings, 0.08 g/seedlings, and 0.12 g/seedlings. Calcium fertilizer used is calcium sulfate (CaSO4) pure analysis. Leaf anatomical character was observed including the epidermal length and epidermal width; hypodermal length and hypodermal width; palisade cell length and palisade cell width; sponge cell length and sponge cell width; mesophyll tissue thickness; xylem and phloem diameter. The results showed that moderate and severe drought stress reduced epidermal cell length, upper hypodermal cell width, mesophyll thickness, palisade width and phloem diameter of leaf vessels. The applications of calcium to the leaf of oil palm seedlings under drought stresses were able to increased in the sponge cell length at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; increased lower hypodermal width and diameter phloem at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; and increased diameter xylem of leaves vessel at a Ca dosage of 0.12 g/seedlings.

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium Addition on Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Roots Anatomic Properties under Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Wiski Irawan ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Moderate Drought

The availability of water is one of the main limiting factors for oil palm growth and production. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plants because of its role in controlling metabolic and physiological activities. This study aimed to examine the effect of different K fertilizer doses on root anatomic properties under drought stress. The experiment was arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was drought stress, consisting of three levels of fractions of transpirable soil water (FTSW) (FTSW 1 (control: field capacity); FTSW 0.35 (moderate drought); FTSW 0.15 (severe drought)) and the second factor was K dose (sourced from KCl), consisting of five levels (K0: 0%; K1: 50%; K2: 100%; K3: 150%; K4: 200%). The results showed that there was an interaction between the addition of K doses and the tolerance level of oil palm plants to drought stress. The addition of 100% K gave higher results in the parameters of xylem diameter, phloem diameter and cortex cell width compared to the plants without K. The results disclosed that 200% K application on moderate drought stress and severe drought stress in oil palm seedlings could widen xylem diameter, phloem diameters, strengthen cell such as epidermal cells, cortex cells, thickness of endodermic cells, thickness of sclerenchyma cells and increase hardness of cell compared to field capacity. As for the parameters of thick endodermic cells, stele diameter and sclerenchyma diameter, an addition of 50% K could give higher results.

scholarly journals The role of calcium in drought stress response induced through antioxidant activity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah NURWAHYUNI ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Oil palm productivity in Indonesia faces challenges related to drought that occur during the dry season. Calcium is an element that plays a role in determining the response of plant resistance to drought through biochemical activity. This study aims to determine the contribution of calcium in biochemical mechanisms involving various antioxidants. The treatment was arranged in factorial of 3 x 4 in a split-plot design. The first factor was calcium dosage, which consisted of 0 g (control/without calcium), 0.04 g, 0.08 g, and 0.12 g of calcium per plant. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress, referred as the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) at 1 (control/field capacity), 0.35 (moderate drought), and 0.15 (severe drought) with a week duration of intensity. Calcium was applied in a ring placement on four-month-old seedlings planted in 40 x 40 cm polybags with alfisol soil planting medium and given drought treatment two months later for three weeks. The results showed that calcium could induce plant response to drought through the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide   (H₂O₂) concentration, and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The study concluded that calcium is an essential element used to reduce the effects of drought on oil palm seedlings through the change of biochemical activities regulated by enzymatic antioxidants.

scholarly journals Generation of guard cell RNA-seq transcriptomes during progressive drought and recovery using an adapted INTACT protocol for Arabidopsis thaliana shoot tissue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna van Weringh ◽  
Asher Pasha ◽  
Eddi Esteban ◽  
Paul J. Gamueda ◽  
Nicholas J. Provart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rna Seq

Drought is an important environmental stress that limits crop production. Guard cells (GC) act to control the rate of water loss. To better understand how GCs change their gene expression during a progressive drought we generated guard cell-specific RNA-seq transcriptomes during mild, moderate, and severe drought stress. We additionally sampled re-watered plants that had experienced severe drought stress. These transcriptomes were generated using the INTACT system to capture the RNA from GC nuclei. We optimized the INTACT protocol for Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue, incorporating fixation to preserve RNA during nuclear isolation. To be able to identify gene expression changes unique to GCs, we additionally generated transcriptomes from all cell types, using a 35S viral promoter to capture the nuclei of all cell types in leaves. These data sets highlight shared and unique gene expression changes between GCs and the bulk leaf tissue. The timing of gene expression changes is different between GCs and other cell types: we found that only GCs had detectable gene expression changes at the earliest drought time point. The drought responsive GC and leaf RNA-seq transcriptomes are available in the Arabidopsis ePlant at the Bio-Analytic Resource for Plant Biology website.

scholarly journals Physiological responses and P5CS gene expression of transgenic oil palm plantlet induced by drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. TURHADI ◽  
Hayati MINARSIH ◽  
Imron RIYADI ◽  
. PRIYONO ◽  
Asmini BUDIANI
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
P5cs Gene ◽  
Transgenic Plantlets

Drought is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation, such as in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The transgenic approaches are expected to increase plant tolerance to drought stress and minimize low productivity when drought occurs. Proline is an osmoprotectant compound in plants which its biosynthesis involved the P5CS gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance level of P5CS-transgenic oil palm to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). In this present study, the transgenic and non-transgenic oil palms were treated by  0, 2, and 4% PEG-6000 under in vitro conditions. The experiment was arranged as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The drought level score, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and proline content, as well as P5CS gene expression in leaf tissues were observed at 7 and 14 days after stress treatments. The result showed that transgenic plantlets had a lower drought level score than those of non-transgenic lines. A concentration of 4% PEG-6000 treatment reduced the total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than that of 2% concentration in non-transgenic plantlets at 7 and 14 day after treatments (DAT). In addition, proline content and P5CS gene expression level in transgenic had been significantly increased during stress treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the P5CS transgene increased the drought stress tolerance of oil palm.

scholarly journals Mycorrhiza Fungus Rhizophagus intraradices Mediates Drought Tolerance in Eleusine coracana Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaagriti Tyagi ◽  
Neeraj Shrivastava ◽  
A. K. Sharma ◽  
Ajit Varma ◽  
Ramesh Namdeo Pudake
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Rhizophagus Intraradices

Under abiotic stress conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi help plants by improving nutrient and water uptake. Finger millet is an arid crop having soils with poor water holding capacity. Therefore, it is difficult for the plants to obtain water and mineral nutrients from the soil to sustain life. To understand the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in water and mineral up-take from the soil, we studied the role of Rhizophagus intraradices colonization and its beneficial role for drought stress tolerance in finger millet seedling. Under severe drought stress condition, AM inoculation led to the significant increase in plant growth (7%), phosphorus, and chlorophyll content (29%). Also, the level of osmolytes including proline and soluble sugars were found in higher quantities in AM inoculated seedlings under drought stress. Under water stress, the lipid peroxidation in leaves of mycorrhized seedlings was reduced by 29%. The flavonoid content of roots in AM colonized seedlings was found 16% higher compared to the control, whereas the leaves were accumulated more phenol. Compared to the control, ascorbate level was found to be 25% higher in leaf tissue of AM inoculated seedlings. Moreover, glutathione (GSH) level was increased in mycorrhiza inoculated seedlings with a maximum increment of 182% under severe stress. The results demonstrated that AM provided drought tolerance to the finger millet seedlings through a stronger root system, greater photosynthetic efficiency, a more efficient antioxidant system and improved osmoregulation.

scholarly journals TIME AND DIRECTION EFFECT OF BORON (B) AND SILICON (Si) APPLICATION ON OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis) THROUGH LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ageng Kaloko
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Direction Effect ◽  
Difference Test

This study was aimed to obtain the time and the effective way of giving B and Si for reducing the effects of drought. It had been implemented in Bendosari village, Madurejo village, Prambanan sub-district, Sleman regency. The study used 3x3 +1 factorial complete randomized block design (RAKL) with with 3 blocks as replicates. The first factor was the time of fertilization, the second factor was way of fertilization and added one control (control) without fertilization treatment. The data obtained were analyzed using the Varian Analysis (ANOVA) at the 5% level and continued by the smallest real difference test (LSD) and orthogonal contrast if the variance analysis showed a significant difference between treatments. The results showed that there was no interaction effect between time and direction of B and Si fertilization through leaves on all observed variables of oil palm seedlings exposed to drought stress.

scholarly journals Metabolic effect of drought stress on the leaves of young oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plants using UHPLC–MS and multivariate analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Candido Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Letícia Rios Vieira ◽  
José Antônio de Aquino Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Antônio Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effect ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe expansion of the oil palm in marginal areas can face challenges, such as water deficit, leading to an impact on palm oil production. A better understanding of the biological consequences of abiotic stresses on this crop can result from joint metabolic profiling and multivariate analysis. Metabolic profiling of leaves was performed from control and stressed plants (7 and 14 days of stress). Samples were extracted and analyzed on a UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-HRMS system. Acquired data were processed using XCMS Online and MetaboAnalyst for multivariate and pathway activity analysis. Metabolism was affected by drought stress through clear segregation between control and stressed groups. More importantly, metabolism changed through time, gradually from 7 to 14 days. The pathways most affected by drought stress were: starch and sucrose metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. The analysis of the metabolic profile were efficient to correlate and differentiate groups of oil palm plants submitted to different levels of drought stress. Putative compounds and their affected pathways can be used in future multiomics analysis.

scholarly journals Respons biokimia beberapa progeni kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap cekaman kekeringan pada kondisi lapang Biochemical responses of several oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) progenies to drought stress in field condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS ◽  
. TONY-LIWANG ◽  
M IBRAHIM-DANUWIKARSA ◽  
G. SURYATMANA ◽  
H DJAJASUKANTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Drought Condition ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

Summary        Oil palm have swallow roots, it caused the plant untolerant to drought  stress  and will decrease 10-40% bunch fresh weight in drought condition. Response of oil palm to drought stress in field conditions still unknown. The objective of these research  is to obtain  biochemical character  which has significant correlation with drought  tolerance, and to obtain tolerant progeny with high yield (fresh bunch weight) in drought condition.  The experiment were conducted in Riau (Kandista estate) and South Kalimantan  (Batu Mulia estate), with different of soil type and rainfalls. Observation were done in four times in different  month with different rainfalls. On each time of observation were analyzed  proline, glycine betaine, ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (δ-OAT) enzyme content, as biochemical variables and bunch weigth as yield variable response.  Eleven oil palm progenies 10-year-old grown in field divided with three block (as replication), each plot consisted of 16 plants. Data  were analyzed with Combined Experiment Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis,  and Path Analysis. The results showed that eleven progenies gave different responses to drought stress in each variable, location and  time of observation. Most of progenies reponsive to two or three biochemical characters. Progeny 52 has no correlation with most of biochemical characters. Progeny 33 responsive with proline, while  progeny 85, 91 and  93 have high responsive to protein.  Proline, δ-OAT enzyme, and protein have high correlation with bunch weight.  Proline, and δ-OAT enzyme, categorized as biochemical characters of oil palm tolerance to drought stress. Progeny 33 more tolerance to drought stress compare with others progenies, and have highest productivity in Batu  Mulia estate. Ringkasan         Tanaman kelapa sawit memiliki perakaran yang dangkal sehingga mudah mengalami cekaman   kekeringan   yang dapat    menurunkan hasil TBS 10 - 40%. Respons tanaman kelapa  sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan dalam kondisi lapang masih sangat sedikit sekali diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan penciri biokimia yang berperan dalam sifat toleran tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan hubungan penciri biokimia dengan hasil tandan buah segar (TBS), serta menetapkan progeni yang toleran dan  ber-produksi tinggi pada lokasi yang tercekam. Percobaan dilakukan di dua lokasi perkebunan yang terletak di Riau (perkebunan Kandista) dan Kalimantan Selatan (perkebunan Batu Mulia) yang berbeda tipe tanah dan  curah hujannya. Pengamatan dilakukan pada empat waktu, pada bulan yang berbeda curah hujannya. Pada keempat waktu tersebut dianalisis kadar prolin, glisin-betain, enzim ornitin-δ-aminotransferase (δ-OAT), dan protein sebagai variabel respons biokimia serta hasil TBS sebagai variabel respons produktivitas tanaman kelapa sawit.  Tiap lokasi percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak.  Tanaman kelapa sawit berumur 10 tahun sebanyak 11 progeni yang telah ada di lapangan, ditetapkan sebanyak tiga blok (sebagai ulangan).  Tiap plot percobaan berisi 16 tanaman.  Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis statistika percobaan tergabung, analisis kom-ponen utama, regresi berganda dan analisis jalin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan respons 11 progeni kelapa sawit ter-hadap cekaman kekeringan pada masing-masing variabel respons dalam lokasi dan waktu pengamatan yang berbeda. Seluruh progeni responsif terhadap dua atau tiga penciri biokimia selama waktu penelitian berlangsung, kecuali progeni 52 tidak memiliki korelasi dengan seluruh penciri biokimia. Progeni 33 responsif terhadap prolin, sedang  progeni 85, progeni 91 dan progeni 93 cukup responsif terhadap protein. Prolin, enzim δ-OAT, dan protein berhubungan erat dengan hasil TBS. Prolin, enzim δ-OAT, dan protein dapat dikatagorikan sebagai penciri biokimia terhadap cekaman kekeringan  pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Progeni 33 lebih toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan dibandingkan  dengan progeni lainnya dan produktivitasnya  tertinggi  di   perkebunan  Batu  Mulia.

Early assessment of drought tolerance in oil palm D × P progenies using growth and physiological characters in seedling stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowapa Duangpan ◽  
Pimchanok Buapet ◽  
Satanan Sujitto ◽  
Theera Eksomtramage
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Moderate Drought

AbstractDrought is a major constraint to oil palm plantation in many regions relying on rainfall. One strategy to overcome this problem is to develop drought-tolerant cultivars through screening and selection. Drought tolerance assessment based on growth and physiological traits provides an alternative approach for rapid screening especially in tree crops. The aims of this study were to determine the contribution of some growth and physiological parameters to drought response variation in oil palm seedling and to use those parameters to evaluate relative drought stress tolerance in tenera oil palm progenies. Eight D × P progenies were grown under well-watered, moderate and severe stressed conditions for a total of 6 months. Data on growth traits, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), SPAD value and proline content were recorded. Principal component analysis (PCA) on studied traits revealed that PC1 and PC2 explained 74.57 and 76.80% of total variance in moderate and severe drought treatments, respectively. Major contributions towards the variation of control and drought-treated plants were identified and appeared to be growth traits in moderate drought stress and growth trait plus proline content in severe drought stress. According to drought tolerance index, PCA analysis and ranking method using integrated PCA values, PSU-106 and PSU-206 were identified to be relatively high tolerant to severe drought stress, while PSU-106, PSU-128, PSU-206 and PSU-208 were tolerant to moderate drought stress. Field validation of D × P progenies selected as drought tolerance is recommended to establish this indirect selection approach in oil palm breeding programme.

scholarly journals The Effect of Calcium on Photosynthetic Rate due to ABA and Proline Behaviour of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Seedlings under Drought Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Endah Nurwahyuni ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Severe Drought

<p>Planting drought-resistance plants in terms of agronomy, such as induction of plant tolerance using calcium is assumed to be able to solve the climate anomaly problem. Calcium is known as an element that plays an essential role in determining the response of plant resistance to drought through biochemical activity. This study aimed to determine the role of calcium in changing photosynthesis activity in order to increase the resistance to drought stress. The treatment was arranged in factorial of 3 x 4 in a split plot Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. The first factor was the dose of calcium application consisted of 0 (control/without calcium), 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12 g. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress, which referred to the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water method consisted of 1 (control/field capacity), 0.35 (moderate drought) and 0.15 (severe drought). The measurement data of stomatal aperture, Abscisic Acid (ABA) content, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, proline content, nitrate reductase activity and photosynthesis rate that fulfill the assumption of homogeneity and normality were analyzed using variance at 95% accuracy and continued using DMRT. Moreover, regression analysis were determined of relationship between the treatment and parameters. The results revealed that drought resulted in a decline in leaf water potential and stomatal aperture. The effects of calcium on chlorophyll and carotenoid under drought stress could not be explained in this study. However, the application of calcium has a significant effect on decreased ABA, increased proline and nitrate reductase activity resulting in an increase in the photosynthetic rate of oil palm seeds in drought stress.</p>

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