scholarly journals The role of calcium in drought stress response induced through antioxidant activity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah NURWAHYUNI ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila PUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Oil palm productivity in Indonesia faces challenges related to drought that occur during the dry season. Calcium is an element that plays a role in determining the response of plant resistance to drought through biochemical activity. This study aims to determine the contribution of calcium in biochemical mechanisms involving various antioxidants. The treatment was arranged in factorial of 3 x 4 in a split-plot design. The first factor was calcium dosage, which consisted of 0 g (control/without calcium), 0.04 g, 0.08 g, and 0.12 g of calcium per plant. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress, referred as the Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) at 1 (control/field capacity), 0.35 (moderate drought), and 0.15 (severe drought) with a week duration of intensity. Calcium was applied in a ring placement on four-month-old seedlings planted in 40 x 40 cm polybags with alfisol soil planting medium and given drought treatment two months later for three weeks. The results showed that calcium could induce plant response to drought through the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide   (H₂O₂) concentration, and the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The study concluded that calcium is an essential element used to reduce the effects of drought on oil palm seedlings through the change of biochemical activities regulated by enzymatic antioxidants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Potassium Addition on Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Roots Anatomic Properties under Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Wiski Irawan ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Moderate Drought

The availability of water is one of the main limiting factors for oil palm growth and production. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plants because of its role in controlling metabolic and physiological activities. This study aimed to examine the effect of different K fertilizer doses on root anatomic properties under drought stress. The experiment was arranged in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was drought stress, consisting of three levels of fractions of transpirable soil water (FTSW) (FTSW 1 (control: field capacity); FTSW 0.35 (moderate drought); FTSW 0.15 (severe drought)) and the second factor was K dose (sourced from KCl), consisting of five levels (K0: 0%; K1: 50%; K2: 100%; K3: 150%; K4: 200%). The results showed that there was an interaction between the addition of K doses and the tolerance level of oil palm plants to drought stress. The addition of 100% K gave higher results in the parameters of xylem diameter, phloem diameter and cortex cell width compared to the plants without K. The results disclosed that 200% K application on moderate drought stress and severe drought stress in oil palm seedlings could widen xylem diameter, phloem diameters, strengthen cell such as epidermal cells, cortex cells, thickness of endodermic cells, thickness of sclerenchyma cells and increase hardness of cell compared to field capacity. As for the parameters of thick endodermic cells, stele diameter and sclerenchyma diameter, an addition of 50% K could give higher results.

scholarly journals TIME AND DIRECTION EFFECT OF BORON (B) AND SILICON (Si) APPLICATION ON OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis) THROUGH LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ageng Kaloko
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Direction Effect ◽  
Difference Test

This study was aimed to obtain the time and the effective way of giving B and Si for reducing the effects of drought. It had been implemented in Bendosari village, Madurejo village, Prambanan sub-district, Sleman regency. The study used 3x3 +1 factorial complete randomized block design (RAKL) with with 3 blocks as replicates. The first factor was the time of fertilization, the second factor was way of fertilization and added one control (control) without fertilization treatment. The data obtained were analyzed using the Varian Analysis (ANOVA) at the 5% level and continued by the smallest real difference test (LSD) and orthogonal contrast if the variance analysis showed a significant difference between treatments. The results showed that there was no interaction effect between time and direction of B and Si fertilization through leaves on all observed variables of oil palm seedlings exposed to drought stress.

scholarly journals Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings

2021 ◽  
pp. 873-878
Author(s):  
Zhengong Yin ◽  
Xianxin Meng ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Yifan Guo ◽  
Shuhong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Drought is one of the most severe environmental constraints which reduces common bean production worldwide. Exploration of the physiological mechanism of common bean under drought stress is important for the efficient production and variety selection of common beans. In the present study, non-droughtresistant variety (Longyundou10) and drought-resistant variety (Longyundou17) were identified to elucidate the effects of drought stress on antioxidant system of common beans at seedling stage. Under drought stress, APX and SOD activities showed a single peak curve that first increased and then decreased, and the dynamic changes of CAT and POD activities were more complicated. Under different levels of drought treatment, the average values of APX, SOD, CAT and POD activities of common bean were found to be higher than those of normal water conditions, and the average values were the highest under severe drought stress, indicating that these antioxidant enzymes were stimulated under drought stress. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 873-878, 2021 (September) Special

scholarly journals The Contribution of Calcium to Changes in Leaf Anatomical Character of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) under Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Novi Yulanda Sari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cell Length ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Sponge Cell ◽  
Cell Width ◽  
Palisade Cell ◽  
Anatomical Character

The research was purposed  (1) to know the effects of drought stress on changes in leaf anatomical character of oil palm seedlings (2) to know the contribution of calcium in cell compactness and increase the structural strength of leaf tissue so that oil palm seedlings were more tolerant to drought stress. This experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three blocks as replication. Main plot consists of drought stress levels, that are field capacity (FTSW 1.00), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe drought stress (FTSW 0.15). The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is a method for evaluating gradually increasing drought stress based on the amount of water loss due to transpiration. Meanwhile, subplot consists of four doses of calcium (Ca), that are of 0.0 g/seedlings, 0.04 g/seedlings, 0.08 g/seedlings, and 0.12 g/seedlings. Calcium fertilizer used is calcium sulfate (CaSO4) pure analysis. Leaf anatomical character was observed including the epidermal length and epidermal width; hypodermal length and hypodermal width; palisade cell length and palisade cell width; sponge cell length and sponge cell width; mesophyll tissue thickness; xylem and phloem diameter. The results showed that moderate and severe drought stress reduced epidermal cell length, upper hypodermal cell width, mesophyll thickness, palisade width and phloem diameter of leaf vessels. The applications of calcium to the leaf of oil palm seedlings under drought stresses were able to increased in the sponge cell length at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; increased lower hypodermal width and diameter phloem at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; and increased diameter xylem of leaves vessel at a Ca dosage of 0.12 g/seedlings.

The Effect of Different Drought Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation on Zoysia japonica

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5489-5492
Author(s):  
Zhong Lin Chen ◽  
Su Nan Xu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Shi Xie ◽  
Li Xia Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Mild Drought

The objective of this study was to understand the effects of mild, moderate and severe drought stress on zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated. Mild drought(60%-70% of field capacity), moderate drought(45%-55% of field capacity), and severe drought (25%-35% of field capacity) were remained for 16 days. A gradual increase was observed in SOD activity of Zoysiagrass from 1 to13 days of drought stress in all treatments. POD and CAT activity, and lipid peroxidation increased in all treatments, and maximum change was happened in severe drought group. Severe drought has more serious damage to Zoysia japonica than mild drought and moderate drough. This suggests that Zoysiagrass has excellent drought tolerance and its ability to survive in the drought environment is very strong.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water deficiency impacts on antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in some tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Lines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Noori ◽  
Alireza Motallebi Azar ◽  
Mehdi Saidi ◽  
Jaber Panahandeh ◽  
Davoud Zare Haghi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Effects Of Drought

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress on some quality traits of tomato, seven tomato lines were assessed in an experimental field at Ilam University in 2016. The layout was split plots according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 levels of drought stress including 100, 60% and 40% of field capacity with 3 replications. The genotypes were including King stone, Peto early, Bitstoik, LA1607, LA2656, LA2080 and LA1579. The effect of mild and severe drought stress on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that drought stress significantly affected all assessed traits under drought condition. CAT, chlorophyll content and RWC were reduced, but, APX, POX, Proline and MAD content as well as electrolyte leakage increased and the highest content was observed under severe drought stress (40%FC). The genotypes LA1607, LA2656, LA2080 and LA1579 identified as the most tolerant and King Stone, Peto early and Bitstoik were the most susceptible genotypes. Under severe drought stress, the highest RWC in LA2080, POX in LA1579, APX in LA1607, Chlorophyll a in LA2080, Chlorophyll b in Peto early, Chlorophyll T in Bitstoik and LA2080, EL in LA2080, MDA in Bitstoik and prolin in Petoearly were observed.

scholarly journals Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses of Zinnia to Drought Stress

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Daniela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Stomata Size

Bedding plants in the nursery phase are often subject to drought stress because of the small volume of the containers and the hydraulic conductivity of organic substrates used. To analyse the morphological, physiological, and enzymatic responses of zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.) plants at different irrigation levels, four treatments were performed: irrigated at 100% (100% field capacity, FC); light deficit irrigation (75% FC), medium deficit irrigation (50% FC), and severe deficit irrigation (25% FC). The growth of zinnia was significantly influenced by drought stress treatments. Different morphological parameters (dry biomass, leaf number, root to shoot ratio (R/S)) were modified only in the more severe drought stress treatment (25% FC). The stomata density increased in 50% FC and 25% FC, while the stomata size was reduced in 25% FC. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were reduced in 50% FC and 25% FC. The relative water content (RWC) was reduced in 25% FC. Severe drought stress (25% FC) increased proline content up to seven-fold. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased in 50% FC and 25% FC. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the morphological and physiological parameters were mostly associated with the 100% FC and 75% FC treatments of the biplot, whereas the stomata density, R/S ratio, and antioxidant enzymes (GPX, CAT) were associated with 50% FC, and proline and DPPH were associated with 25% FC, respectively.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Root Apex and Root Elongation Zones Provides Insights into Molecular Mechanisms for Drought Stress and Recovery Adjustment in Switchgrass

Proteomes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhujia Ye ◽  
Sasikiran Reddy Sangireddy ◽  
Chih-Li Yu ◽  
Dafeng Hui ◽  
Kevin Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Drought Treatment

Switchgrass plants were grown in a Sandwich tube system to induce gradual drought stress by withholding watering. After 29 days, the leaf photosynthetic rate decreased significantly, compared to the control plants which were watered regularly. The drought-treated plants recovered to the same leaf water content after three days of re-watering. The root tip (1cm basal fragment, designated as RT1 hereafter) and the elongation/maturation zone (the next upper 1 cm tissue, designated as RT2 hereafter) tissues were collected at the 29th day of drought stress treatment, (named SDT for severe drought treated), after one (D1W) and three days (D3W) of re-watering. The tandem mass tags mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics analysis was performed to identify the proteomes, and drought-induced differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). From RT1 tissues, 6156, 7687, and 7699 proteins were quantified, and 296, 535, and 384 DAPs were identified in the SDT, D1W, and D3W samples, respectively. From RT2 tissues, 7382, 7255, and 6883 proteins were quantified, and 393, 587, and 321 proteins DAPs were identified in the SDT, D1W, and D3W samples. Between RT1 and RT2 tissues, very few DAPs overlapped at SDT, but the number of such proteins increased during the recovery phase. A large number of hydrophilic proteins and stress-responsive proteins were induced during SDT and remained at a higher level during the recovery stages. A large number of DAPs in RT1 tissues maintained the same expression pattern throughout drought treatment and the recovery phases. The DAPs in RT1 tissues were classified in cell proliferation, mitotic cell division, and chromatin modification, and those in RT2 were placed in cell wall remodeling and cell expansion processes. This study provided information pertaining to root zone-specific proteome changes during drought and recover phases, which will allow us to select proteins (genes) as better defined targets for developing drought tolerant plants. The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017441.

scholarly journals Enhancement of drought tolerance in diverse Vicia faba cultivars by inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under newly reclaimed soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Hany A. M. Mahgoub ◽  
Samir A. Mahgoub ◽  
El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽  
Mohamed I. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Effects Of Drought

AbstractWater deficit has devastating impacts on legume production, particularly with the current abrupt climate changes in arid environments. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective approach for producing natural nitrogen and attenuating the detrimental effects of drought stress. This study investigated the influence of inoculation with the PGPR Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (USDA 2435) and Pseudomonas putida (RA MTCC5279) solely or in combination on the physio-biochemical and agronomic traits of five diverse Vicia faba cultivars under well-watered (100% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]), moderate drought (75% ETc), and severe drought (50% ETc) conditions in newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil. Drought stress substantially reduced the expression of photosynthetic pigments and water relation parameters. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased in plants under drought stress compared with those in well-watered plants. These adverse effects of drought stress reduced crop water productivity (CWP) and seed yield‐related traits. However, the application of PGPR, particularly a consortium of both strains, improved these parameters and increased seed yield and CWP. The evaluated cultivars displayed varied tolerance to drought stress: Giza-843 and Giza-716 had the highest tolerance under well-watered and moderate drought conditions, whereas Giza-843 and Sakha-4 were more tolerant under severe drought conditions. Thus, co-inoculation of drought-tolerant cultivars with R. leguminosarum and P. putida enhanced their tolerance and increased their yield and CWP under water-deficit stress conditions. This study showed for the first time that the combined use of R. leguminosarum and P. putida is a promising and ecofriendly strategy for increasing drought tolerance in legume crops.

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