Biology of Red Palm Mite, Raoiella indica, on Different Coconut Varieties

Red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), has emerged as a new threat to coconut plantation in Indonesia. To control this mite, understanding on its biology is essential. The effects of three coconut varieties (Salak Dwarf, Local Sumenep Tall, and Hybrid coconuts) on the development and fecundity of R. indica were determined under laboratory conditions at 26−28oC, 80% RH, and photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D). The life cycle of R. indica consisted of the egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult stages. Total development time of immature females was significantly influenced by coconut varieties. The shortest immature developmental time occurred at Salak Dwarf variety (26.07 days), whereas no significant difference of development time of immature female on Hybrid and Local Sumenep Tall varieties was found. Moreover, there was also no significant difference on the development time of immature male and on the fecundity of the mite among different coconut varieties. IntisariTungau merah kelapa, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), merupakan ancaman baru bagi perkebunan kelapa di Indonesia. Pemahaman mengenai biologi diperlukan untuk strategi pengendalian tungau tersebut di masa datang. Pengaruh tiga varietas kelapa yang berbeda (Genjah Salak, Lokal Sumenep, dan Hibrida) terhadap perkembangan dan keperidian R. indica diamati pada kondisi laboratorium dengan suhu 26−28oC, kelembapan nisbi 75−85%, serta pencahayaan 12 jam terang dan 12 jam gelap (L:D=12:12). Siklus hidup tungau terdiri dari telur, larva, protonimfa, deutonimfa, dan dewasa. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa waktu perkembangan betina pradewasa dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh varietas kelapa. Waktu perkembangan paling pendek terdapat pada kelapa Genjah Salak (26,07 hari), sedangkan waktu perkembangan betina pradewasa tidak berbeda nyata pada kelapa Hibrida dan Dalam Lokal Sumenep. Hasil lain pengujian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata waktu perkembangan jantan pradewasa dan keperidian pada ketiga varietas.

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Insecticidal Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Spodoptera frugiperda under Laboratory Conditions

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12111017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1017

Author(s):

Sarayut Pittarate ◽

Julius Rajula ◽

Afroja Rahman ◽

Perumal Vivekanandhan ◽

Malee Thungrabeab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Pest Management ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Significant Difference

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest of corn, rice, and sorghum among other crops usually controlled using synthetic or biological insecticides. Currently, the new invention of nanotechnology is taking root in the agricultural industry as an alternative source of pest management that is target-specific, safe, and efficient. This study sought to determine the efficacy of commercial Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) towards S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. ZnO NPs were diluted into different concentrations (100–500 ppm), where the baby corn used to feed the S. frugiperda larvae was dipped. The development of the insect feeding on food dipped in ZnO solution was significantly (p < 0.05) affected, and the number of days that the insect took to complete its life cycle had a significant difference compared to the control. There was a significant difference in the adults’ emergence in all the concentrations of ZnO NPs compared to the control, with over 90% of the eggs successfully going through the life cycle until adult emergence. Additionally, several body malformations were observed throughout the lifecycle of the insect. Also, the fecundity of the females was greatly affected. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of exploitation of ZnO nanoparticles not only to manage S. frugiperda but to significantly reduce their population in the ecosystem through body deformations, reduced fecundity, reduced oviposition, and hatchability of eggs. It will be a valuable tool in integrated pest management regimens.

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Observations on nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the Bordered Dung Beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) under laboratory conditions

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.4023.11.9.14137-14143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 14137-14143

Author(s):

Amar Paul Singh ◽

Kritish De ◽

Shagun Mahajan ◽

Ritwik Mondal ◽

Virendra Prasad Uniyal

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Total Duration ◽

Dung Beetle ◽

Brood Chamber ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Life Cycle Stages ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ball Diameter ◽

Nesting Activity ◽

First Time

The nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were studied under laboratory conditions for the first time in India. The females made a brood chamber within the dung mass provided, wherein they made brood balls to lay eggs. The life cycle includes egg, larva (three instars), pupa, and adult stages. The total duration for the development was about one month. The study found that there was a significant difference present in the brood ball diameter (except in the first and second instars) and brood ball weight (except in the second instar and pupa) of the six life cycle stages. It was also found that brood ball weight and diameter have a significant positive correlation as well as a linear relationship.

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Life Cycle of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Under Semi-Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab126 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kepler Andrade-Herrera ◽

Carolina Núñez-Vázquez ◽

Erendira Estrella

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Forensic Entomology ◽

Development Time ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽

Post Feeding ◽

Laboratory Conditions

Abstract Adult Calliphoridae flies, as well as their immature stages collected from carcasses, have been used as evidence in forensic investigations to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI), particularly those of the genus Chrysomya as it is one of the first genera to colonize a corpse. Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart 1842), due to its appearance in cadaveric remains, plays a fundamental role in the study of forensic entomology. For this reason, we determined the biological cycle of C. rufifacies under semicontrolled laboratory conditions: uncontrolled average fluctuating temperature of 29. 76 ± 3. 22°C, uncontrolled average fluctuating humidity of 48. 91 ± 11.13%, and a controlled photoperiod of 12/12 (L/O). We established that the total development time from oviposition to adult emergence of C. rufifacies was 6. 5 d. The eggs took 12 h to hatch after oviposition. The complete larval stage took 60 h (instar 1 = 12 h, instar 2 = 12 h, instar 3 = 24 h, instar 3 post-feeding = 12 h). The pupa had a duration of 84 h. The species needed a total of 4642.8(±4.59) accumulated degree-hours (ADH) to complete its biological cycle.

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Biology of Raoiella indica Hirst. (Acari: Tenupalpidae) on Arecanut Leaves under Laboratory Conditions

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.d-5095 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Indhusri Chavan ◽

S. Pradeep ◽

M. Manjunatha ◽

H. Narayanaswamy ◽

S. Sridhara

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Developmental Period ◽

Larval Body ◽

Unmated Female ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Raoiella Indica ◽

Mated Female

Biology of Raoiella indica Hirst was studied under laboratory at 27 ± 2°C temperature and 79 ± 5.75 percent RH. The finding showed that life cycle of R. indica consisted of five stages viz., eggs, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. The eggs incubation period of R. indica was 9.790 ± 1.94 days. The larval body measured 0.09 and 0.13 mm in length and 0.08 to 0.10 mm in width and lived for 8.35 ± 0.84 days. The total developmental period of female was 29.80 ± 2.73 days and male took 31.27±40 days. Mated female lived for longer time and laid higher number of eggs than unmated female.

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Red Palm Mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Arachnida: Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in711-2010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Marjorie A. Hoy ◽

Jorge Peña ◽

Ru Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Fact Sheet ◽

Red Palm Mite ◽

Palm Species ◽

Raoiella Indica

EENY-397, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Marjorie A. Hoy, Jorge Peña and Ru Nguyen, describes this pest of several important ornamental and fruit-bearing palm species that is in the process of colonizing islands in the Carribean. Includes sections on distribution; description and life cycle; hosts; survey, detection and damage; management; and selected references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2006. Revised April 2010. EENY-397/IN711: Red Palm Mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Arachnida: Acari: Tenuipalpidae) (ufl.edu)

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Development time plasticity of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) populations under laboratory conditions

Entomologia ◽

10.4081/entomologia.2015.273 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Berardi ◽

M. Branco ◽

M.R. Paiva ◽

H. Santos ◽

A. Battisti

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Larval Development ◽

Development Time ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽

Pine Processionary Moth ◽

Processionary Moth ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Populations

The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) is a univoltine defoliator that is active over a wide range of latitudes and elevations, being largely influenced by temperature variations, especially during larval development across the winter. This work compares field development time with that observed in the laboratory rearing under controlled conditions, in four Th. pityocampa populations characterized by different life history phenology: two populations from the Italian Alps characterized by early and late adult emergence, and two populations from Portugal, the first characterized by winter feeding and late adult emergence, the second by a switch of the larval feeding from winter to summer. The rearing started from the egg stage and was maintained in the laboratory at 20-25°C under natural light in transparent boxes. In spite of the different geographic origins and asynchrony of the period of larval development, all populations maintained an annual life cycle under laboratory conditions, as well as a phenology similar to that of the field populations. Such an outcome was possible due to a trade-off in the duration of the larval and pupal stages, the latter being identified as the phase of development when an efficient regulatory mechanism is acting to maintain the univoltine life cycle.

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Raoiella indica (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae): The Red Palm Mite: A Potential Invasive Pest of Palms and Bananas and Other Tropical Crops of Florida

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-in681-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 (27) ◽

Author(s):

Jorge E. Peña ◽

Catharine M. Mannion ◽

Forrest W. Howard ◽

Marjorie A. Hoy

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Host Plants ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Red Palm Mite ◽

Tropical Crops ◽

Important Pest ◽

Raoiella Indica ◽

The Caribbean

ENY-837, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by J. E. Peña, C. M. Mannion, F. W. Howard and M. A. Hoy, describes this important pest of coconut fruit in many tropical countries, with recent findings in the Caribbean. Damage, description of stages, life cycle, seasonality, dispersal, host plants, chemical control, natural enemies, pathogens, and detection are discussed. Includes references and table of host plants. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, November 2006.

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A new module of AFRIMS’ spoon for larval food quantity affects development time, survival and adult body size ofAnopheles dirusunder laboratory conditions

10.1603/ice.2016.109374 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kanchana Pantuwattana

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Development Time ◽

Larval Food ◽

Adult Body Size ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Food Quantity ◽

Adult Body

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2-Piece Cork Stoppers as Alternative for Valorization of Thin Cork Planks: Analysis by LCA Methodology

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040873 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 873

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Flor-Montalvo ◽

Agustín Sánchez-Toledo Ledesma ◽

Eduardo Martínez Cámara ◽

Emilio Jiménez-Macías ◽

Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Lca Methodology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Dimensions ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Thickness ◽

Cork Stoppers ◽

Wine Bottle

Natural stoppers are a magnificent closure for the production of aging wines and unique wines, whose application is limited by the availability of raw materials and more specifically of cork sheets of different thickness and quality. The growing demand for quality wine bottle closures leads to the search for alternative stopper production. The two-piece stopper is an alternative since it uses non-usable plates in a conventional way for the production of quality caps. The present study has analyzed the impact of the manufacture of these two-piece stoppers using different methodologies and for different dimensions by developing an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), concluding that the process phases of the plate, its boiling, and its stabilization, are the phases with the greatest impact. Likewise, it is detected that the impacts in all phases are relatively similar (for one kg of net cork produced), although the volumetric difference between these stoppers represents a significant difference in impacts for each unit produced.

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