scholarly journals Keragaman dan Intensitas Infeksi Endoparasit Gastrointestinal pada Sapi Bali dengan Sistem Ekstensif di Kabupaten Kupang

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan ◽  
Melkianus Dedimus Same Randu ◽  
I Ketut Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Intensity Category ◽  
Mcmaster Method ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Nematode Worm ◽  
Extensive Breeding

Tanah Putih Village has the potential for the development of Bali cattle because it has extensive grazing land and the majority of farmers raise Bali cattle. The aim of the study was to obtain data on the diversity and intensity of gastrointestinal endoparasitic infection in Balinese cattle with an extensive breeding system in Tanah Putih Village, Kupang Timur District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Gastrointestinal endoparasitic diversity was identify using sedimentation and flotation methods while the intensity of endoparasitic infection was carried out using McMaster method, while data on the diversity and rates of gastrointestinal endoparasitic infection were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study on the diversity of gastrointestinal endoparasites found there are five types of nematode worm eggs namely Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and Trichostrongylus axei. Factors that support the diversity of endoparasites are feed sources, livestock populations, and grazing rotation. The average number of worm eggs found based on the total eggs per gram of faeces for Haemonchus contortus as many as 100 eggs and the other four types of worm eggs amounted to 50 eggs. The average number of eggs indicates that endoparasitic infections in these animals fall into the mild intensity category, is influenced by season, feed source, and age of livestock. The five types of gastrointestinal endoparasites found namely Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and Trichostrongylus axei.

Immune responses of Texel sheep to excretory/secretory products of adult Haemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. F. H. Schallig ◽  
M. A. W. van Leeuwen ◽  
W. M. L. Hendrikx
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblotting Analysis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Secretory Products

SUMMARYThe excretory/secretory (E/S) products of adult Haemonchus contortus comprise of at least 15 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 10 to > 100 kDa. These E/S products induce an immune response in infected Texel sheep, as demonstrated by specific IgGI levels and a significant lymphocyte proliferation index. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis revealed that sera of primary H. contortus-infected sheep specifically recognize a 24 kDa E/S product. In addition, sera of challenged sheep react strongly with a 15 kDa E/S product. The other E/S products of H. contortus showed immunoreactivity with serum samples of Haemonchus-infected sheep as well as with samples of sheep harbouring other trichostrongylid infections. These cross-reacting epitopes are the main cause of the lack of specificity of an E/S material- based ELISA. This ELISA can differentiate Haemonchus infections from Nematodirus battus infections, but not from Ostertagia circumcincta or Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections.

THE FARMERS MOTIVATION IN BALI COW CULTIVATION AT PARIGI OF MUNA DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti Rahmiati Ningsih ◽  
Laode Arsad Sani ◽  
Musram Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Economic Motivation ◽  
Livestock Raising ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Environmental Motivation

Farmer's motivation is essential for developing livestock farming businesses, especially theBali cattle business in Sub-district Parigi, Muna Regency. This study aimed to determine themaintenance system and motivation for raising Bali cattle in Sub-district Parigi, MunaRegency. The course's location was determined intentionally (purposive sampling) that isSub-district Parigi based on the consideration that it had the highest population of Bali cattleamong the other sub-districts in Muna, which was 6,338 individuals. The determination ofbreeders as respondents was carried out randomly in Parigi, Warambe, Kolasa, andWasolangka. Each village was taken as many as 15 respondents, so that a total of 60 people.This study's variables were livestock raising systems, breeding motivation, includingeconomic stimulus, social status motivation, environmental motivation, and productionmotivation. The results showed that the raising system of Bali cattle in Sub-district Parigi wascommonly conducted by using traditional or extensive (46.7%) methods. The highestmotivation for raising Bali cattle in Parigi District was economic motivation (70%), whileother reasons such as environment, production, and social status were medium and lowmotivation categories.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borden Mushonga ◽  
Dismas Habumugisha ◽  
Erick Kandiwa ◽  
Oscar Madzingira ◽  
Alaster Samkange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mcmaster Method

This study investigated the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats from five purposively selected subdivisions (sectors) of Nyagatare district from January to December 2014, after a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and generalized poor productivity was reported in small ruminants in some districts of Rwanda. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed using the Modified Wisconsin Sugar Floatation method and the Fluorescent-labeled peanut-lectin agglutination test while enumerations, as log (FEC), were done using the modified McMaster method. The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep and goats was 75.7% (n=949). The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep (83.4%, n=314) was higher than in goats (71.8%, n=635) (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.40-2.79, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in female goats (74.2%) was higher than in male goats (64.3%) (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09-2.36, and p=0.01). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Nyagatare was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.76-5.99, and p≤0.001) and from Katabagemu (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04-6.59, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Karangazi was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.40-9.28, and p≤0.001). The overall mean monthly log (FEC) for H. contortus in sheep and goats were highest in April (18.9±0.2 and 14.05±0.1, respectively) and October (19.25± 0.2 and 13.75±0.1, respectively). Though, overall, sheep in Nyagatare district were at greater risk of H. contortus infection and goats from Nyagatare and Karangazi sectors were paradoxically at greater risk of H. contortus infection. It was also apparent that young female goats were at greater risk of H. contortus infection than young male goats. H. contortus infection is endemic in small ruminants in Nyagatare district and possibly other districts in Rwanda. Targeted selective treatment (TST) using FAMACHA with emphasis on low-lying swampy pastures and appropriate anthelmintic drugs may be the most economically viable solution in the short term. In the long term breeding of H. contortus resistant small ruminants and strategic grazing using the concept of refugia may bring about considerable relief from H. contortus infection in Nyagatare district, in particular, and Rwanda at large.

Bromus pictus of the B. setifolius complex (section Pnigma): numerical taxonomy and chromosome evidence for species rank

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2493-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Naranjo ◽  
F. H. Arias ◽  
F. E. Gil ◽  
A. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genome Length ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
Components Analysis

Two biotic sympatric taxa of the Bromus setifolius complex, which are presently considered as varieties, were studied using cytological and numerical taxonomy methods. The numerical taxonomy analysis (cluster and principal components analysis) based on 35 characters showed the existence of two phenetically significant groups. One is formed by individuals that correspond to B. setifolius Presl. and the other by individuals with the characters of Bromus pictus Hook. All plants of B. setifolius had 2n = 4x = 28, and all the B. pictus individuals had 2n = 10x = 70. Other cytological differences between the two taxa were found, e.g., karyotype formulae, type of satellites, basic genome length, asymmetry, C-banding patterns, and meiotic chromosome behavior. Cytological differences, which parallel the constant morphological features exhibited by each taxa, justify specific status. Taking into acount other characters, such as perenniality, breeding system, and reproductive isolation barrier, the relationships and evolution of these taxa are discussed. Key words: Bromus setifolius, Bromus pictus, numerical taxonomy, karyotype, C-banding.

Liveweight gain and feed intake of weaned Bali cattle fed grass and tree legumes in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlanuddin ◽  
O. Yanuarianto ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
S. R. McLennan ◽  
S. P. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Bos Javanicus ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Entire Male

Two experiments were conducted with weaned entire male Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) between 6 and 12 months of age. A randomised block design was used in both experiments, which consisted of four treatments (diets), with five replicates (animals) per treatment. In both experiments, the average daily liveweight gain (LWG), feed and water intake and diet digestibility were determined over 8 or 10 weeks, with chest girth and wither height measured at the commencement and end of the experiments. In Experiment 1, the treatments were fresh native grass, native grass supplemented with fresh sesbania, fresh sesbania and fresh sesbania supplemented with rice bran. In Experiment 2, the treatments were sole diets of leucaena hay, sesbania hay, moringa hay or gliricidia hay supplemented with sesbania hay. In Experiment 1, animals fed sesbania supplemented with rice bran had higher DM intake than did animals fed the other three diets. DM digestibility (DMD) was significantly lower for weaners fed the native grass diet than for those fed the other diets. Animals fed sesbania or sesbania supplemented with rice bran had a higher LWG (0.34 and 0.43 kg/day, respectively) and estimated metabolisable energy (ME) intake (0.71 and 0.80 MJ of ME/kg W0.75.day, respectively) than did animals fed native grass alone (0.03 kg/day; 0.58 MJ of ME/kg W0.75.day) or native grass supplemented with sesbania (0.07 kg/day; 0.64 MJ of ME/kg W0.75.day). In Experiment 2, animals fed gliricidia hay had the lowest DM intake. DM intake of animals fed moringa hay was higher than that of animals fed gliricidia hay, but lower than the intake of animals fed sesbania hay or leucaena hay. DMD of the sesbania and leucaena hay diets was lower than that of the gliricidia and moringa hay diets. Animals fed leucaena and sesbania hays had a higher LWG (0.47 and 0.43 kg/day, respectively) and estimated ME intake (0.75 and 0.78 MJ of ME/kg W0.75.day, respectively) than did animals fed moringa hay (0.22 kg/day; 0.66 MJ ME/kg W0.75.day) or gliricidia hay supplemented with sesbania hay (0.0 kg/day; 0.48 MJ ME/kg W0.75.day). In conclusion, tree legumes can safely be fed to growing Bali cattle as the sole component of the diet and some of them will increase LWGs above that of native grasses, which are typically fed to Bali cattle in villages.

scholarly journals Complementary Approaches to Understand Anthelmintic Resistance Using Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Wit ◽  
Clayton Dilks ◽  
Erik Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sustained Efficacy ◽  
Modes Of Action

Anthelmintic drugs are the major line of defense against parasitic nematode infections, but the arsenal is limited and resistance threatens sustained efficacy of the available drugs. Discoveries of the modes of action of these drugs and mechanisms of resistance have predominantly come from studies of a related non-parasitic nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Here, we discuss how our understanding of anthelmintic resistance and modes of action came from the interplay of results from each of these species. We argue that this “cycle of discovery”, where results from one species inform the design of experiments in the other, can use the complementary strengths of both to understand anthelmintic modes of action and mechanisms of resistance.

scholarly journals A social-ecological system approach to Bali cattle raising in Timor Island, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Firman ◽  
OBED HABA NONO
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Bali Cattle

Abstract. Firman A, Nono OH. 2021. A social-ecological system approach to Bali cattle raising in Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3585-3593. Cattle raising in East Nusa Tenggara play important role in the daily life of local people including to fulfill nutritional needs, to generate cash income, to develop social relationships, and to maintain religious activities. On the island of Timor, the type of cattle mostly kept by farmers is Bali cattle. This type of cattle perfectly suits the environmental and social conditions of the island. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of social-ecological systems (SESs) and other systems that were able to maintain the sustainability of Bali cattle raising in Timor Island.  All components in the system that interact with each other were studied through in-depth interviews with informants (15 cattle farmers, five community leaders, five cattle traders, and 10 staff of livestock services district and province levels). The results showed that the SESs approach could provide an explanation on the relationship between resource systems, resource units, governance systems, and users as well as systems that are outside SESs, namely the market and government policies, which altogether were able to improve Bali cattle raising sustainability. Farmers had an important role in Bali cattle raising and their habitat environment. Local and export markets played a role in providing value for Bali cattle raising. The local government maintained the balance of supply and demand for Bali cattle through the East Nusa Tenggara Governor Regulations No. 78 of 2019. Therefore, the research has succeeded in identification of feed resources in savanna and steppe and provide an opportunity to increase the cattle population on the island of Timor. The interaction between farmers and their environment has been well established, however, it is necessary to improve the quality of forage feed in grazing land.

The Cytology, Breeding System and Flowering Behaviour of Panicum coloratum

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Pritchard ◽  
IHD Lacy
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Panicum Coloratum ◽  
Flowering Behaviour ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Generative Cells ◽  
Accessory Chromosomes

A collection of 47 accessions of Panicum coloratum was classified into five morphologically distinct types. One of these was uniformly hexaploid (2n = 54) and another was diploid (2n = 18). The other three were mainly tetraploid (2n = 36) but some pentaploid (2n = 45) plants and one septaploid (2n = 63) plant were found. Meiosis was regular in all euploid plants but nine univalents were usually present in the pentaploid plants. A variable number of accessory chromosomes were found in somatic and generative cells in some plants of two of the types, and hybridization studies indicated a close relationship between these. It is suggested that both tetraploids and hexaploids are allopolyploids and that the hexaploid has two genomes in common with the tetraploids. All accessions set adequate seed following open pollination, but shed seed readily at maturity. There was variation in the degree of self-incompatibility both within and between types. In some accessions up to 33% of the florets were capable of setting seed when self-pollinated. P. coloratum grew best and flowered earliest in long days (I6 hr) and a day temperature of 27-30°C.

On the synonymy of Marshallagia orientalis (Bhalerao, 1932) with Marshallagia marshalli and a record of its occurrence from the mountainous region of the punjab

Parasitology ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
M. M. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Marshallagia Marshalli ◽  
Small Intestines

In June 1946, one male and one female helminth of the species Marshallagia marshalli (Ransom, 1907) were collected from one of two goats (Capra sibirica), at Manali, which had been slaughtered soon after their arrival from Spiti (Kangra district, Punjab, India). The abomasa, small intestines, lungs and livers of both the animals were available for examination. The lungs, livers and small intestines did not yield any helminths, but one male and one female of Marshallagia marshalli, were collected from the abomasum of one goat, and a single male specimen of Haemonchus contortus was collected from the abomasum of the other goat.

scholarly journals Vitamin A and carotenoids in certain invertebrates: IV. Mollusca: Loricata, Lamellibranchiata, and Gastropoda

1956 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Fisher ◽  
S. K. Kon ◽  
S. Y. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Nematode Worm ◽  
Anisakis Physeteris

Apart from a general account (Kon, 1954) of our work on vitamin A and carotenoids in invertebrates, our publications so far (Kon & Thompson, 1949a, b; Batham, Fisher, Henry, Kon & Thompson, 1951; Fisher, Kon & Thompson, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955) have been concerned only with marine Crustacea. We have also studied, during our investigation of the metabolism of vitamin A and its possible precursors in the sea, numerous species from most other phyla of marine invertebrates. Except for the nematode worm, Anisakis physeteris Baylis, taken from the stomach of a sperm whale, the only two phyla of invertebrate animals in which we have so far found vitamin A are the Arthropoda and the Mollusca. The vitamin was present in at least some species from each of the molluscan classes, Loricata, Gastropoda, Lamellibranchiata and Cephalopoda, but we have no information yet about the Solenogastres or the Scaphopoda of which we have analysed no representatives. So far as our studies were concerned, the cephalopods differed considerably from the other molluscs examined, and the relatively large amount of information they have provided will be more conveniently presented in a subsequent paper. The account which follows, therefore, deals only with species from the first three classes just listed.

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