scholarly journals Urinary Melamine Levels and Progression of CKD

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Tsai ◽  
Chia-Fang Wu ◽  
Chia-Chu Liu ◽  
Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Egfr Decline ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background and objectivesCKD is a global public health problem. Some cross-sectional studies have associated environmental melamine exposure with kidney diseases, but evidence is limited.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe conducted this prospective cohort study to enroll patients with eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in 2006–2010. Urinary corrected melamine levels (ratio of urinary melamine to urinary creatinine) were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry at enrollment. Kidney outcomes included doubling of serum creatinine levels, eGFR decline >3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, and 30% decline in eGFR in the first 2 years. Subjects were followed until targeted kidney outcomes, cancer, death, last contact, or the end of observation in December 2016.ResultsIn a total of 293 subjects, the median urinary corrected melamine level was 0.97 (interquartile range, 0.43–2.08) μg/mmol. Over a median follow-up period of 7.0 years, serum creatinine levels doubled in 80 subjects (27%). Subjects in the highest tertile of urinary melamine level 12.70 μg/mmol) had a 2.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 4.23; P<0.01) hazard risk for doubling of serum creatinine compared with those in the lowest tertile (0.02–0.58 μg/mmol). Similar significant dose-response results were found in eGFR decline >3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year and 30% decline in eGFR in the first 2 years.ConclusionsUrinary melamine level is significantly associated with kidney function deterioration in patients with early-stage CKD.

scholarly journals Management of hemodialysis unit in a specialized hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-688
Author(s):  
Arifa Sultana ◽  
Ashees Kumar Saha ◽  
Afsana Bilkis ◽  
Papia Sultana ◽  
Sajeda Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit

Chronic Kidney disease is becoming a global public health problem throughout the world. The aim of the study was to assess management status of the hemodialysis unit in a specialized hospital. It was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study. A total of 17 participants were selected by purposive sampling method on the basis of defined selection criteria from January 2015 to December 2016. The place of study was National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU) hospital, Dhaka. The research instruments were a semi structured questionnaire and a checklist. The socio-demographic status of the respondents showed that 11.8 %( n=02) were doctor, 58.8 %( n=10) nurses and 29.4 %( n=05) were technician. Mean age of care providers was 38.82±8.79 years. Majority of respondents, were satisfied regarding the unit including physical facilities 76.5% (n=13) cleanliness of the unit 58.8% (n=10) and medical record facility 52.9% (n=9). Need to strengthen infection control measure and BCC activities among the service providers to improve the management status of the hemodialysis unit of NIKDU hospital. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 683-688

scholarly journals Parâmetros clínicos e bioquímicos de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise com níveis elevados de fosfatase alcalina

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
Maria Rita Fonseca Dias ◽  
Raissa Castro Ribeiro ◽  
Vanessa Fernandes Lobão ◽  
Michel Garcia Maciel ◽  
Andréa Dias Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City ◽  
Global Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, which implies poor health and high risk of cardiovascular disease contributing to high mortality rates, whichhas been associated with high levels of alkaline phosphatase (AF) in this public. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and biochemical parameters in relation to alkaline phosphatase levels of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study, performed in 93 male and female patients, aged 18 years or older, from a hemodialysis center in the city of Belém, Pará. Data collection included interviews through a semi-structured questionnaire and consultation of medical records. Descriptive statistics consisted of mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, relative and absolute frequency. For alkaline phosphatase analysis, the interquartile range of 120 U/L was used. Results: Of the 93 patients, 58 were men with a mean age of 54.5 ± 4.5 years. The sample was divided into two groups: the first, with low alkaline phosphatase - less than 120 U/L (n= 50; 82.24 ± 21.67); and the second, with high alkaline phosphatase - greater than or equal to 120 U/L (n= 43; 288.82 ± 300.05). After analyzing the clinical and biochemical profile of each group, we found a statistical difference in the values of parathyroid hormone and hemoglobin, in which the group with high alkaline phosphatase obtained higher parathyroid hormone levels and lower hemoglobin values. Considerable prevalence of elevated phosphatase was observed in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Conclusion: The study identified high parathyroid hormone and lower hemoglobin in patients with high alkaline phosphatase. We emphasize the importance of monitoring and correcting AF levels, when possible.

scholarly journals Awareness on Heart Diseases among Bangladesh Army Personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽  
Md Fashiur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Shams ul Huda ◽  
SM Humayan Kabir ◽  
Md Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
Army Personnel ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Introduction: Heart diseases are global public health problem. In 2015, 14.31% of total death in Bangladesh was due to coronary heart disease. Moreover in 2016, 2(two) recruits and 1(one) officer of Bangladesh army encountered sudden death due to cardiac arrest. Objective: To ascertain the level of knowledge, awareness and health practice regarding the threat of cardiovascular diseases among Bangladesh Army personnel. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 242 members of Bangladesh Army in different training centers and school under Army training and doctrine command (ARTDOC), units of 19 infantry division, Battle group of ARTDOC and Head quarter (HQ) ARTDOC, from February to July 2017. Results: Among the respondents, 56.2%, 45% and 44.6% respectively mentioned tobacco smoking, obesity and sedentary life style are the causes of heart disease and 62%, 42%, 31%, 10% and 2% mentioned that chest pain, shortness of breathing, sweating, radiating pain in jaw and extremity and snoring-sleep apnea are the symptoms and signs of heart disease. Conclusion: From the study it was revealed that, majority of the respondents had poor level of knowledge on awareness of heart disease. Adequate effort may be taken to increase the awareness by expert professionals and social media. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 47-50

scholarly journals Pattern, Management, and Outcome of Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Naresh Karki ◽  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Vinod Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Introduction: Poisoning is a significant global public health problem. The appropriate management of poisoning at emergency needs accurate assessment and immediate treatment. The immense chance for better outcomes occurs with early diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted to assess pattern, management, and outcome of poisoning in tertiary care hospital. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in which records of patients with a diagnosis of poisoning over a period of four years were reviewed. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study. A majority (63%) of them were females. Most (67.4%) were managed by general or supportive measure only. Gastric lavage was done in 60% of total patients while 52.9% patients received activated charcoal. Pralidoxime and atropine was received by 51.1% of patients treated with specific antidote. All the antidotes were administered through intravenous route. Regarding outcome, 89.9% were completely recovered. Suicidal poisoning was significantly higher in married as compared to unmarried patients (p = 0.029). Similarly, there was a significant relationship between occupation of the patients and manner of poisoning (p = 0.003). Outcome of treatment had a significant association with the manner of poisoning (p < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that the patients who expired in the hospital were more likely to ingest poison accidentally. Conclusion: Suicidal poisoning is common and females are more susceptible. Insecticide and rodenticide are the commonly ingested poisons. Treatment outcome of poisoning cases is generally favorable.

scholarly journals Diabetes-Related Complications Severity Analysis Based on Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ebrahimi ◽  
Khatereh Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a significant global public health problem affecting more than 285 million people worldwide. Evidence suggests that lifestyle and other non-pharmacological interventions can delay and even prevent the development of disease and its complications. This disease should be effectively controlled because of its complications including cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, retinopathy, kidney diseases and etc.Material and Methods: In this research two fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches including fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) methods are used to decide the significance of each diabetes complications due to its main risk factors.Results: In GRA method values of the first pair-wise comparison between criterions were defined in interval-valued fuzzy numbers, this puts more accuracy on the problem and the final ranking obtained from this method was a little different in sorting and weights of alternatives compared to fuzzy TOPSIS method.Conclusion: It is a new view point of fuzzy MCDM methods to be used for analysis of complications due to a specific disease. 

scholarly journals Management of Hemodialysis Unit for Care Receivers in a Specialized Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Arifa Sultana ◽  
ANM Shamsul Islam ◽  
China Rani Mittra ◽  
Salma Khatun ◽  
Ashees Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit

Background: Chronic Kidney disease is becoming a global public health problem throughout the world. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the management status of hemodialysis unit for care receivers in a specialized hospital. Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were selected by purposive sampling method on the basis of defined selection criteria from January 2015 to December 2016. The place of study was National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU) hospital, Dhaka. The research instruments were a semi structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Data were collected from respondents by face to face interview and an observational Checklist was also used to collect information regarding administrative facility, physical facility and utility services. Result: The findings of the study were presented by frequency, percentage in tables. Means and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables were used to describe the characteristics of the total sample. Among the service receiver, mean age was 46.65±13.53 years of which 69.9 %( n=58) were male and their average monthly income Tk. 20670±14811. Formalin and hydrogen per oxide were used to wash dialyzer. In the support services unit, equipment and stationery were supplied always. Ratio of health care receiver and provider in the unit was Patient-doctor ratio 1:15 and Patient-nurse ratio 1:6. From the respondents 38 (45.8%) said that, doctor/ nurse visit them thrice per cycle. In majority of respondents, were satisfied regarding the unit including doctors and nurses activities, physical facilities, and cleanliness of the unit, except the cleanliness of toilet. Conclusion: Increasing number of functioning dialysis machine, skilled manpower, medicine supply and strict infection control measure could be helpful to improve the management status of the hemodialysis unit of NIKDU. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):84-89

Psychiatric follow up after a suicide attempt

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s271-s271
Author(s):  
D. de la Vega Sánchez ◽  
M. Reina Domínguez ◽  
S. Fernández León
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

IntroductionSuicide is a global public health problem. More than 800,000 people die due to suicide every year according to the WHOM. In Spain, about 9 people die due to suicide every day, and the rates increase every year. The presence of previous suicide attempts is one of the strongest risk factors for suicide consumption. Nevertheless, patients sometimes do not receive a correct assistance after a suicide attempt.ObjectiveTo study the follow-up of patients, without previous psychiatrichistory, who commit a first suicide attempt in the area of Huelva (Spain).MethodRetrospective review of the electronic clinical histories of patients attended in the Emergency service of Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital after a first suicide attempt during the first six months of 2015.ResultsFrom January to June of 2015 we collected a total of 159 patients who committed a firs suicide attempt in our area. A total of 69.18% were women and 30.82 were men. In both sex the mean age was 39 years. Out of the 159 attended after a first suicide attempt, only 54% were referred to the Psychiatry service to be followed up. Out of those referred, only 62% actually attended and only half of them really staying treatment.ConclusionsAn adequate psychiatric follow up after a suicide attempt is needed to reduce the risk of more suicide attempts or consumption. A minority (30.8%) of the patients attended in our area after a first suicide attempt received an adequate attention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽  
Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chemical Class ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

scholarly journals Glomerular function in relation to fine airborne particulate matter in a representative population sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Mei Feng ◽  
Lutgarde Thijs ◽  
Zhen-Yu Zhang ◽  
Esmée M. Bijnens ◽  
Wen-Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Renal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Renal Responses

AbstractFrom 1990 until 2017, global air-pollution related mortality increased by 40%. Few studies addressed the renal responses to ultrafine particulate [≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5)], including black carbon (BC), which penetrate into the blood stream. In a Flemish population study, glomerular filtration estimated from serum creatinine (eGFR) and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were measured in 2005–2009 in 820 participants (women, 50.7%; age, 51.1 years) with follow-up of 523 after 4.7 years (median). Serum creatinine, eGFR, chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and microalbuminuria (> 3.5/> 2.5 mg per mmol creatinine in women/men) were correlated in individual participants via their residential address with PM2.5 [median 13.1 (range 0.3–2.9) μg/m3] and BC [1.1 (0.3–18) μg/m3], using mixed models accounting for address clusters. Cross-sectional and longitudinally, no renal outcome was associated with PM2.5 or BC in models adjusted for sex and baseline or time varying covariables, including age, blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, plasma glucose, the total-to-HDL serum cholesterol ratio, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, socioeconomic class, and antihypertensive treatment. The subject-level geocorrelations of eGFR change with to BC and PM2.5 were 0.13 and 0.02, respectively (P ≥ 0.68). In conclusion, in a population with moderate exposure, renal function was unrelated to ultrafine particulate.

Perceived Experiences of Community Violence Among Adolescents: A School Survey From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110051
Author(s):  
Claudia L. de Moraes ◽  
Érika B. dos Santos ◽  
Michael E. Reichenheim ◽  
Stella R. Taquette ◽  
Luciane Stochero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Management Actions

Community violence (CV) is a global public health problem due to its high frequency and severe consequences. Although CV is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, little is known about the everyday CV situations that do not lead to death. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of exposure to and involvement in CV situations among adolescent students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of 693 individuals in their second year of high school selected through stratified multistage random sampling. Information about their exposure to and involvement in CV was collected through a self-completed multidimensional questionnaire in the classrooms. For approximately 30% of the adolescents, someone close to them had been murdered, and 40% had already seen the corpse of a victim of homicide. Seventeen percent reported having been directly involved in CV situations. Approximately 38%, 13%, and 25% had been victims of robberies, interpersonal aggression, and death threats to either themselves or their relatives, respectively. Many of these situations occurred more than once. In general, CV was more frequently reported by boys and by those who did not live with both parents. Adolescents from higher economic classes experienced more interpersonal aggression and felt a greater need to carry a gun. Those who belonged to the lower economic classes and studied in public schools were more exposed to lethal violence than other students. The results call attention to the very high percentage of adolescent students that are involved in CV situations as well as to the differences in violence rates among population subgroups. Such findings should be considered when planning CV prevention and management actions in schools and other socialization spaces for adolescents.

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