scholarly journals The Implementation of COP21 Agreement in the Third World

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Third World ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Very High

<div><p><em>The so-called Third World must now start developing implementation strategies of the COP21 objectives. In both emerging economies and poor countries, CO2:s area rather high except some countries where CO2:s are very high. Thus, the energy reliance upon coal – wood or solid – as well as petroleum must be transformed somehow. Hydro power requires lots of water, which further global warming may deny – look at Venezuela today. Thus, major investments in wind, solar or/and nuclear power are called for, which will have to be partly financed by the COP21 superfund. Yet, implementing a major decarbonisation conflicts with the developmental goals of Third World countries whatever they may be: “catch-up”, reducing poverty, UN development framework, etc. Implementation theory (Wildavsky, Sabatier) teaches us humbleness about the likelihood of goal fulfillment.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Latin America and the Cop21 Agreement: A Most Severe Implementation Problematic

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Great Energy ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p><em>As the Latin American countries have hardly started developing implementation strategies of the agreed upon COP21 objectives, their situation should be more researched. The CO2:s are really high in 2 countries but medium in all the others; Mexico and Brazil that face enormous difficulties with global warming. Thus, the dominant energy reliance remains much fixed upon oil and natural gas, but with some third component like hydro, geothermal or biomass power. Hydro power is used much but it presents a risk as it requires lots of water, which further global warming may deny—look at Venezuela today. Brazil’s plans for 30 new dams in the Amazons together with ongoing logging and new agriculture will destroy the rain forest Major investments in wind, solar, geo-thermal power or/and nuclear power are called for, besides the plenty biomass and hydro power. But to make a great energy transformation towards renewables and atomic power, the Latin American countries need massive assistance from the promised Super Fund. Only Uruguay has come far with the changes towards renewables, producing electricity with 100% renewables, including wind power.</em></p>

Environmental characteristics and organizational ideology: UNCTAD—the lessons of 1964

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Javed A. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Negotiated Settlement ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Rich Countries

THE United Nations Conference on Trade and Development came nto existence in 1964. Its creation was viewed with a degree of cautious enthusiasm by the Third World and with a certain amount of apprehension by the rich countries. Its performance has dampened the enthusiasm and heightened the apprehension. Its contribution to substantive changes in trade policies has not been spectacular. Whatever improvement in commodity prices and hence in the terms of trade of the poor countries that occurred in the early 1970s was attributable to fortuitous circumstances – not to a negotiated settlement between the rich and poor countries, enabling the latter to retain a larger portion of the gains from trade. Can we3 therefore3 say that UNGTAD has been ineffective? That it has failed to perform its global task? And if so, what is the cause of this failure? Is the organizational ideology unsuitable in the sense that it is not representative of the national objectives of viable coalitions among UNGTAD constituents? Or has the leadership failed to evolve a strategy which links the pursuit of specific sub-goals to the transformation of the system in accordance with the organizational ideology? This present paper attempts to look at the first question and to venture an opinion on the effectiveness of UNGTAD in the light of these findings.

The Drugging of the Third World

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Silverman ◽  
Philip R. Lee ◽  
Mia Lydecker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Third World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Product Effectiveness ◽  
Drug Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Domestic Companies

This article reports an investigation of the promotion of more than 500 products marketed by over 150 pharmaceutical companies in the United States, Great Britain, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In contrast to the promotional material provided to physicians in the United States and Great Britain, material presented to physicians in Third World countries was found to be marked by gross exaggeration of product effectiveness and minimized or completely omitted potential hazards. No substantial differences could be found between multinational and domestic companies, brand-name and generic firms, or companies based in capitalist nations and those in socialist or communist-bloc countries in terms of the adequacy and accuracy of their promotion. Little evidence was found to support industry claims that the discrepancies in promotion reflect the different policies of various drug regulatory agencies. Much of the promotion concerned “luxury products,” including costly tonics and appetite stimulants marketed in poor countries where the pressing need is for food. Bribery of influential physicians and key governmental officials may play an important role in irrational drug promotion and use in the Third World. Some of the proposed corrective approaches to this problem are examined.

Do Cities ‘Modernize’ the Developing Countries? An Examination of the South Asian Experience

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Third World ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The City

The City is a civilizing influence. This is one of the enduring themes of western thought. The crowding, filth, and exploitation of the industrial city in nineteenth-century Europe could not dampen the enthusiasm of urbanists such as Weber, Ruskin, or Spengler; nor is there any dearth of eulogizers of today‘s sprawling megalopolis. This mode of thought has also found its way into the poor countries of the third world, where the overwhelming majority lives in isolated villages. The current message for them is to seek urbanization if they want to be prosperous. This is the essence of a now familiar proposition that cities are necessary for economic development.

The marginal utility of income transfers to the Third World

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Russett
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Income Transfers ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Third World

Three different methods are used to estimate the loss and gain in fulfillment of basic needs, for industrial and less developed countries, from possible global transfers of income. Focusing on prospective changes in life expectancy and infant mortality rates, the gain attributable to a given income increment for a person in a very poor country is on the order of seventy-five times greater than the loss to be expected for the average person residing in a rich country. Benefits to the poor are greater if income is distributed relatively equally within poor countries. Income transfers designed to meet basic needs would help to reduce birth rates in poor countries. The prospective gains in basic needs from the transfers are sufficiently large to exceed prospective losses from disruption of the global economy caused by the transfers. Fundamental questions of justice are thus raised.

scholarly journals Conventional Economic Concepts Challenged Poor Countries Must Develop the Mass Sector

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
M. A. Hussein Mullick
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Nonformal Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Third World

"Development Reconsidered" [6] is not just another addition to the numerous books already published on aid and development over the past two decades. It is something else. The authors try to develop a different approach to the whole process of social change. They do this by critically examining some of the myths and fictions attached to conventional economic concepts. In doing this they either draw heavily on their own personal observations or if that is not sufficient, they try to dig out relevant findings from the writings of other scholars. The book is divided into nine chapters. The subjects treated include, development reconsidered, efficient use of manpower, modernising agriculture and industry, and the significance of nonformal education. There is also one full chapter devoted to the role of the United States in the development of the Third World. The main thesis of the book as I understand is "Hitherto development has promoted a dualistic economic pattern in which only the privileged few have fattened themselves and the rest continue to suffer", This "oasis in the desert" development pattern as the authors call it is not development inducing, but development retarding.

scholarly journals Antipoverty: England's first development education organisation (1971-1974)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Harrison
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Third World ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Action Projects ◽  
The Third World

The Antipoverty Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) founded by O. G. Thomas was the first development education organisation in England. During the early 1970s it aimed to increase young people's understanding of Third World issues through regional 'study-action' projects. This meant that learning about people's lives in economically poor countries should lead to action for change, either in those countries or within England. Learning from a farming community in South Korea and housing settlements in Kenya and India are examples of Antipoverty projects. Antipoverty heralded the emergence of development education in England as more than learning about aid and poverty for the Third World but rather a process that involves everyone.

scholarly journals Training in Third World Countries: The International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO)

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Milan Bodi
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
State Service ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

The International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO) is helping a large proportion of the Third World Countries where Civil Protection is considered, promoted and organized as a State Service, an obligation of the Authorities toward the population to save it from the devastating effects of a natural or technological disaster or the after-effects of a serious accident. The absence of the industrialized countries within the ICDO has not prevented the poor countries from developing a protection and safety system within the Technical Cooperation Program of ICDO, by their own efforts and with their own resources. The system is based on intervention units, which although sometimes in their embryonic stages, are already capable, however, of administering emergency first aid. Hence the keen interest of those countries in resuscitation techniques.

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