scholarly journals Does Language Type Affect Perceptions of Disability Images? An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. p75
Author(s):  
Stuart B. Kamenetsky ◽  
Adam S. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Perceptions Of Disability ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Willingness To Help ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Language Type

The present experimental study examined the impact of language type on perception of disability images with text captions. 204 disability naïve undergraduate students viewed disability images containing one of six disability language captions: disability-first, defiant self-naming, impairment, negative, person-first, and apologetic naming. Participants completed measures of identification, emotion, willingness to help, willingness to include, and perceptions of capabilities and rights. Person-first and apologetic naming did not result in more positive perceptions of disability. Rather, defiant self-naming evoked the most positive emotions and identification, and greater perceived capabilities and willingness to include whereas negative language evoked the most negative perceptions of images. Results suggest that the elimination of negative language and the use of empowering defiant self-naming by people with disabilities, rather than a focus on using person-first and apologetic naming, may be more effective in reducing negative disability stereotypes.

Influence of Different Representation of Requirements on Idea Generation: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Patel ◽  
Joshua D. Summers ◽  
Sourabh Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Requirements Document ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this research is to understand how different representations of requirements influence idea generation in terms of quantity, addressment, sketch detail, novelty, and variety of conceptual sketches. Requirements are statements of need, desires, and wishes of the stakeholders that are used by engineers to frame the problem. Essentially, requirements are the raison d’etre for any engineering project. As the requirements document provides constraints and criteria for a design, it defines and determines the success of a project. While there is research studying the effect of requirements on the conceptual sketch, little study has focused one the impact of different requirement representations on solution development. An experimental study was conducted with 52 fourth year mechanical engineering undergraduate students. Two design problems were formulated with three different representations: a problem statement with embedded requirements, a problem statement and a traditional requirement list, and a problem statement with contextualized scrum stories. Each student was provided each design problems with two different representations of requirements. It was found that the use of contextualized scrum story representations significantly affected the conceptual sketch in the novelty of solution fragments and addressment of requirements, while no significant change in variety, sketch detail, and quantity was seen. Also, the contextualized representation positively affected all metrics but the sketch quantity. Finally, it was found that quantity is not directly related to the number of requirements addressed in the sketches.

Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalska ◽  
Justyna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study was a diagnosis of the attitudes of students of Warsaw universities towards people with disabilities and the variables which impacted on these attitudes. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the need for social approval and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study focused on two components of attitudes: behavioural (measured by preferable social distance - SDSB) and cognitive (tested with a semantic differential scale - SDSO). 318 students completed a survey including a demographic sheet, a social desirability scale, the SDSB and SDSO. The results indicate that students expressed positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. The impact of such variables as gender, the type of disability and the need for social approval was registered and were differentiated in regard to components of attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research and cues for further studies are suggested.

scholarly journals The impact of enjoyment and anxiety on English-language learners’ willingness to communicate

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Elias Bensalem
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
English Language ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
The Impact

Willingness to communicate (WTC) plays a pivotal role in second language learning (Clément et al., 2003; Kang, 2005;Yashima et al., 2004) because a high level of WTC may help learners achieve language proficiency (MacIntyre et al., 2003; Yashima et al., 2004). Therefore, MacIntyre et al. (1998, p. 547) asserted that the major goal of language learning should be WTC. Willingness to communicate in a foreign language is linked to a range of negative emotions (i.e., anxiety and boredom) and positive emotions (i.e., enjoyment and pride). Inspired by the shift from negative psychology to positive psychology in the field of second language learning, the present study aimed to investigate whether language enjoyment and anxiety are potential predictors of WTC. A group of 349 English as a foreign language (EFL) undergraduate students (female = 226, male = 123) enrolled at public Saudi Arabian universities were surveyed. Quantitative data were collected during one month. Descriptive analyses revealed above-average levels of WTC of theparticipants. Multiple regression analyses revealed that foreign language enjoyment (FLE) was a predictor of WTC but foreign language classroom anxiety (FLA) did not correlate significantly with students’ WTC. These results suggest higher levels of enjoyment may have neutralized the effects of anxiety on WTC, indicating the role of positive emotions. Implications for foreign language teachers are discussed.

The Impact of Information-Processing Styles on College Students' Attitudes toward People with Disabilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Suthakaran ◽  
Scott Wright ◽  
Elise Simpson ◽  
Melissa Marra ◽  
Devin Sonner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Processing Styles ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between information- processing styles, as defined by using Epstein's (1994) cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST), and college students' attitudes toward people with disabilities (PWD). The ability and favorability to process information experientially or rationally were measured using the Rational Experiential Inventory (REI), and attitudes toward PWD were measured using the Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale-Form O (ATDP-O). Undergraduate students (N = 163) from a psychology subject pool participated in this study. Results indicated that favoring an experiential style of information processing was positively related to attitudes toward PWD. The ability to process information experientially or rationally and the favoring of a rational style of information processing were not found to be related to attitudes toward PWD. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed.

The Impact of TimeSlips on Undergraduate Students in Service Learning With Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sabine Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Attitudes Toward Older Adults ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Shift ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Journal Entries

Purpose Future speech-language pathologists are often unprepared in their academic training to serve the communicative and cognitive needs of older adults with dementia. While negative attitudes toward older adults are prevalent among undergraduate students, service learning has been shown to positively affect students' attitudes toward older adults. TimeSlips is an evidence-based approach that has been shown to improve health care students' attitudes toward older adults. The purpose of this study is to explore the change in attitudes in speech-language pathology students toward older adults using TimeSlips in service learning. Method Fifty-one students participated in TimeSlips service learning with older adults and completed the Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS) before and after service learning. In addition, students completed a reflection journal. The DAS data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics, and journal entries were analyzed using a qualitative analysis approach. Results The service learners exhibited a significant increase in positive attitude as indexed on the DAS. The reflective journal entries supported the positive change in attitudes. Conclusions A noticeable attitude shift was indexed in reflective journals and on the DAS. TimeSlips is an evidence-based, patient-centered approach well suited to address challenges in the preparation of Communication Sciences and Disorders students to work with the growing population of older adults.

Effects of Provocation on Emotions and Aggression: An Experimental Study with Aggressive Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Stadler ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Sibylle Steuber ◽  
Fritz Poustka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Conduct Disordered ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Conductance Level

In this study, the effects of an experimental-induced provocation on emotions and aggression were examined in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after provocation on a 5-point-visual scale. In addition, negative and positive emotions as well as physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance level) were measured at baseline and after provocation. Results revealed that participants’ aggressive behaviour and subjective emotions differed as a function of the opponent’s level of provocation. Concerning physiological parameters, no significant differences were found between the experimental conditions. These results suggest that affective, but not physiological variables characterize reactive aggression in conduct-disordered children.

Experimental study of thermohydraulic characteristics and irreversibility analysis of novel axial corrugated tube with spring tape inserts

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 30901
Author(s):  
Suvanjan Bhattacharyya ◽  
Debraj Sarkar ◽  
Ulavathi Shettar Mahabaleshwar ◽  
Manoj K. Soni ◽  
M. Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heat Exchanger Tube ◽  
Heat Transfer Augmentation ◽  
Corrugated Tube ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchanger Tube

The current study experimentally investigates the heat transfer augmentation on the novel axial corrugated heat exchanger tube in which the spring tape is introduced. Air (Pr = 0.707) is used as a working fluid. In order to augment the thermohydraulic performance, a corrugated tube with inserts is offered. The experimental study is further extended by varying the important parameters like spring ratio (y = 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) and Reynolds number (Re = 10 000–52 000). The angular pitch between the two neighboring corrugations and the angle of the corrugation is kept constant through the experiments at β = 1200 and α = 600 respectively, while two different corrugations heights (h) are analyzed. While increasing the corrugation height and decreasing the spring ratio, the impact of the swirling effect improves the thermal performance of the system. The maximum thermal performance is obtained when the corrugation height is h = 0.2 and spring ratio y = 1.5. Eventually, correlations for predicting friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu) are developed.

The Role of Career Self-Efficacy on the Effect of Parental Career Behaviors on Career Exploration: A Study on School of Tourism and Hotel Management’ Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Kanten ◽  
Pelin Kanten ◽  
Murat Yeşiltaş
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of parental career behaviors on undergraduate student’s career exploration and the mediating role of career self-efficacy. In the literature it is suggested that some social and individual factors facilitate students’ career exploration. Therefore, parental career behaviors and career self-efficacy is considered as predictors of student’s career exploration attitudes within the scope of the study. In this respect, data which are collected from 405 undergraduate students having an education on tourism and hotel management field by the survey method are analyzed by using the structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that parental career behaviors which are addressed support; interference and lack of engagement have a significant effect on student’s career exploration behaviors such as intended-systematic exploration, environment exploration and self-exploration. In addition, it has been found that one of the dimensions of parental career behaviors addressed as a lack of engagement has a significant effect on career self-efficacy levels of students. However, research results indicate that student’s career self-efficacy has a significant effect on only the self-exploration dimension. On the other hand, career self-efficacy has a partial mediating role between lack of engagement attitudes of parents and career exploration behaviors of students.

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