scholarly journals Protracted Refugee Situations and the “Warehousing” Option: The Intractability of Kenya’s Dadaab Refugee Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. p71
Author(s):  
Sage Shaheen ◽  
David P. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Host State

This article examines the phenomenon of Protracted Refugee Situations (PRS) and the so-called warehousing of refugees in the case of Kenya’s Dadaab refugee complex. We analyze the intractability of PRS in this particular case and argue that there are four main features that make it so: (1) a host state that views the refugees primarily as a security threat and takes very little responsibility for their well-being; (2) UNHCR acting as a surrogate state with very little influence over the Kenyan government and little incentive or capacity to remedy the situation; (3) an ongoing political situation in Somalia that prevents the safe return of refugees; and (4) a general failure on the part of wealthier countries to commit to substantial resettlement initiatives.

Poverty and Prosperity: Political Economics in Eighteenth-Century Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Marc A. Hight
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Irish People ◽  
Economic Thinking

AbstractI draw attention to a group of thinkers in Ireland in the first half of the eighteenth century that made significant contributions to the philosophy of political economy. Loosely organized around the Dublin Philosophical Society founded in 1731, these individuals employed a similar set of assumptions and shared a common interest in the well-being of the Irish people. I focus on Samuel Madden (1686-1765), Arthur Dobbs (1689-1765), and Thomas Prior (1680–1751) and argue for two main theses. First, these Irish thinkers shared a number of commonalities with the English mercantilist thinkers of the eighteenth century, and to the degree that they did, their proposals to aid Ireland and reduce poverty were largely doomed to failure. Second, these Irish thinkers also importantly diverged from typical eighteenth-century mercantilist thinking in several ways. These modifications to mercantilism resulted in large part from the unusual political situation of Ireland (as a nation politically dependent on England) and helped orient their economic thinking along more institutional lines. In particular, the emphasis of the Irish on full employment and on the modification of social as well as political institutions is an early step forward in making political economy more sophisticated.

FARC peace deal will survive Colombian election

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Situation

Significance President Juan Manuel Santos described the historic milestone as “the last breath of the conflict with the FARC” and tweeted that the country could now begin “the construction of peace and of a better Colombia”. With Santos’s term due to end next year, however, the task of overseeing the challenges of reintegration and peace-building will be left in the hands of his successor.. Impacts The FARC is unlikely ever again to constitute an existential security threat to the Colombian state. The risk of criminal activity involving FARC dissidents is highest in the departments of Meta, Guaviare and Norte de Santander. Continued disputes between guerrilla and government negotiators make an imminent peace deal with the ELN improbable. The deteriorating socio-political situation in Venezuela represents a serious threat to Colombian security.

scholarly journals Causing Security Threat to Host State by Refugees: Context of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Md. Zillur Rahman ◽  
Dilshad Hossain Dodul
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Host State ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Visible Action

Bangladesh has been the host state of a large number of Rohingya refugees since August 2017. Rohingya, An ethnic minority group of Rakhine state, Myanmar, have been fleeing to Bangladesh after the Myanmar army started an ethnic cleansing on that area in august 2017. Since then, Bangladesh has been hosting around 1.1 million Rohingya refugees till now. In the first three months of the crisis, the majority arrived. During the first half of 2018, an estimated 12,000 people entered Bangladesh. Women and children are the vast majority in Bangladesh, and more than 40 percent are under 12 years of age (UNHCR 2020). As per the latest update of UNHCR, 860,243 Rohingya refugees are living in 187,534 households inside the camps (UNHCR 2020). After three years of this influx, Bangladesh is bearing the burden of Rohingya refugees and repatriation from Bangladesh is a far cry from reality. As (Mallick 2020) explain that, due to China and India's rising economic and strategic interests in repatriating the Rohingya refugees to the Rakhine State, Myanmar, foreign and regional organizations were unable to take any visible action. Organizations such as the United Nations, OIC, ASEAN, and other regional bodies have struggled to put pressure on Myanmar to take back Bangladeshi Rohingya refugees.

Social state and civil society in the context of implementation of nation projects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.К. Левашов ◽  
◽  
Н.М. Великая ◽  
И.С. Шушпанова ◽  
В.А. Афанасьев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Social State ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
The Social

The collective monograph presents the results of the sociological monitoring "Social state and civil society in the context of the implementation of national projects", carried out within the framework of the 50th stage of the Russian sociological monitoring "How are you, Russia?" (August-September 2020), reflecting the dynamics of perception the socio-political situation in Russia by the main groups and strata of the population. The authors analyze the processes of the formation of the social state and civil society taking place in society in a pandemic, the social well-being of Russians in recent years, the dynamics of their attitude to the state, its policy, ensuring the norms of democratic development and the implementation of national projects. For researchers, analysts, teachers, postgraduates, students specializing in the study of sociopolitical processes, politicians, organizers and activists of election campaigns, management personnel.

Host State’s Defences against Conflict-Related Investment Claims

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-161
Author(s):  
Jure Zrilič
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
World War ◽  
Host State ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
General Law ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Second World

This chapter explores the defence tools that a host state can use against conflict-related investment claims. The first part analyses security exceptions which have been introduced to investment protection law after the Second World War. While it is widely believed that such exceptions provide for the most persuasive safeguard of the state’s security interests, it is argued that their effectiveness will depend on the wording of the provision, determining their scope, the degree of autonomy given to a state in responding to a security threat, and their relationship with other treaty provisions. The chapter addresses these aspects. The second part focuses on the defences in the general law of state responsibility (necessity, force majeure, and countermeasures), explaining why their potential as a defence is limited.

Social aspects of Ukrainian economy development: current state and new challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Halyna Voznyak ◽  
Iryna Zherebylo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Modern changes in the economy of Ukraine caused by the socio-political situation in the country as well as a number of initiated reforms encourage scientific exploration of the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the article is to conduct a problem-oriented analysis of the social component of the economy of Ukraine. The article presents the results of a study of socio-economic development of Ukraine during the past five years. The following areas of analysis were selected: labor markets, poverty, unemployment, income / expenditures of the population. Low growth rates of the subsistence level are proven to be causing a decrease in social standards, which negatively affects the living standards of the population in Ukraine; a significant drop in real income of the population in 2014-2015 aggravated the purchasing power of the population; the increase in the share of wages and social benefits in the structure of the population's income during the analyzed period is an indication of the excessive dependence of the population's well-being on state support, as well as the absence of the so-called middle class in the country. The visible growth in the unemployment rate is caused by the military actions in the East of Ukraine, the deepening of the financial and economic crisis and the deterioration of the socio-political situation in the country. Emphasis is placed on differentiation in wages in economic sectors. Low level of the average salary in the budget sphere is proven to be caused by the peculiarities of calculating the size of the minimum salary on the basis of the subsistence minimum, which ultimately leads to the “depreciation” of the work of employees of the budgetary sphere and the reduction of the cost of highly skilled labor. Challenges to further development of Ukraine have been identified, such as excessive unemployment, poor level of remuneration, the level of social protection, military conflict in Eastern Ukraine among the key ones.

Burundi will seek to ease its international isolation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The Political ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Fundamental Transformation ◽  
Armed Opposition Groups

Subject Burundi political outlook Significance UN Special Envoy Michel Kafando delivered a generally upbeat assessment of the political and security situation in Burundi in early August. However, the prognosis may reflect more the success of a deliberate government strategy to improve external relations than any fundamental transformation of the political situation. Impacts High tensions with Rwanda could spike, especially if insecurity flares in border areas. Armed opposition groups based in neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo may pose an increasing security threat within Burundi. Persistently high numbers of Burundian refugees will be a source of tension throughout the region.

Secretariat

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Chronic Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Made In

In his Introduction to the Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, 16 June 1965–15 June 1966 Secretary-General U Thant observed that the year under review had been a period in which the prospects for the peace and well-being of mankind suffered disappointments which seemed to outweigh once again the modest gains made in some directions. Describing the international political situation, Mr. Thant said that the cloud over Vietnam had grown larger and more ominous. The serious open conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir had calmed, but tensions had been heightened and violence had erupted elsewhere. Nuclear as well as conventional armaments developed apace. Furthermore, comparatively little happened during the year to brighten the outlook of those who occupied the two-thirds of the world where poverty, disease, ignorance, and lack of opportunity were the most conspicuous facts of daily life. Generally speaking, during this period the powerful nations did not show themselves able to overcome the suspicions, fears, and mistrust that sprang from their different ideologies and from their different conceptions of the best interests of the rest of the world; the rich nations did not rise above their concern for the continuation of their own prosperity, nor did the poor nations escape from the dead weight of their chronic poverty and their anachronistic social structures. Against such a background the international community, still incompletely represented by the United Nations, made only limited progress in those areas such as peacekeeping, disarmament, economic and social development, decolonization, and human rights where most was expected of it.

SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF RUSSIANS DURING THE SPREAD OF CORONAVIRUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Fadeeva ◽  
◽  
Nataliya M. Velikaya ◽  
Natal’ya I. Belova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
State Response ◽  
Discourse Strategies ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation

On the basis of results of the all-Russian polls executed with assis- tance of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-78-30029 “Cognitive mechanisms and discourse strategies of overcoming socio-cultural threats in historical dynamics. A multidisciplinary research”) in 2019 and in 2020, some aspects of transformation of social well-being of the population in the con- ditions of COVID-2019 pandemic were analyzed. Considering the spread of coronavirus infection as a social threat, revealing shifts in the assessment of the economic and political situation in Russia, in the self-assessment of their own well-being, confidence in the future and in the attitude to the population to power, it was concluded that the mood of citizens was shifting into a negative direction, which was determined by a number of circumstances of objective and subjective nature. The study found that the highest degree of anxiety among Russians is still caused by socio-economic issues. At the same time, the corona- virus pandemic has increased society’s demand for an adequate state response to such extreme situations. When comparing the opinions of respondents about effectiveness of the activities of regional and federal executive authorities during a pandemic, the authors come to the conclusion that regional and local authorities are growing in trust and popularity, which is associated with the transfer of responsibility for resisting coronavirus to the level of subjects of the Russian Federation.

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