scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN/AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE TO GUIDE TISSUE REMINERALIZATION OF DENTIN COLLAGEN

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-183
Author(s):  
ROSDIANA NURUL ANNISA ◽  
NILAKESUMA DJAUHARIE ◽  
ENDANG SUPRASTIWI ◽  
NORMA AVANTI
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dentin Collagen

Objective: Carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP) can replace the role of dentine matrix protein 1. Guided tissueremineralization (GTR) is a method of extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar collagen remineralization. This study analyzed the ability of CMC/ACP to achieveintrafibrillar and extrafibrillar remineralization on demineralized dentin.Methods: We divided 12 demineralized occlusal cavities into four groups: 7 days control group, 14 days control group, 7 days CMC/ACP group, and14 days CMC/ACP group. In the control group, the cavities were directly filled with temporary restoration material, while the cavities of the CMC/ACPgroups first underwent application of CMC/ACP and were then filled with temporary restoration material. All samples were stored in a 37°C shakingincubator. 12 samples were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and four were analyzed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).Results: From day 7 to day 14, there was a significant increase in calcium and phosphate levels within the CMC/APC groups. The phosphate levelswere much lower than the calcium or minerals formed on the 7th day, in the form of hydroxyapatite. TEM analysis shows that the CMC/ACP groupexhibited more intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar remineralization.Conclusion: CMC/ACP can improve the GTR process.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN ON DENTIN REMINERALIZATION WITH AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
HASTI DWI SETIATI ◽  
ENDANG SUPRASTIWI ◽  
DEWA AYU NYOMAN PUTRI ARTININGSIH ◽  
LUH PUTU TRISNA BUDI UTAMI
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Objective: Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is a non-collagenous protein analog which has a similar role as dentin matrix protein 1. CMC stabilizes amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP); hence forming nanocomplexes of CMC-ACP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CMC concentration in CMC-ACP on dentin remineralization.Methods: Cavities were formed on the occlusal surfaces of freshly extracted premolar teeth. All samples were demineralized and immersed in phosphate-buffered saline and stored in a shaking incubator at 37°C. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 was control group (no treatment), whereas Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with CMC-ACP containing 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% CMC. The remineralized layer on the dentin surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.Results: The highest dentin remineralization capacity was achieved in Group 5 (10% CMC), whereas diminishing effects were observed in Group 4 (5% CMC), Group 3 (2.5% CMC), and Group 2 (1% CMC). Although no significant differences in calcium levels were observed between 2.5%, 5%, and 10% CMC groups, phosphate levels differed significantly in all treatment groups.Conclusion: Optimal dentin remineralization was achieved by the application of CMC–ACP containing 2.5% CMC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of metallic brackets adhesion after the use of bleaching gels with and without amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP): in vitro study

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sissy Maria Mendes Machado ◽  
Diego Bruno Pinho do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Costa Silva ◽  
Sandro Cordeiro Loretto ◽  
David Normando
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Tooth Whitening

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the effects of tooth whitening using gel with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) on the bond strength of metal brackets. METHODS: Thirty-six bovine incisors were sectioned at the crown-root interface, and the crowns were then placed in PVC cylinders. The specimens were divided into 3 groups (n = 12) according to whitening treatment and type of gel used, as follows: G1 (control) = no whitening; G2 = whitening with gel not containing ACP (Whiteness Perfect - FGM), G3 = whitening with gel containing ACP (Nite White ACP - Discus Dental). Groups G2 and G3 were subjected to 14 cycles of whitening followed by an interval of 15 days before the bonding of metal brackets. Shear bond strength testing was performed on a Kratos universal test machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. After the mechanical test, the specimens were assessed to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI). The results were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey's test and Kruskal-Wallis test (5%). RESULTS: Significant differences were noted between the groups. Control group (G1 = 11.10 MPa) showed a statistically higher shear bond strength than the groups that underwent whitening (G2 = 5.40 Mpa, G3 = 3.73 MPa), which did not differ from each other. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of ARI. CONCLUSION: Tooth whitening reduces the bond strength of metal brackets, whereas the presence of ACP in the whitening gel has no bearing on the results.

Role of citrate in the formation of enamel-like calcium phosphate oriented nanorod arrays

CrystEngComm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (32) ◽  
pp. 4684-4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Carella ◽  
Lorenzo Degli Esposti ◽  
Davide Barreca ◽  
Gian Andrea Rizzi ◽  
Gianmario Martra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Nanorod Arrays

The effect of citrate on the formation of oriented fluoride doped hydroxyapatite nanorods grown on an amorphous calcium phosphate substrate was investigated.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Fluoride Varnishes on Dentin Remineralization During a Critical pH Exposure Using Quantitative X-Ray Microtomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. E308-E316
Author(s):  
A Sleibi ◽  
A Tappuni ◽  
D Mills ◽  
GR Davis ◽  
A Baysan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the amount of mineral change in demineralized dentin at pH 5.5 after the application of dental varnishes containing fluoride with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride and bioglass, or fluoride alone. Methods and Materials: A total of 12 extracted human sound mandibular premolar root samples were coated with an acid-resistant varnish, leaving a 2 × 3 mm window at the outer root surface. These root specimens were then randomly divided into four groups and separately subjected to the demineralizing cycle at a pH of 4.8 for five days to create artificial caries-like lesions in dentin. Subsequently, each sample was imaged using quantitative x-ray microtomography (XMT) at a 15-μm voxel size. Each test group then received one of the following treatments: dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride (CPP-ACP, MI varnish, GC Europe), bioglass and fluoride (BGA, Experimental, Dentsply Sirona), or fluoride alone (NUPRO, Dentsply Sirona), as well as a control group, which received no treatment. These samples were kept in deionized water for 12 hours. The thin layer of varnish was then removed. All samples including the nonvarnish group were subjected to the second demineralizing cycle at pH 5.5 for five days. The final XMT imaging was then carried out following the second demineralizing cycle. XMT scan was also carried out to varnish samples at 25 μm voxel size. The change in mineral concentration in the demineralized teeth was assessed using both qualitative and quantitative image analysis. Results: There was an increase in radiopacity in the subtracted images of all varnish groups; a significant increase in mineral content, 12% for the CPP-ACP and fluoride (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001), 25% BGA (p≤0.001), and 104% fluoride alone varnish (p≤0.001). There was an increase in the size of radiolucency in the lesion area with a significant decrease in mineral content in the nonvarnish group, 10% (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001). Conclusions: There was encouraging evidence of a remineralization effect following the application of dental varnish on dentin and also an observed resistance to demineralization during the acidic challenge in all cases. However, a dental varnish containing fluoride alone appeared to have a much greater effect on dentin remineralization when compared with CPP-ACP with fluoride and bioglass with fluoride.

Does Casein Phosphopeptid Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Provide Remineralization on White Spot Lesions and Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans?

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Aykut-Yetkiner ◽  
Nazan Kara ◽  
Mustafa Ateş ◽  
Nazan Ersin ◽  
Fahinur Ertuğrul
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Test Group ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization effect of Casein Phosphopeptid Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on white spot lesions (WSL) and its inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans colonization. Study design: The study group consisted of 60 children exhibiting at least 1-WSL. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: a test group of using CPP-ACP cream (Tooth Mousse, GC Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium) and a control group using only fluoride containing toothpaste for a period of 3-months. Baseline WSLs were scored using DIAGNOdent device (KaVo Germany) and the saliva samples were collected to measure S. mutans counts. After the 3-month period the WSLs were again recorded and the saliva sample collection was repeated. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used for statistical analysis. Results: DIAGNOdent measurements were increased by time (p=0.002) in control group and no statistically significant difference (p=0.217) was found in test group by the 3-month period. In both groups, the mutans counts were decreased in 3-month experimental period. Conclusions: These clinical and laboratory results suggested that CPP-ACP containing cream had a slight remineralization effect on the WSL in the 3-month evaluation period however longer observation is recommended to confirm whether the greater change in WSLs is maintained.

scholarly journals Role of calcium-phosphate deposition in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. C210-C220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Villa-Bellosta ◽  
Angel Millan ◽  
Víctor Sorribas
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Independent Process

In this work we are studying whether calcium phosphate deposition (CPD) during vascular calcification is a passive or a cell-mediated mechanism. Passive CPD was studied in fixed vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which calcify faster than live cells in the presence of 1.8 mM Ca2+ and 2 mM Pi. CPD seems to be a cell-independent process that depends on the concentration of calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyl ions, but not on Ca × Pi concentration products, given that deposition is obtained with 2 × 2 and 4 × 1 Ca × Pi mM2 but not with 2 × 1 or 1 × 4 Ca × Pi mM2. Incubation with 4 mM Pi without CPD (i.e., plus 1 mM Ca) does not induce osteogene expression. Increased expression of bone markers such as Bmp2 and Cbfa1 is only observed concomitantly with CPD. Hydroxyapatite is the only crystalline phase in both lysed and live cells. Lysed cell deposits are highly crystalline, whereas live cell deposits still contain large amounts of amorphous calcium. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a nanostructure of rounded crystallites of 5–10 nm oriented at random in lysed cells, which is compatible with spontaneous precipitation. The nanostructure in live cells consisted of long fiber crystals, 10-nm thick, embedded in an amorphous matrix. This structure indicates an active role of cells in the process of hydroxyapatite crystallization. In conclusion, our data suggest that CPD is a passive phenomenon, which triggers the osteogenic changes that are involved in the formation of a well organized, calcified crystalline structure.

scholarly journals Efficacy of normal saline nasal spray and gargle on SARS-CoV-2 for prevention of COVID-19 pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Chatterjee ◽  
Ajay Chakraborty ◽  
Sishir Naskar ◽  
Bibhuti Saha ◽  
Bhaswati Bandyapadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Reaction Report ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Background: Role of microaspiration of mucus mixed with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) causing pneumonia is lacking in searched literature. Recently some authors have emphasized on microaspiration. SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in nasal mucosa and sheds in nasal mucus which travels down as microaspiration and causes pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of normal saline nasal spray and gargle (NSNSG) to wash off SARS-CoV-2 from nasal and pharyngeal mucosa to prevent microaspiration and pneumonia. Methods: From RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) report, we selected 62 patients for study group and 63 patients for control, having higher virion load i.e. cycle threshold (Ct) value 25 or less. Patients in study group were trained with NSNSG. We reviewed HRCT (high resolution computed tomogram) of lung in 56 patients of both groups for severity score (SS) in lung and was compared with initial HRCTResults: Thirty out of 62 (48%) of study group significantly (p=0·01) became RT-PCR negative following NSNSG compared to 16 out of 63 patients (25%) of control. Thirty one out of 34 patients (91%) of study group either improved or inhibited progression of SS in lung HRCT. In control group, 14 out of 22 patients (63%) also showed favourable findings. Nevertheless, study group significantly improved (p=0·028) in SS.Conclusions: NSNSG is significantly efficacious to wash off SARS-CoV-2 from nasal cavity and pharynx, and to break supply chain of SARS-CoV-2 from source to prevent microaspiration in lung alveoli and pneumonia. From that phenomenon we infer that SARS-CoV-2 as a ‘surface virus’ and it seems that vaccine resistant SARS-CoV-2 and different strains of SARS-CoV-2 would be washed off with NSNSG.

A Comparative Study of Pathological Nanomineral Aggregates with Distinct Morphology in Human Aortic Atherosclerotic Plaques

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-554
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Changqiu Wang ◽  
Anhuai Lu ◽  
Kang Li ◽  
Xiao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Carbonate Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Precursor Phase ◽  
Exact Difference

Calcification exists in atherosclerotic plaques in the form of nanomineral aggregates and is closely related to the development of atherosclerosis. Spheroidal and massive calcification are two major types of calcification found in atherosclerotic tissue. However, the exact difference between these two types of calcification is still not clear. Samples composed entirely of spheroidal calcifications and massive calcifications were isolated from aortic atherosclerotic plaques and tested using both bulk and microscopic analysis techniques. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that spheroidal calcifications had a core–shell structure. Massive calcifications were composed of randomly arranged nanocrystals. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction showed amorphous calcium phosphate, whitlockite and carbonate hydroxyapatite all existing in spheroidal calcification, while massive calcification only consisted of carbonate hydroxyapatite. We conclude that amorphous calcium phosphate may act as a precursor phase of spheroidal calcifications that eventually transforms into a crystalline phase, while whitlockite in lesions could aggravate the progression of atherosclerosis.

Photodynamically Crosslinked and Chitosan-incorporated Dentin Collagen

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1346-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shrestha ◽  
S. Friedman ◽  
A. Kishen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Dentin Collagen

A lingering concern with restored root-filled teeth is the loss of structural integrity of the dentin and dentin-sealer interface over time. We hypothesized that crosslinking of dentin collagen with simultaneous incorporation of a biopolymer into collagen matrix would improve its structural stability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining chemical/photodynamic crosslinking of dentin collagen with the incorporation of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMCS) on the resistance to enzymatic degradation and mechanical properties of dentin collagen. Ninety-six demineralized dentin collagen specimens (human, n = 72; and bovine, n = 24) were prepared and crosslinked chemically/ photodynamically, with/without CMCS. Glutaraldehyde and carbodiimides were used for chemical crosslinking, while rose Bengal activated with a non-coherent light (540 nm) at 20 J/cm2 was applied for photodynamic crosslinking. The crosslinked human dentin collagen was subjected to chemical characterization, 7 days enzymatic degradation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the bovine dentin collagen was used for tensile-testing. Crosslinked collagen showed significantly higher resistance to enzymatic degradation ( p < 0.01), stable ultrastructure, and increased tensile strength ( p < 0.05). Crosslinking CMCS with collagen matrix as observed in the TEM further improved the mechanical properties of dentin collagen ( p < 0.01). This study highlighted the possibility of improving the resistance and toughness of dentin collagen by chemically/photodynamically crosslinking collagen matrix with CMCS.

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