scholarly journals STANDARDIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF BOUGAINVILLEA GLABRA

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Rakam Gopi Krishna ◽  
Raja S.
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Bougainvillea Glabra

Objective: The objective of the current study was to identify, authenticate and prevent the adulteration of the plant Bougainvillea glabra. The following physicochemical parameters such as standardization, extraction and preliminary phytochemical screening helped in correct identification of the plant Bougainvillea glabra.Methods: Standardization includes the estimation of physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying, determination of pH range, determination of total ash, determination of water soluble ash, determination of acid insoluble ash, determination of sulfated ash and determination of hot water and ethanol-extractable matter. Preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC studies for all the extracts like chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were carried out by standard methods.Results: Results of loss on drying and the total ash value were found to be 8.1+0.24 and 6.26±0.05 respectively. The result for water soluble ash was found to be 1.34+0.04. The results for acid insoluble ash and sulfated ash were found to be 1.35±0.03 and 1.10±0.07, respectively. The values for water soluble and ethanol soluble extractive parameters were found to be 23.45±1.13 and 12.32±0.41 respectively Preliminary phytochemical screening for all the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, -glycosides and steroids in Bougainvillea glabra. Major constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides were present in methanol extract. Alkaloids and flavonoids were also found in chloroform extract. The thin layer chromatography analysis of Bougainvillea glabra chloroform extract showed the presence of steroids with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.34 in benzene: ethyl acetate (85:15), chloroform: methanol (8:2) solvent systems correspondingly. The TLC analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of flavonoids with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.75 in toluene: dioxin: acetic acid (78:14:5) chloroform: acetone: formic acid (64:12.3:3.2) solvent systems, correspondingly.Conclusion: The results of standardization parameters ensure quality and purity of the plant material Bougainvillea glabra. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents like flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides. TLC studies indicated the ash value, pH determination and solubility parameters. The data obtained from the present study provide useful data which will helpful in identification and doing research work in future.

scholarly journals STANDARDIZATION OF BALAMULA CHURNA (SIDA CORDIFOLIA L. ROOT POWDER)

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
T. JYOSTNA KUMARI ◽  
G. PENCHALA PRATAP ◽  
SHYAM BABOO PRASAD ◽  
P. H. C. MURTHY ◽  
GOLI PENCHALA PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physicochemical Parameter ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Quality Detection ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Sida Cordifolia

Objective: In this study, an attempt was made to generate information based on, physicochemical parameter preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC data needed for proper identification and authentication of Balamula Churna. Methods: The physicochemical parameters such as water-soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive and loss on drying at 105 °C, total ash and acid insoluble ash were determined according to standard methods. HPTLC studies were conducted and Rf values were documented. Results: Physicochemical parameter value were documented as pH (6.81%), LOD (7.5%), water-soluble extractive value (6.32%), alcohol soluble extractive value (5.92%) total Ash (9.00%) and Acid Insoluble Ash (1.60%). Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of glycoside, alkaloid, carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid and saponin. HPTLC screening showed the presence of significant phytoconstituents with Rf value 0.02, 0.27, 0.34 and 0.96. Conclusion: All the results obtained from this study can be helpful in evaluation quality, detection of adulteration and substitution and emphasizing the importance of standardization.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical standardization of balamula churna (Sida acuta Burm.f. root powder)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Jyostna Kumari T ◽  
Penchala Pratap G ◽  
Murthy P H C ◽  
Goli Penchala Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physicochemical Parameter ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Quality Detection ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Parameter Values

 In this study, an effort was performed to produce the data on, physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening, histochemical studies, and HPTLC data required for the standardization of Balamula Churna concerning root powder of Sida acuta. The physicochemical parameters such as water-soluble extractive, alcohol soluble extractive, and loss on drying at 105 °C, total ash, and insoluble acid ash were determined according to standard methods. HPTLC studies were carried, and Rf values were documented.  Physicochemical parameter values were recorded as pH (6.73 LOD (114.2gms) water-soluble extractive value (4.48%), alcohol soluble extractive value 6.88%) total Ash (11.00%) and Acid Insoluble Ash (2.72%). Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of glycoside, alkaloid, carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, and saponin. HPTLC screening showed the occurrence of significant phytoconstituents with Rf values 0.07, 0.21, 0.54, and 0.86. The obtained results from this study can be effective in the evaluation of quality, detection of adulteration and substitution, and highlighting the importance of standardization

MICROSCOPIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (06) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
N. K Choudhary ◽  
◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
S. Goyal ◽  
J. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

In traditional system of medicine, Calotropis gigantea (Akra) has been used for treatment of various diseases. Since, there is no proper information regarding pharmacognostic parameters of flowers of this plant, our efforts were devoted to study the microscopical characters and phytochemical study of flowers of this plant. Microscopic evaluation of gynostegium, sepal/ calyx, petal, ovary and pedicel were undertaken, determination of ash and extractive values, phytochemical screening and TLC for presence of triterpenoids. The microscopic characterization of the parts of the flower i.e. gynostegium, sepal/ calyx, petal, ovary and pedicel of Calotropis gigantea was performed. The physicochemical characterization‘s gave ash values (total ash: 18.60; acid insoluble ash: 5.46; water soluble ash; 13.50) and extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform and 90% ethanol extract gave 2.4, 3.9 and 2.1% w/w, respectively. TLC of chloroform extract showed the presence of triterpenoids. The microscopic study of the flower of Calotropis gigantea give us the foot prints for further study with the presence of triterpenoids in the flowers.

scholarly journals A Study of the Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Parameters of Leaves of Mallotus rhamnifolius

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loganathan V. ◽  
Devi Kaniakumari M ◽  
Selvakumar P.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physico Chemical

India being a rich and varied collection of medicinal plants since the Vedic age. The present study deals with the phytochemical screening of Mallotus rhamnifolius leaves of extraction belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. This study includes preparedness of different extracts by successive solvent extraction of varying polarity of Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and Ethanol: water (95:5) extracts for detailed analysis. Phytochemical screening determinate by some chemical tests study was carried out for different solvent extracts. Phytochemical screening reflects existence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, phytosterols, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, flavanoids, quinones and terpenoids which may be responsible for their therapeutic effects. Different physicochemical parameters such as Loss on drying, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash and Water soluble ash were carried out as per WHO recommended physicochemical determinations and authentic phytochemical procedures. The results obtained in present study indicated Mallotus rhamnifolius leaves as a rich source of medicinally compounds and provides evidences that solvent extracts of Mallotus rhamnifolius contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as medicine for treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TLC FINGERPRINTING OF THE BARK OF CASCABELA THEVETIA L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Neelutpal Gogoi ◽  
Biman Bhuyan ◽  
Trinayan Deka
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cork Cell ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objectives: In this study, systematic pharmacognostic study and preliminary phytochemical screening of the bark of Cascabela thevetia L. were carried out. Methods: The selected plant part was collected, processed and stored in an airtight container. From the bark different pharmacognostic studies like macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, physicochemical parameters, fluorescence analysis were done. Powdered bark was successively extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus and finally macerated with the hydro-alcoholic solvent system (30:70). The preliminary phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography of the extracts were done to find the nature and number of the different phytoconstituents present. Results: Transverse microscopy reveals the presence of crystal oxalate, cork cell, starch granules, vascular bundle, phloem fiber, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Powder microscopy also showed the presence of cork cell, fiber and calcium oxalate crystal. Results obtained in different physicochemical analysis like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, and moisture content were 8.67%, 0.83%, 5.33%, 4.53%, 12.27%, and 7.83% respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, phytosterol, tannin, saponin, anthraquinone, carbohydrate and fatty acid in the different extracts. TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) study revealed 4 spots in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts and 3 spots in the Hydro-alcoholic extract with different solvent systems. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study will provide a reliable basis for identification, purity, and quality of the plant.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aji Suteja ◽  
Emmy Harso Kardhinata ◽  
Rosliana Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Screening Analysis ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography

This study aims to determine how to identify the types of secondary metabolite compounds contained in durian leaves. The study was conducted by an experimental method by identifying secondary metabolite compounds on durian leaves using phytochemical screening. The sample criteria used were the leaf buds and all the leaf strands (except the leaf bones). The results of the study showed that of the three types of durian leaves namely copper, baskets and Sp A. There are several types of secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. Phytochemical screening analysis was carried out using thin layer chromatography by showing RF values on three types of durian leaves using methanol and ethyl acetate solvents in a ratio of 3: 1. RF value on copper durian is 0.97, bakul durian is 0.95 and Sp durian. A 0.94.

scholarly journals Identification of the Secondary Metabolites and Characterization of Lagerstroemia Loudonii T. & B.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fahrauk Faramayuda ◽  
Faizal Hermanto ◽  
Ari Sri Windyaswari ◽  
Soraya Riyanti ◽  
Viola Aditya Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Bungur  (Lagerstroemia loudonii T. B) is a type of plant widely grown in Indonesia and can be found in teak forests, mixed forests, and is found as ornamental plants or protective trees on the roadside. In the fruit section, Lagerstroemia loudonii is used as antituberculous and antimalarial. On the bark, the part is used as antidiarrheal. Based on some parts of the Lagerstroemia loudonii  plants' activity data, this plant has the potential to be developed into traditional medicine. Standardized traditional medicine material is necessary to identify efficacious compounds and characterization in some parts of Lagerstroemia loudonii. The purpose of this research is to develop Lagerstroemia loudonii into traditional herbal medicine or standardized herbal medicine. Identification of efficacious compounds and characterization of crude leaf drugs, bark, stems, and fruit of Lagerstroemia loudonii. The phytochemical screening phase of the crude drugs of leaves, bark, stems, and fruit ofLagerstroemia loudonii against includes examining alkaloids, flavonoids,  quinones, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, steroids and triterpenes, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The determination of the characteristics of raw material carried out includes nonspecific parameters. Nonspecific parameters are the determination of total ash content, water-soluble ash content, acid insoluble ash content. each experiment was carried out three times and calculated the average yield and deviation.  Identification results of the class of efficacious compounds in some parts of the Lagerstroemia loudonii  plant are on the leaves and fruits containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, tannins, polyphenols, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids as well as steroids and triterpenoids. At the bark and stem, the bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, tannins, polyphenols, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Characterization results of Lagerstroemia loudonii  leaf extract total ash content 4.45 ± 0.30% w/w, water-soluble ash content 4.08 ± 0.27% w/w, acid insoluble ash content 0.59 ± 0.06% w/w, the extract specific gravity was 0.59 ± 0.063. Lagerstroemia loudonii  stem bark extract, total ash content 1.94 ± 0.12% w/w, water-soluble ash content 1.47 ± 0.03% w/w, acid insoluble ash content 0.24 ± 0.02% w/w, the extract specific gravity is 0.82 ± 0.01. Lagerstroemia loudonii  stem extract, total ash content3.18 ± 0.16% w/w, water-soluble ash content 2.36 ± 0.38% w/w, acid insoluble ash content 0.43 ± 0.07% w/w, extract specific grafity 0.81 ± 0.01. Lagerstroemia loudonii  fruit extract, total ash content 11.45 ± 1.16%w/w, water-soluble ash content 10.1 ± 1.49% w/w, acid insoluble ash content 1.46 ± 0.88% w/w,extract specific grafity 0.81 ± 0.01. Based on phytochemical screening data and the characterization of bungur plants potential to be developed into raw materials for traditional medicineKeywords: Lagerstroemia loudonii, secondary metabolite, raw material characterization

scholarly journals STANDARDISATION OF PIPALIASAVA-A POLYHERBAL FORMULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Ashiyana Mansuri ◽  
Sonal Desai
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Permissible Levels

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pipaliasava is a commercially available traditionally fermented biomedicine containing self-generated alcohol. Pipaliasava was standardised for various physicochemical and toxicological parameters using relevant modern techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pipaliasava was evaluated for organoleptic and various physicochemical properties. Alcohol content was determined by gas chromatography. The formulation was analysed for the presence of microbial contamination by microbial tests and for heavy metals by atomic emission spectroscopy. HPTLC studies were carried out for quantitative determination of gallic acid in ethyl acetate extract of the formulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The formulation was found to be mild acidic. The refractive index was found to be 1.37. The viscosity was found to be 29.2 cp. The solid content was found to be 22.05 % w/v. Water-soluble extractive value and alcohol-soluble extractive value were evaluated to be 31.664 % w/v and 30.424 % w/v. Reducing and non-reducing sugars were found to be 20.08 % w/v and 0.38 % w/v. The content of ethanol was found to be 8.29 % using GC technique. Different extracts of pipaliasava were evaluated for the presence of various phytoconstituents using respective chemical tests. The formulation showed the absence of lead and mercury and permissible levels of arsenic and cadmium. The formulation showed no presence of <em>E. coli, P. </em><em>aerugenosa</em> and<em> S. aureus</em> in the microbiological examination<em>.</em> Gallic acid content in the ethyl acetate extract of pipaliasava was found to be 0.0061 % by HPTLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Marketed pipaliasava formulation was successfully standardized as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and WHO guidelines.</p>

Water-soluble constituents of fruit. II. The separation of acids on anion-exchange resins: the isolation of l-auinic acid from Apricots

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
EFLJ Anet ◽  
TM Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydroxy Acids ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Basic Anion ◽  
Exchange Resins

Displacement chromatography on columns of strongly basic anion-exchange resins has been used to separate, isolate, and purify some water-soluble organic acids. The order of emergence of 27 acids from these columns is recorded. Using this method pure l-quinic, succinic, L-malic, and citric acids were isolated from the flesh of the apricot fruit. The method was also used for the purification of hydroxy-acids. The detection of acids on paper chromatograms with a silver nitrate reagent is described ; silver nitrate-sodium hydroxide was used to detect acids having a vic.-glycol or α-keto group. The RF values for 30 acids in two solvent systems are recorded.

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