PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TLC FINGERPRINTING OF THE BARK OF CASCABELA THEVETIA L.

Objectives: In this study, systematic pharmacognostic study and preliminary phytochemical screening of the bark of Cascabela thevetia L. were carried out. Methods: The selected plant part was collected, processed and stored in an airtight container. From the bark different pharmacognostic studies like macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, physicochemical parameters, fluorescence analysis were done. Powdered bark was successively extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus and finally macerated with the hydro-alcoholic solvent system (30:70). The preliminary phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography of the extracts were done to find the nature and number of the different phytoconstituents present. Results: Transverse microscopy reveals the presence of crystal oxalate, cork cell, starch granules, vascular bundle, phloem fiber, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Powder microscopy also showed the presence of cork cell, fiber and calcium oxalate crystal. Results obtained in different physicochemical analysis like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, and moisture content were 8.67%, 0.83%, 5.33%, 4.53%, 12.27%, and 7.83% respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, phytosterol, tannin, saponin, anthraquinone, carbohydrate and fatty acid in the different extracts. TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) study revealed 4 spots in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts and 3 spots in the Hydro-alcoholic extract with different solvent systems. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study will provide a reliable basis for identification, purity, and quality of the plant.

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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF NEPTUNIA PROSTRATA L. IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED RATS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i6.1913 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-59

Author(s):

HONEY JAJO ◽

RAJAT GHOSH

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Serum Glutamate

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the whole plant of Neptunia Prostrata L. Methods: The whole plant was collected and identified as Neptunia Prostrata L. The collected plants were shade dried and pulverized to fine powdered of particle size (#) 40. It was then defatted with petroleum ether for 24 hour and soaked with methanol and ethanol, respectively. The extracts was filtered and distilled off using a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out and thin layer chromatography study was also done. Acute toxicity study and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract using CCL4 (carbon tetra chloride) induced model was investigated. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides (saponins), flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic, steroids and terpenoids. Thin-layer chromatography of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts with their fractions using different solvents were performed by taking petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (2:8) as mobile phase system and were able to observe the presence of many spots. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Neptunia prostrata at doses till 2000 mg/kg was found safe and shows good hepatoprotective activity by showing decreased levels of serum SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) when compared with the standard drug silymarin. Conclusion: The preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol and ethanolic extract shows phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and chromatographic studies indicates the presence of several components in varying abundance. The decrease of serum bilirubin level by the methanolic extract of the plant shows hepatoprotective activity. It has confirmed the traditional claim for its use in the treatment of jaundice.

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Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr)

Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi UMA (JIBIOMA) ◽

10.31289/jibioma.v1i1.138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Aji Suteja ◽

Emmy Harso Kardhinata ◽

Rosliana Lubis

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Screening Analysis ◽

Durio Zibethinus ◽

Rf Values ◽

Layer Chromatography

This study aims to determine how to identify the types of secondary metabolite compounds contained in durian leaves. The study was conducted by an experimental method by identifying secondary metabolite compounds on durian leaves using phytochemical screening. The sample criteria used were the leaf buds and all the leaf strands (except the leaf bones). The results of the study showed that of the three types of durian leaves namely copper, baskets and Sp A. There are several types of secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. Phytochemical screening analysis was carried out using thin layer chromatography by showing RF values on three types of durian leaves using methanol and ethyl acetate solvents in a ratio of 3: 1. RF value on copper durian is 0.97, bakul durian is 0.95 and Sp durian. A 0.94.

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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis of Stem Bark Extracts of African Mistletoe Parasitic on Vitellaria paradoxa, Piliostigma thonningii and Combretum fragrans

Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research ◽

10.9734/ajacr/2019/v3i230087 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

T. Agber Cyprian ◽

Shaakaa Sewuese ◽

Linus U. Akacha

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Plant Hosts ◽

Layer Chromatography

Aim: Mistletoes are highly utilized in traditional medicine to treat different kinds of diseases such as heart diseases, diabetes and malaria, among others. The chemistry of African mistletoe is not sufficiently documented. This paper is therefore, aimed at determining the phytochemicals present in the crude extracts of mistletoe parasitic on plants that are commonly seen as hosts. Study Design: This study was designed to compare the phytochemical profiles of mistletoe stem barks obtained from different plant hosts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria, between August and September, 2018. Methodology: Powdered stem bark of mistletoe was extracted successively with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the extracts. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel precoated plates in 9:1 (hexane/ethyl acetate), 1:1 (hexane/ethyl acetate), and 7:3 (ethyl acetate/methanol) mobile phases for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts respectively. Results: The study revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins/phenols, cardiac glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids. It was evident from TLC analysis that mistletoes from various plant hosts contain similar chemical profile. Conclusion: We therefore debunk the claim by some herbalists that medicinal values of mistletoes vary due to host plant. This is the first time a study of this kind is reported on mistletoe parasitic on Vitellaria paradoxa Pilostigma thonningii, Combretum fragrans.

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Identifikasi Senyawa Tanin Pada Daun Kemuning (Murraya panicullata L. Jack) Dengan Berbagai Jenis Pelarut Pengekstraksi

Journal of Pharmacy and Science ◽

10.53342/pharmasci.v2i1.63 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Galuh Gondo Kusumo ◽

M.A. Hanny Ferry Fernanda ◽

Heppy Asroriyah

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Screening Test ◽

Human Life ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Murraya Paniculata ◽

Layer Chromatography

ABSTRAKKemuning (Murraya paniculata L. Jack) adalah salah satu kekayaan alam yang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Tanin merupakan salah satu metabolit sekunder dari kemuning yang dapat digunakan sebagai anti diare dan pelangsing. Ekstrak kemuning didapatkan dari maserasi menggunakan tiga pelarut berbeda, yaitu metanol, etanol dan etil asetat. Tannin kemudian dipisahan dari ekstrak dengan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan berbagai jenis pelarut. Hasil nalisis menunjukkan bahwa pelarut terbaik untuk mengekstraksi tanin adalah metanol dengan perolehan 23,6989 g (31,59%). Skrining fitokimia yang dilakukan menggunakan dua reagen yang berbeda menunjukkan hasil yang positif mengandung tanin. Eluenterbaik untuk analisa tanin pada penelitian ini adalah dengan n-heksan-etil asetat (6 : 4) dengan nilai Rf sebesar 0,62.Kata Kunci : kemuning (Murraya paniculata L. Jack), tannin, kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT)ABSTRACTOrange Jessamine (Murraya paniculata L. Jack) is one of the natural treasures which has many benefits for human life. Tannin is one of secondary metabolite of orange jessamine that can be used as antidiarrhoeal and body slimming. It was obtained by maceration using 3 different solvents, such as : methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. Tannins was separated from crude extract using thin layer chromatography (TLC) in different type of eluent. The analysis showed that the best solvent to extract tannin is methanol that produce of 23.6989 g (31.59%). The phytochemical screening test of the two reagents shows positif result contain tannin compound. The best eluent in this study aimed is n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6 : 4) with tannin Rf value of 0.62.Keywords: Orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata L. Jack), tannin, maceration, thin layer chromatography

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Comparative Phytochemical Profiling of Garlics (Allium sativum L.) and Onion (Alium cepa L.)

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i44b32647 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7-17

Author(s):

Siti Nor Aisyah Mohd Zawawi ◽

Nurul Izzati Osman ◽

Ibtisam Abdul Wahab ◽

Hannis Fadzillah Mohsin

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Black And White ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Layer Chromatography

Aims: This research aims to perform the extraction of garlic samples and onion as well as to carry out qualitative phytochemical screening by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and phytochemical analyses for the detection of carbohydrates, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Study Design: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and some preliminary qualitative phytochemical tests to detect the presence of carbohydrates and reducing sugars, flavonoids, and alkaloids were carried out to compare and identify the chemical compositions in black and white garlic as well as onion. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam. The whole study was conducted and completed in 12 months. Methodology: Black garlic (BG) is derived from raw white garlic (WG) that is modified by treating it with highly controlled temperature and humidity. In addition to the black and white garlic powder samples, this comparative study was also performed on smoked garlic and onion. The extraction of black garlic (BG), white garlic (WG), crushed smoked garlic (CSG), and onion was performed by using ethanol and ethyl acetate. The comparative phytochemical profiling was conducted by using TLC and qualitative phytochemical analyses were done using standard methods. Results: The presence of amino acid in the ethanolic extracts of black garlic (BG), crushed smoked garlic (CSG), and onion were detected. Ethyl acetate extracts might contain triterpene. Phytochemical screening tests showed the presence of reducing sugars and alkaloids in ethanolic extracts of black garlic (BG), while white garlic (WG) contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and a trace amount of carbohydrates. Both extracts of onion showed the presence of carbohydrate, reducing sugars and flavonoids. Meanwhile alkaloids are only detected in ethanolic extract of onion. Conclusion: The extracts of garlics and onion samples in this study had shown appreciable presence of some important phytochemical compounds in Allium species such as amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and carbohydrates.

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Phytochemical Screening and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Quantification of Vitex trifolia Leaves Hydro-alcoholic Extract: Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i28a31515 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111-121

Author(s):

Ahmad Tamim Ghafari ◽

Aisyah Hasyila Jahidin ◽

Yuslina Zakaria ◽

Mizaton Hazizul Hasan

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Hptlc Method

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Vitex trifolia (V. trifolia) leaves hydro-alcoholic extract and to report for the first time, its phenolic content using a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Study Design: Qualitative phytochemical analysis and HTLC densitometric quantitative analysis. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, from March 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively. The HPTLC analysis was performed on glass-backed 60 F254 silica gel plates using a two steps gradient elution method of the mobile phase. In the first step, methanol was used to develop the plates until 40 mm of developing distance, while in the second step, plates were developed with n-hexane:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (20:9:1, v/v/v) until 80 mm of developing distance. Detection and quantification were performed by densitometric analysis at 254 nm. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guideline in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of V. trifolia leaves hydro-alcoholic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, and terpenoids. The developed HPTLC method was proved to be linear, precise, and accurate. The LOD and LOQ of the method were determined to be 2.01 µg/band and 6.08 µg/band, respectively. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated from the standard gallic acid calibration plot and found to be 136.94 ± 4.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dried extract. Conclusion: This preliminary study revealed that V. trifolia has a considerable amount of phenolic compounds, which can potentially contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Further pharmacological investigations are being carried out to support the folkloric claims.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography Profiling of Crude Extracts from Senna Occidentalis(Leaves)

Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedical Science ◽

10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-19-2791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawal A.M ◽

Abdullahi R ◽

Ibrahim M.S ◽

Kurfi M.Y ◽

Khalid A ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Test Methods ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Layer Chromatography

Plants used for medicinal practices which were discovered since prehistoric stone ages are termed Medicinal plants, which are also referred to as medicinal herbs, since plants produces bioactive chemical compounds (phytochemicals), this research however, is concerned with the extraction using Soxhlet extraction technique, phytochemical screening using various test methods, which reveals the presence of anthraquinones (free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones), carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids/ terpenes, phenolic compounds and tannins, and absence of alkaloids for extracts of senna occidentalis and also, thin layer chromatography profiling which gives probable foundation for further structural elucidation amongst others. This research shows the presence of potent secondary metabolites present in the leaves of senna occidentalis (leaves).

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QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS, HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FINGERPRINTING, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF DIOSPYROS MONTANA (ROXB.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i2.29738 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 325-331

Author(s):

ABHIJEET V PURI

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Layer Chromatography

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate important phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of Diospyros montana Roxb. leaves belonging to the family Ebenaceae. Methods: Leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol and fractionated into petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. The various fractions were further analyzed for phytochemical composition and concentration-dependent antioxidant activity using conventional methods and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Since leaves contained phenolic compounds, extracts were evaluated for total phenolic content, flavonoids contents, and in-vitro antioxidant activity. Antioxidant potential was assessed using parameters such as superoxide radical scavenging, nitric oxide inhibition, and β-carotene/linoleic acid antioxidant activity. Results: Primitive phytochemical investigation highlighted the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins which were confirmed by TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting. The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts decreased in the following order ethyl acetate > ethanolic > chloroform > petroleum ether and it was comparable with standards such as ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the ethanolic extract and fractions of D. montana (Roxb.) leaves have prominent antioxidant activity comparable to standards. Therefore, D. montana (Roxb.) leaves may be used as a probable source of natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical industry.

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