scholarly journals STANDARDIZATION AND STABILITY EVALUATION OF DRY EXTRACTS OF MYRACRODRUON URUNDEUVA ALLEMÃO OBTAINED BY SPRAY DRIER

Author(s):  
Renata Da Silva Leite ◽  
Valmir Gomes De Souza ◽  
Agna HÉlia De Oliveira ◽  
JosÉ VenÂncio Chaves JÚnior ◽  
Islaine De Souza Salvador ◽  
...  

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>This study aimed to obtain standardised dry extracts of <em>Miracrodruon urundeuva </em>Allemão using spray-dryer and evaluate the stability of the extracts.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>It evaluated the drying parameters: Proportion of colloidal silicon dioxide (CSD) (10, 15 and 20%), inlet temperature (160, 170 and 180 °C) and feed rate (4, 6 and 8 ml/min). The study of the accelerated stability of dry extract occurred in temperature of 40 °C (±2 °C) and relative humidity of 75% (±5%) for 6 mo. The anti-inflammatory activity of the dry extract was evaluated in Swiss mice by the paw edema method.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>Variations in drying conditions did not represent significant variations in yields of the process. The drying temperature and feed rate significantly influenced the concentration of quercetin (p≤0.05). The increase in inlet temperature and feed flow promoted the increase of quercetin concentration in the extracts. The stability study showed that the concentration of quercetin in dry extract was stable over a period of 6 mo. The dry extract showed anti-inflammatory activity in mice orally.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>A condition of 10% of colloidal silicon dioxide with an 180 °C inlet temperature and a feed rate of 8 ml/min was considered the most adequate for obtaining the extracts and the drying process resulted in stable dry extracts and the quercetin was a suitable biomarker for monitoring the process.</p>

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh V. Ngo ◽  
Christopher J. Scarlett ◽  
Michael C. Bowyer ◽  
Rebecca McCullum ◽  
Quan V. Vuong

Background: S. chinensis extract contains bioactive compounds, which exhibit high antioxidant activities. However, for commercial uses, it is necessary to encapsulate the extract to protect it from degradation. Objective: This study aimed to optimise spray-drying conditions and then compare with freeze-drying to identify the most suitable conditions for encapsulation of Salacia chinensis L. root extract. Method: Three factors of spray-drying encapsulation, including maltodextrin concentration, inlet temperature and feed rate, have been tested for the impacts on the physical and phytochemical properties of S. chinensis root extract. Based on the optimal conditions, the spray-drying was then compared with freeze-drying. Results: The results showed that maltodextrin concentration, inlet temperature and feed rate had significant impacts on recovery yield, phenolics, mangiferin and antioxidant activity of the spray-dried extract. The optimal spray-drying encapsulation conditions were maltodextrin concentration of 20 %, inlet temperature of 130ºC and feed rate of 9 mL/min. Under these optimal conditions, the encapsulated extract had comparable solubility, total phenolics, mangiferin, and antioxidant activity, lower bulk density, moisture content, and water activity as compared to encapsulated extract made using the freeze-drying technique. These optimal spray-drying conditions are recommended to encapsulate the extract of S. chinensis root. Conclusion: Spray-drying was found to be more effective for encapsulation of S. chinensis root extract than freeze-drying. Therefore, spray-drying is recommended for further applications.


Author(s):  
E.N. Kurmanova ◽  
E.V. Ferubko ◽  
L.B. Strelkova ◽  
R.K. Kurmanov ◽  
O.P. Sheichenko

Змееголовник молдавский (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) в народной медицине используется в качестве противовоспалительного, ранозаживляющего, отхаркивающего и седативного средства. В ФГБНУ ВИЛАР разработан змееголовника молдавского травы экстракт сухой под условным названием «Люкатил» (сумма фенольных соединений 64,12% в пересчёте на цинарозид). Цель работы - изучение острой токсичности и противовоспалительной активности экстракта змееголовника для разработки на его основе лекарственного препарата. Методика. Проведено определение параметров острой токсичности и противовоспалительной активности экстракта. При изучении острой токсичности экстракта по методу Кербера использованы белые нелинейные мыши-самцы в количестве 30 особей. «Люкатил» вводили животным внутрижелудочно в дозах 500, 1000, 1500 и 2000 мг/кг. Для выявления противовоспалительной активности экстракта змееголовника молдавского использована in vitro ферментная биотест-система на основе индуцибельной NO-синтазы. Для выявления противовоспалительной активности экстракта in vivo использованы нелинейные мыши-самцы. Оценку влияния экстракта в дозе 200 мг/кг на экссудативную стадию воспаления проводили на модели 1% формалинового отёка. В качества препарата сравнения использовали индометацин (5 мг/кг). Формалиновый отёк вызывали однократным субплантарным введением под апоневроз задней правой лапки мыши 0,05 мл 1% формалина в качестве флогогенного агента. Величину отёка определяли по разнице в массе лапок контрольных и опытных животных и рассчитывали процент снижения степени отёка. Результаты. При однократном введении экстракт «Люкатил» не приводил к гибели животных, изменения внешнего вида и поведенческих реакций мышей не наблюдалось. В соответствии с классификацией токсичности химических веществ по ГОСТ 12.1.007-76 «Люкатил» является малотоксичным веществом. In vitro установлена высокая противовоспалительная активность экстракта, при этом остаточная активность iNOS снижалась до 25%. Экстракт в дозе 200 мг/кг in vivo обладал статистически значимым противовоспалительным эффектом. Он подавлял развитие экссудативной фазы воспаления на 33,7%, по сравнению с контрольной группой животных, уступая противовоспалительному эффекту индометацина. Заключение. Змееголовника молдавского травы экстракт сухой под условным названием «Люкатил» является малотоксичным веществом, обладает выраженным противовоспалительным эффектом в опытах in vitro, in vivo и является перспективным объектом для дальнейшего фармакологического изучения в качестве противовоспалительного лекарственного средства.Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, expectorant, and sedative means. In our Institute, a Moldavian dragonhead herb dry extract (total phenolic content, 64.12% in cynaroside equivalent) was developed and conventionally named Lyukatil. Objective. To study acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the dragonhead extract for developing a drug based on this extract. Method. Parameters of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the extract were assessed. The study of acute toxicity of the extract was performed using the Kerber method on male white mongrel mice (n=30). Lyukatil was administered to the animals intragastrically at doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 1500 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activity of the Moldavian dragonhead extract was determined in vitro using an enzyme Biotest system based on inducible NO synthase. Mongrel male mice were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract in vivo. The effect of the extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg on the exudative phase of inflammation was evaluated on a model of 1% formalin-induced edema. Indomethacin 5 mg/kg was used as a reference drug. Formalin edema was induced by a single subplantar injection of 0.05 ml of 1% formalin as a phlogogenic agent under the aponeurosis of the right hind leg. The degree of edema was determined by the difference in leg weights in control and experimental animals; then the decrease in edema was calculated in per cent. Results. A single administration of the extract Lyukatil did not cause death of animals, changes in the appearance or in behavioral responses, shortness of breath, or drowsiness. In accordance with the toxicity classification for chemical substances as per GOST Standard 12.1.007-76, Lyukatil is a low-toxic substance. The extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect as shown by suppression of the exudative phase of formalin-induced inflammation by 33.7% compared to the control group. However, this effect was inferior to the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin. Conclusions. The Moldavian dragonhead herb dry extract under the conventional name of Lyukatil is a low-toxic substance that has a significant anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo and is a promising target for further pharmacological studies as an anti-inflammatory drug.


INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (09) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
M. R Elayaraja Krishnan ◽  
◽  
R. Vijaya Kanth ◽  
S. Muthu Pandi

In our present study, various concentrations of pet ether extract of whole plant of Hyptis suaveolens were prepared and subjected for anti arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro methods. The antiarthritic activity was carried out by bovine serum albumin denaturation paradigm. The results showed that the pet ether extract (44.51%) showed excellent arthritic activity when compared to the standard diclofenac sodium (31.44%) at 2000μg/mL. Meanwhile, in the anti-inflammatory paradigm, the same extract (99.10%) showed excellent activity than the standard diclofenac sodium (73.80%) at 2000μg/ mL by restoring the stability of degraded red blood corpuscles. In both the paradigms, increase in concentration of the extract increases the action potential against the methanol degradation of bovine albumin and HRBC.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Afshar Moghaddam ◽  
Abdul Ahad ◽  
Mohd. Aqil ◽  
Farhan J. Ahmad ◽  
Yasmin Sultana ◽  
...  

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to develop and characterize nano-ethanolic liposomes (NEL) for transdermal delivery of ibuprofen (IBU). The NEL for transdermal delivery of IBU were prepared by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for vesicle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, transdermal flux, andin vivoanti-inflammatory activity in Wistar rats. The NEL optimized formulation (NEL-Opt) presented vesicle sizes of 32.85±1.98 nm and entrapment efficiency of 86.40±0.55% with improved transdermal flux. The presence of ethanol and flexibility of NEL could be the reasons for better permeation enhancement of IBU via rat’s skin.In vivoanti-inflammatory study of IBU-loaded NEL-Opt gel showed significant reduction (41.18%) of edema in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema as compared to conventional gel of IBU, where reduction of edema was found to be 12.50%. Our results suggest that developed NEL formulations are efficient systems for transdermal IBU delivery against inflammation. The stability study confirmed that the NEL-Opt gel formulation was considerably stable at refrigerator temperature. Our results concluded that NEL are an efficient carrier for transdermal delivery of IBU.


2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richie Mac Donald ◽  
Sabrina Santana Camargo ◽  
Christiane Meyre-Silva ◽  
Nara Lins Meira Quintão ◽  
Valdir Cechinel Filho ◽  
...  

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Martín-Diana ◽  
Irene Tomé-Sánchez ◽  
María Jesús García-Casas ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga ◽  
Juana Frías ◽  
...  

Wheat bran (WB) is a byproduct from the milling industry that contains bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. The aim of this work was on the one hand, increasing extractability of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds (specifically ferulic acid, FA), through enzymatic hydrolysis combined with hydrothermal treatment (HT) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). On the other hand, enhancing the stability of final ingredient applying spray-drying (SPD) and microencapsulation (MEC). The use of HT increased FA, total phenolics (TP), and antioxidant capacity (AC) in WB hydrolysates, regardless the HT duration. However, the HT tested (30 min, HT30) produced a loss in anti-inflammatory activity (AIA). The combination of HT (15 min, HT15) with HHP increased AIA of the WB. SPD enhanced the TP yield in WB with no significant effect of inlet temperature (up to 140 °C) on phenolic profile mainly composed of trans-FA and smaller amounts of cis-FA and apigenin diglucosides. SPD caused a temperature-dependent increase in AC (160 °C > 140 °C > 130 °C). SPD inlet temperatures affected total solids yield (from 22 to 36%), with the highest values at 140 °C. The use of HHP in combination with HT resulted in >2-fold increase in total solids yield.


Author(s):  
B. Veeraswami ◽  
V. M. K. Naveen

In this paper a comprehensive study of stability related, and evidence based best practices of Bio-analytical stability on Bendroflumethiazide drug samples are studied. The proposed approach is very significant and essential for the drugs development process address the specify the acceptancy, purity, efficacy, prediction of strength and quality of the drugs. The stability study constituents several methods like Bench-Top, Auto-sampler, Freeze-Thaw, Dry-extract, Wet-extract, Short-term, long-Term stability studies at relative intervals results the complete stability information about the drug under the proposed and validated method. There ported out comes of this methos shows this drug have good stability according to ICH guidelines.


Author(s):  
Obanewa Opeyemi Adegbenro ◽  
Oyeniran Taiwo Opeyemi

Emulgel is one of the emerging topical drug delivery system for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs which overcome various disadvantages of ointments and creams such as greasiness and phase inversion. Etoricoxib is poorly aqueous soluble Non steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID). It is used in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute gouty arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, low back pain, acute postoperative pain, and primary dysmenorrheal. Its oral delivery is associated with greater chance of adverse effects or therapeutic failure and large amount of drug is lost in the vicinity of the target organ. Also oral administration of etoricoxib causes gastro-intestinal irritation. The aim of the present study was to develop an emulgel formulations using the gelling agent like Carbopol 934 and HPMCK4M with emulsifiers like Span 20 and Tween 20. Six emulgel formulations were developed and evaluated on different parameters like physical appearance, pH, viscosity, extrudability, drug content, spreadability, In-vitro diffusion studies, and skin irritation test. Best formulation of batch EG1 was further evaluated for stability study and anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat paw edema. Anti-inflammatory effect of formulation EG1 was compared with standard market product Indomethacin.


2018 ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. Popadynets ◽  
A. R. Grycyk ◽  
T. P. Mandzii

For pharmacological correction of inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are traditionally used. The mechanism of action of most of these drugs is related to the ability to suppress the synthesis of prostaglandins by blockade of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Because the world is saved increased interest in finding new drugs, possibly with unconventional mechanism of action and, of course, with minimal side effects. Perspective in this respect are substances of vegetable origin - pine extracts of ordinary. Objects of the study: water extract from pine sylvestris, alcohol extract (70%) from pine sylvestris. Acute toxicity of dry extract of common pine was determined according to toxicological classification of Sydorov K. K. (1973). Experimental research of acute toxicity was performed according to the method of Prozorovskii V. К. and co-authors (1983). Nonlinear rats of both sexes were involved in the experiment. Observation of the animals was conducted during 14 days. According to the results of research the extract of common pine is classified as the substance of the 5-th toxic class practically non-toxic. The anti-inflammatory activity of common pine extracts was determined on the model of inflammation of the rat paw. For morphological studies were carried fence organs: heart, liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs. Preparation of organs for the research was performed according to the generally accepted in morphology. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Research results were processed using the statistical package of program «STATISTICA®  for Windows 10.0» (StatSoft Inc.). The estimation of authenticity of differences of average value was conducted using the Student’s t- criterion. Changes were considered reliable at р ≤ 0.05. The results of the study of acute toxicity of dry extract of Scots pine (LD50 > 6 000 mg/kg). Allowed to carry this extract, according to the generally accepted classification of K. Sidorov's toxicity to the fifth grade - practically non-toxic. When conducting histological studies it was found that the surface of the liver, kidneys and adrenals is smooth. Color, shape, size of organs is normal. Pancreas is grayish-pink in color. The spleen is full-blooded, supple. Slime shell of the stomach with a pronounced relief of the folds. The intestinal mucosa is unchanged. In the thoracic cavity, all the organs of sowing are anatomically correct. The heart muscle on the incision is dark red, the airway sheets of the pleura are not changed. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was shown is manifested by the water-alcoholic extract of common pine, which suppressed the inflammatory reaction on 6,5% after 5 hours.


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