scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PECTIN-CALCIUM CHLORIDE BEADS OF AZATHIOPRINE FOR COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir A Atara ◽  
Moinuddin M Soniwala
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Eudragit S100 ◽  
Calcium Pectinate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: Calcium pectinate is an insoluble hydrophilic material used for sustained release delivery. The objective of the study was formulation and evaluation pectin-calcium chloride beads of azathioprine.Methods: Calibration curves of azathioprine were prepared in 0.1N HCl solution (pH-1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH-6.8 and pH-7.4). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine compatibility between azathioprine and excipients. Formulation and optimization of calcium-pectinate beads were performed. The coating of the optimized batch was performed with eudragit S100. Micrometric properties, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro azathioprine release, and stability study was performed. Dissolution kinetic study was assessed for various kinetics models of the optimized batch. The Wilcoxon test followed by the Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests were performed between uncoated and coated beads in vitro dissolution profile of optimized batch in 0.1N HCl after 2 h.Results: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry had identical peaks with that of pure azathioprine in compatibility study. Scanning electron microscopy of an uncoated optimized batch of beads indicated the smooth and uniform surface of prepared beads. Eudragit S100 coating was decreased release of azathioprine release in 0.1N HCl after 2 h (p = 0.049, q = 3.533). Korsmeyer/Peppa's model was applied with release exponent higher than 1. In vitro percentage cumulative azathioprine release was identical before and after stability study.Conclusion: Calcium pectinate beads of azathioprine, a multi-particulate dosage form using pH-dependent approaches were prepared.

scholarly journals Pembentukan Kokristal Asam Usnat – N-Methyl-DGlucamine dengan Metode Penguapan Pelarut dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Penurunan Interleukin-8 pada Tikus Inflamasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Muthia Fadhila ◽  
Salman Umar ◽  
Erizal Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pada penetitian ini pembentukan kokristal asam usnat-N-methyl-D-glucamine bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan laju disolusi asam usnat serta uji efektivitasnya dalam kadar IL-8 pada tikus inflamasi. Kokristal asam usnat–N-methyl-D-glucamine dibuat dengan perbandingan 1:1 ekuimola dengan metode penguapan pelarut menggunakan etanol. Karakterisasi sampel dilakukan dengan difraksi sinar-X, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Evaluasi kokristal yang dilakukan mencakup uji kelarutan, uji laju disolusi, dan penentuan kadar interleukin-8 (IL-8) pada tikus inflamasi. Uji kelarutan dilakukan menggunakan pelarut air suling bebas CO2 sedangkan uji laju disolusi menggunakan media air suling bebas CO2 0.25% (b/v) sodium lauril sulfat (SLS), kedua larutan uji dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Pemeriksaan IL-8 tikus inflamasi menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil karakterisasi difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan profil difraktogram yang berbeda dari komponen penyusun yang mengindikasikan terbentuknya fase kokristal. Hasil termogram DSC menunjukkan adanya puncak endotermik baru yang berbeda dengan kedua komponen penyusun. Spektrum FT-IR menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran bilangan gelombang pada spektrum kokristal dibandingkan spektrum asam usnat dan N-methyl-D-glucamine. Analisis SEM menunjukkan perubahan morfologi partikel. Kelarutan dan laju disolusi kokristal meningkat secara signifikan (P<0,05) sebanyak 24 kali dan 23 kali dibandingkan dengan senyawa asam usnat murni. Kokristal dapat menurunkan kadar IL-8 pada tikus inflamasi yang setara dengan aktivitas antiinflamasi asetosal (P<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa koristal asam usnat - N-methyl-D-glucamine dapat meningkatkan kelarutan, laju disolusi, dan menurunkan kadar IL-8 tikus inflamasi.

Analysis of Novel Structure of EVA/Hemp Stem Powder Foam Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Xin Min Hao ◽  
Wen Juan Ma ◽  
Ge Gan ◽  
Peng Cheng Zhao ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Compound System ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper introduces the study of structure on EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate)/hemp stem powder compound system. The micro behavior of EVA/hemp system was measured by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and its thermal properties were measured by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry ). It indicates that hemp stem core has entered into EVA foaming system successfully when measured by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared).

scholarly journals The method of obtaining polymer masterbatches based on polylactide with carbon filler

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
D Kaczor ◽  
K Bajer ◽  
G Domek ◽  
A Raszkowska-Kaczor ◽  
P Szroeder
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The method of obtaining polymer composites with a graphite filler using a kneading mixer was presented. The best mixing parameters (rotational speed and temperature) were determined, allowing to obtain composites with the best filler dispersion in the polymer matrix. A series of graphite/polylactide (PLA) masterbatches were made. The following composites tests were performed: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The value of the mass melt flow rate (MFR) was also determined. It was observed that the best homogenization were obtained for samples mixed at a speed of 40-50 rpm and at a temperature of 180-190°C.

Research on compatibility and surface of high impact bio-based polyamide

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110055
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Yuhan Xu ◽  
Xiucai Liu ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
High Impact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The super-tough bio-based nylon was prepared by melt extrusion. In order to improve the compatibility between bio-based nylon and elastomer, the elastomer POE was grafted with maleic anhydride. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to study the compatibility and micro-distribution between super-tough bio-based nylon and toughened elastomers. The results of mechanical strength experiments show that the 20% content of POE-g-MAH has the best toughening effect. After toughening, the toughness of the super-tough nylon was significantly improved. The notched impact strength was 88 kJ/m2 increasing by 1700%, which was in line with the industrial super-tough nylon. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the crystallization behavior of bio-based PA56, and the effect of bio-based PA56 with high crystallinity on mechanical properties was analyzed from the microstructure.

scholarly journals Effect of the dispersion of the chromophore on the optical performances of polarizers from polyethylene and 5”-thio- (3-butyl)nonyl-2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene

e-Polymers ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pucci ◽  
Letizia Moretto ◽  
Giacomo Ruggeri ◽  
Francesco Ciardelli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Affine Deformation ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA new polyethylene-compatible terthiophene chromophore, 5”-thio-(3- butyl)nonyl-2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene, with melting point lower than 0°C was prepared and used for linear polarizers based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy indicate that the new chromophore is dispersed uniformly in films of UHMWPE obtained by casting from solution. The films show excellent dichroic properties (dichroic ratio 30) at rather low drawing ratio (≈ 20) . Moreover, qualitative agreement is observed with the Ward pseudo-affine deformation scheme.

Preparation of Borosilicate Xerogel and Research on its Mineralization

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 2059-2062
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Ya Dong Li ◽  
Gu Qiao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tributyl borate was first adopted for the introduction of boron in the preparation of bioactive borosilicate xerogel by sol-gel method. The xerogel reacted continuously in 0.25M K2HPO4 solution with a starting pH value of 7.0 at 37 °C for 1day. The structural, morphologies and compositional changes resulting from the conversion were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that speed of formation of HA was cut way back on the time with the addition of boron and the induction period for the HA nucleation on the surface of the borosilicate xerogel was short than 1 days. The conversion mechanism of the borosilicate xerogels to hydroxyapaptite was also discussed.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Padamarang Magnesite under Calcination and Hydrothermal Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutia Dewi Yuniati ◽  
Feronika Cinthya Mawarni Putri Wawuru ◽  
Anggoro Tri Mursito ◽  
Iwan Setiawan ◽  
Lediyantje Lintjewas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Magnesite (MgCO3) is the main source for production of magnesium and its compound. In Indonesia, magnesite is quite rare and can be only found in limited amount in Padamarang Island, Southeast Sulawesi Provence. Thus the properties of magnesite and the reactivity degree of the obtained product are of technological importance. The aim of this work was to analyze the characteristics of Padamarang magnesite under calcination and hydrothermal treatment processes. The processes were carried out at various temperatures with range of 150-900°C for 30 minutes. The solids were characterized with respect to their chemical and physical properties by using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM image indicates that magnesite was formed from thin and flat hexagon sheets. The FTIR and XRD analysis disclose that MgO formed at temperature above 300°C, where as the magnesite sample also lost its mass around 50%. These results demonstrate that Padamarang magnesite decomposes to magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperature.Magnesit (MgCO3) merupakan sumber utama untuk produksi magnesium dan senyawa-senyawanya. Di Indonesia, magnesit cukup jarang dan hanya dapat ditemukan dalam jumlah yang terbatas di Pulau Padamarang, Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Oleh karena itu sifat magnesit dan derajat reaktivitas dari produk-produk magnesit penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik magnesit Padamarang dengan perlakuan kalsinasi dan hidrothermal.  Proses dilakukan pada temperatur yang bervariasi dari 150-900°C selama 30 menit. Sifat kimia dan fisika dari magnesit dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan scanning electron microscopy dengan energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dan X-ray diffraction (XRD). Gambar dari analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa magnesit terbentuk dari lembaran-lembaran heksagonal yang tipis dan datar. Hasil analisis dengan FTIR dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa MgO terbentuk pada temperatur diatas 300°C, dimana sampel magnesit juga kehilangan massanya sekitar 50% pada suhu tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Magnesit Padamarang terdekomposisi menjadi magnesium oksida dan karbon dioksida pada temperatur tinggi.

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