scholarly journals «Люди ехали и верили: город будет!». К истории становления Элисты как города в 1928–1930 годах

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-777
Author(s):  
Altana M. Lidzhieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Early History ◽  
Local Memory ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Architecture ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The article deals with the early history of Elista as a city, and makes a first attempt to anthropologically compare urban space at the initial stage of the city’s history to its current conditions. Goals. The paper examines the first and key stage in the formation and development of Elista as center of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast. Materials. The bulk of analyzed sources are documents contained in the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. Results. The work concludes that the preservation of old buildings to date is a representation of the city’s local memory. As is shown, the preservation of historical architecture proved crucial to such a representation.

Sociocultural History of Rio de Janeiro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cruz Terra ◽  
Marcelo de Souza Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociocultural History ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Associations ◽  
The City

The city of Rio de Janeiro underwent profound changes between 1870 and the early 20th century. Its population grew dramatically, attracting migrants not only from abroad but also from other regions of Brazil. It also expanded significantly in size, as the construction of trolley and railway lines and the introduction of real estate capital powered the occupation of new areas. Meanwhile, urban reforms aimed at modernization transformed the social ways in which urban space was used. During this period, Rio de Janeiro went from being the capital of the Brazilian Empire to being the capital of the Brazilian Republic. It nevertheless maintained its position as the cultural, political-administrative, commercial, and financial center of the country. Against this backdrop of change, the city was an important arena for the political struggles that marked the period, including demonstrations in favor of abolition and the republic. Rio de Janeiro’s citizens were not inert during this period of transformation, and they found various ways to take action and fight for what they understood to be their rights. Protests, demands, petitions, and a vibrant life organized around social and political associations are examples of the broad repertoire used by the city’s inhabitants to gain a voice in municipal affairs. Citizens’ use of public demands and petitions as a channel to communicate with the authorities, and especially with city officials, shows that while they did not necessarily shun formal politics, they understood politics to be a sphere for dialogue and dispute. The sociocultural history of Rio de Janeiro during this period was therefore built precisely through confrontations and negotiations in which the common people played an active role.

“…I AM CONVINCED THAT THERE WILL BE A KABARDIAN AUTONOMOUS OKRUG AND I WILL SUPPORT THE WILL Of THE WORKERS”. DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS ON THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE KABARDINSKY DISTRICT FROM THE MOUNTAIN ASSR IN 1921

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
A.G. KAZHAROV ◽  
◽  
M.S. TAMAZOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Interest ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

The published documents were found in the archives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. These are the materials of the meetings of the Soviet and party authorities of the Mountain Republic, which were devoted to the discussion of the problem of Kabarda's secession from the polyethnic mountain autonomy. The Kabardian problem was discussed several times by the leadership of the Mountain Republic in June 1921 before and after the congress of the peoples of Kabarda that took place this month. The minutes of the meetings have not yet been published in the published thematic collections of documents dedicated to the history of the nation-building of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The documents contribute to the understanding of the position of the statesmen of the Mountain Republic on the formation of new autonomous units and the identification of the concrete historical content of these processes. The protocols make it possible to reconstruct the process of not only the disintegration of the collective mountain statehood, but also make it possible to clarify important points in the history of its creation. Party and Soviet leaders often returned to the problems of the initial stage of the formation of the Mountain Republic. Further study of the problems of the formation of a system of national autonomies in the North Caucasus in recent times will largely depend, including on the introduction of new documents into scientific circulation and their interpretation by a wide range of researchers. In this regard, the published documents and materials are of great scientific interest.

Capital Yerevan during the years of the RA independence (1991-2018)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edik Minasyan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Third Republic ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sister Cities

The work presents a complete scientific research on the history of Yerevan in the period of the Third Republic of Armenia (1991-2018). The analysis of the materials of the RA National Archive, various press and other relevant literature shows the process of the establishment of the RA independent statehood, the socio-political, socio-economic-cultural life of Yerevan, the role of capital in the administrative-political system of the republic, its comprehensive assistance to Artsakh, foreign relations, including sister cities, international organizations and structures. The book is addressed to historians, political scientists, those interested in Yerevan’s history, and wide range of readers in general. (in Armenian).

Early History of the Meru of Mt Kenya

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Fadiman
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Early History ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of

The Meru are a people who live on and adjoining the N.E. slope of Mt. Kenya. Their oral traditions, collected from the oldest living members, suggest that the group originated on Manda Island, part of an archipelago off the Kenya Coast. During the early 1700s their ancestors were conquered by a neighbouring people, probably Arabs from one of the nearby trading principalities. In consequence, the Meru chose to flee.Existing evidence suggests that their subsequent period of migration lasted approximately thirty years. During the initial stage, they crossed the River Tana, somewhere near its mouth, then followed its southern bank inland. Later, the group left the river and moved northwest through a basically arid region, where water was obtainable only from seasonal rivers or swamps. Initially, the migrants moved northward, crossing these wet areas. Subsequently, when changing ecological conditions forced them westwards, they followed one of the seasonal river systems to the foothills of Mt. Kenya.Available data provides little to link the Meru experience with other migratory trends. There is no evidence, for instance, to connect it either with the Bantu migrations from Shungwaya (S. Somalia) or that of Kikuyu-speaking peoples towards Mt. Kenya. Further research will be required to resolve the problem.

scholarly journals From the Epistolary Heritage of the Poet Ivan A. Kostin: Correspondence with V. I. Malyshev and I. N. Zavoloko

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 132-168
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Pigin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
National Archive ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Greeting Cards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article presents a study and publication of the correspondence of the poet Ivan Alekseevich Kostin (1931–2015) from Petrozavodsk with the archaeographer Vladimir Ivanovich Malyshev (1910–1976), who held a Doctor of Sciences degree in Philology, and the Old Believer writer and educator Ivan Nikiforovich Zavoloko (1897–1984). The correspondence includes letters and greeting cards (30 in total) from the 1970s to the early 1980s. They are currently stored in the Manuscript Division of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom) of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, the Archive of the Grebenshchikov Old Believer Congregation in Riga, the National Museum of the Republic of Karelia in Petrozavodsk, and the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia, also in Petrozavodsk. Kostin’s letters to Malyshev reveal how the Petrozavodsk poet aided Malyshev in collecting manuscripts for the Ancient Manuscripts Repository (Drevlekhranilishe) in the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom). The correspondence between Kostin and Zavoloko concerns the history and culture of the Old Believers, the Vygoleksinsky monastery, and the Zaonezhye, and issues pertaining to literary activity and academic studies. The letters make a valuable addition to Kostin’s memoirs about Malyshev and Zavoloko. The article also covers the history of Kostin’s poem dedicated to Archpriest Avvakum. The letters, published in the appendix to the article, are accompanied by comments.

scholarly journals On the Path Toward the Establishment of the National Theater of Kalmykia

ICONI ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Olga I. Kulapina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Theater Music ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
National Theater ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mass Entertainment ◽  
Interesting Event

The development of informational technologies makes it possible to expand to a considerable degree the domain of the unexplored, revealing new, at times unusual, remarkable and unexpected facts, for example, from the past history of our country, from the history of the formation of its national cultures. One such discovery may be deemed to be the information about the initial stage of work on the establishment of the national theater of Kalmykia. The reader’s familiarization with this interesting event is what comprises the goal of the present article. Its content includes information about the preparation and the realization of the grandiose theatrical premiere of the performance of “Ulan-Sar” — an original mass entertainment event which united theater, music and choreography with ethnography and folklore. Since the performance possessed an interregional status, the article lists the cities and organization which massively participated in this large-scale event, as well as its organizers. A special place is taken by information about the critical-analytical article of professor, Doctor of Philological Sciences, folklorist Alexei Smirnov-Kutachesky (1876 – 1958) devoted to detailed study of this production. Mention is also made of the tragic fate of its author, Sandzhi Kalyayev (1905 – 1985), a great enthusiast, the organizer and fi rst director of the national theater of Kalmykia, subsequently the fi rst people’s poet of the republic.

Sources on Regulatory Activity of the Inorodtsy Local Self-Government Agencies in the South of Russia in the 19th - Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Irina V. Lidgieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
The South ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article analyses public censure as a source of regulatory activity of the inorodsty (non-Russian indigenous ethnicities) local authorities in the South of Russia in the 19th – early 20th century. Integration of nomadic peoples in the all-Empire legal and economic sphere made provisions for continuation of some common law institutions. Among these were local self-government bodies. Local self-government activities in indigenous societies incorporate practices of representative democracy within the framework of customary and positive law and also interactions between state and society, all of which has much relevance to this day and age. Assembly (skhod) produced public censure that included purview with majority decision. Most sources come from the State archive of Stavropol Region and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. General and special scientific research methods assess public censure as a source on the history of the inorodsty in the South of Russia in the 19th – early 20th century. The form of sentence was not fixed by law, and yet content analysis of documentary materials from the State Archive of the Stavropol Region and the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia concludes that it remained unchanged throughout the 19th – early 20th century. Content of public censure allows to reconstruct the spectrum of issues put before the assembly and to classify them by topic: legal, social, and financial and economic. The author concludes that verdicts of the inorodsty societies of the period, as legal acts of local significance and great information value, are one of the main sources on socio-political and socio-economic history of the region.

scholarly journals ‘… The “Popularity” of Doctors Should Not Be the Sole Reason for Their Arrest as Hostages’: The Red Terror of Autumn 1918 in Documents from the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia

2018 ◽  
pp. 809-820
Author(s):  
Alexandr M. Pashkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Committee ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Archive ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
White Terror ◽  
Control Of Epidemics

September 2018 will see the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the Bolshevik Red Terror, first announced on September 2, 1918. Although in Russia in the last 20 years there have been published some valuable synthesis works on the history of the Red Terror of 1918, many details, especially of its realization at the local level, remain little-studied. The National Archive of the Republic of Karelia stores in its fond R-460 ‘Petrozavodsk City Soviet’ a file entitled ‘Excerpts from the minutes of the Olonets Gubernia Revolutionary Executive Committee and Military Commissariat meetings; correspondence with the gubernia Emergency Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage on arrests of hostages in response to the “White Terror,” etc.’ Virtually, the file contains documents on the realization of the Red Terror in Petrozavodsk in autumn 1918. The documents implicate that in realization of the Red Terror at least three organizations were involved: Olonets gubcheka (gubernia Emergency Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution), Petrozavodsk City Soviet, and Olonets gubernia revolutionary tribunal. Thus, headcount of the Red Terror victims should include alongside with persons executed by the VChK, those sentenced by other authorities and those who fell victim to extrajudicial execution. Besides documents on realization of the Red Terror in Petrozavodsk, the file stores command papers from the centre. For instance, the article cites telegram from People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs Gregory Petrovsky to all ‘Sovdeps’ (Soviets of deputies) of September 26, 1918. It avowed arresting doctors as hostages because of their ‘popularity’ and clarified that arrests predicated on nothing more than ‘popularity’ were unwarrantable, as gubernia doctors were ‘the most popular element’ and their mass arrests could ‘disorganize only just set going medical and sanitary activities in the gubernias, particularly, control of epidemics.’ Thus, the telegram confirms a very important fact: typically or by chance, in autumn 1918 not just active opponents of the Bolsheviks, their sympathizers or families members, but anyone enjoying authority and respect could fall victim to the Red Terror.

scholarly journals Антропонимы в письмах хана Аюки и их русских переводах: предварительный анализ

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-508
Author(s):  
Galina M. Yarmarkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. Anthroponyms contain valuable insights into the history of ethnic language and culture. The historical aspect of anthroponymy needs further research to reconstruct a wider panorama of the ethnos-specific anthroponymic system. Goals. The article seeks to consider the anthroponymic elements of Khan Ayuka’s letters in comparison with parallel Russian translated equivalents of theirs. Comparison of the Kalmyk and Russian texts makes it possible to trace traditions of naming people in different ethnocultural societies, thus revealing materials for a Kalmyk 18th-century name list. Methods and Materials. The paper analyzes 1714 letters of the Kalmyk Khan Ayuka and their Russian translations (referred to 1714 as well) housed by the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. The personal names considered identified through the use of the continuous sampling method. The main research methods employed are the descriptive and comparative ones, and that of contextual analysis. The analyzed texts contain not only Kalmyk anthroponyms but also ones borrowed from other languages, which resulted from socio-political contacts with different peoples and states. Along with Russian, there are Kazakh, Tatar, Khiva, Turkmen, and other anthroponyms. Still, the article focuses on Kalmyk anthroponymic elements. Conclusions. Anthroponymy of each ethnos in each era has its own characteristics. In this regard, the material contained in the official correspondence of Khan Ayuka restores part of the Kalmyk anthroponymic register typical for the 1700–1720s. Restoration of the name list in diachrony requires both original texts and their Russian translations be used, since anthroponyms mentioned in the original documents and translated texts complement each other, which may indicate regularity, reproducibility of such personal names.

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