scholarly journals Семантика цветообозначения хар ‘черный’ в фольклорном тексте: лингвокультурологический аспект (на примере калмыцких сказок в записи Г. Й. Рамстедта)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Aleksandra T. Bayanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Color Term ◽  
Black Man

Introduction. The article analyzes semantic components and variants of the Kalmyk color term хар ‘black’ in folklore texts. Goals. The study investigates semantics of the color term хар ‘black’ in a linguocultural perspective. Materials. The work explores Kalmyk folktales recorded by the Finnish scholar G. J. Ramstedt during his scientific expedition to the Kalmyk Steppe. Results. The analysis reveals six shades of black and sums up its semantic constituents and variants. Special emphasis is laid on the applied Kalmyk-to-German translation means. Conclusions. The lexeme хар ‘black’ is distinguished by extensive semantics. It serves to denote animal coat and human skin colors. In personal names, it has the meaning of ‘strong, enduring’. The word can also identify an individual’s social status, e.g., хар яста күн ‘commoner’ (lit. ‘a black-boned man’). In most cases the lexeme хар ‘black’ contains negative connotations. The color black designates chthonian symbols (хар цурх ‘black pike’, хар темән ‘black camel’, ут хар күн lit. ‘tall (long) black man’).

scholarly journals Семантические особенности цветообозначения улан ‘красный’ в калмыцком языке и способы его перевода на немецкий язык (на примере калмыцких сказок в записи Г. Й. Рамстедта)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Aleksandra T. Bayanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Color Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Intuition ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Introduction. Color terms constitute a most archaic lexical stratum of any language. Being characterized by vivid ethnocultural specifics, those serve as important elements to the linguistic view of the world. Goals. The paper seeks to analyze semantic features of the Kalmyk color term улан ‘red’ and its German translation equivalents. Materials and Methods. The work explores Kalmyk folktales recorded by the Finnish scholar G. J. Ramstedt during his 1903 scientific expedition to the Kalmyk Steppe. The analysis of the color term comprises both general research methods and specifically linguoculturological ones, such as linguoculturological and conceptual insights into folklore texts. Results. Impacts of color in world perception of the Kalmyks — just as for any other nation — are diverse enough. The folktale texts recorded by G. J. Ramstedt contain a total of five shades of the color, the lexeme улан ‘red’ being largely characterized by positive semantics. German translation variants are not always complete semantic equivalents of the color term which results from that color denoting lexemes — and those of red in particular — are integral to a certain ethnic worldview, this leading to some ambivalence of the color under study. Conclusions. The lexeme улан ‘red’ in its first nominative meaning denotes a color of an object, e.g., red proper, scarlet, ruddy, etc. In the Kalmyk language, it also serves to denote the prototypic color of blood and is often used to describe animal coat colors. The Finnish scholar employed different German translation means. In most cases, the selection of translation equivalents depends on the translator’s associative/visual thinking and perception of the world, as well as on lexical, semantic and morphological patterns of Kalmyk and German. Folklore texts are structured specifically, and a translator needs utmost attention and linguistic intuition to avoid any inaccuracies when communicating a color paradigm from the original text. The challenge be tackled by a translator of color terms in a folklore text is that he/she is supposed to bear both the linguocultures examined.

scholarly journals Anthroponimic geographical names of the Republic of Mari El of Tatar origin: toponymic zones

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-285
Author(s):  
Flera Ya. Khabibullina ◽  
Iraida G. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. The article considers anthroponymous toponyms of Tatar origin in the Republic of Mari El in reference to the genesis and history of movement and contact of the peoples of the Middle Volga region. The purpose of the article is to study the Tatar-Mari toponymic zoning based on the otantroponym oikonyms, which go back to the Tatar language. Materials and Methods. The analysis of toponymic material is associated with the use of various approaches: comparative-historical, comparative, as well as such research methods: the method of component analysis of toponymic units; areal, descriptive, structural, etymological, statistical, cartographic. The body of the research is represented by otanthroponymic oikonyms, selected from cartographic and lexicographic sources created in the Russian, Mari and Tatar languages, in the number of 129 units. Results and Discussion. The Tatar-Mari interactions on the territory of the Republic of Mari-El are concentrated in two main zones: the Tatar-mountain-Mari toponymic zone and the Tatar-meadow-Mari zone. The article defines the basic principles of the nomination of anthroponymous toponyms, provides a classification of toponyms by objects of the toponymic nomination in each of the topozones, and also highlights parallel names. The analysis also makes it possible to trace the patterns of placement of toponymic objects on the territory of the the Republic of Mari-El. Analysis of the identified borrowings from the Tatar language makes it possible to clarify their territorial localization in the territory of Mari El. Oikonyms formed on the basis of Tatar personal names are most common in areas of compact residence of Tatars, as well as in border areas with the Republic of Tatarstan, due to trade and economic, historical and political, administrative, territorial, and geographical factors. The main principle underlying the Mari otantroponym oikonyms was their nomination based on the relationship with a person: their social status; class affiliation; profession; social interactions; place and role in the family hierarchy; human character; appearance; clothing; qualities of a person; their financial status; etc. Conclusion. The names of Mari anthroponymous topoobjects of Tatar origin were implemented in importing Tatar values that are significant for the Mari ethnic group and go back to Tatar names: material wealth, high social status, respect for parents and elders, health and strength of body, friendship, kindness, firmness and strength of character, cleanliness and neatness in clothing.

SEMANTICS OF PERFUME AND COSMETIC NAMING IN THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Galytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The Social ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

The article deals with the problem of English perfume and cosmetic naming. Special attention is given to the ways of social stratification verbalization. The system of indicators is responsible for the semantic reflecting social stratification explicitly. These indicators are connected with the social status or professional activity in a semantic way. The system of symbols-markers reflects social stratification implicitly. These symbols-markers are connected with object symbols or personal names. Object symbols are divided into toponymes and gemonymes. Personal name symbols are divided into real person names and mythonymes. Using the dictionary definitions of indicators and symbols-markers makes possible to identify archesemes, differential semes. These semes are basic criterium for further grasping the semantic bearers into corresponding groups and subgroups.

Abaza Personal Names

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav A. Chirikba
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper presents a thorough study of the Abaza personal names. Traditionally, Abazas, a small autochthonous people living in the Karačaj-Čerkes Republic of the Russian Federation, used a two-name system, consisting, as a rule, of the surname plus the postposed first name. The Abaza personal names are analysed with regard to their origin, structure, semantics, and social status. The onomastic system in general, as well as the tradition of naming among the Abazas are outlined as well.

scholarly journals Gender Address Patterns in Banten Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Evi Ratna Juwita
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Common People ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Social Status

The objectives of this study are to explore the common personal names used in Banten society based on the gender, to discuss the traditional titles used in Banten society in relation to gender, to explain the gender kinshipterms figures in Banten language, and to find out whether there is kind of gender address names is found at SMAN 3 Kota Serang. In this research, the researcher uses a qualitative research. The data are obtained from the informants. The informant in this research is Bantenese indigenous and the rural common people. The data for this study were collected by means of an interview and liearture review. The result of the research shows that those titles are still found among Banten society recently. The examples of names related to high social status are the previous Banten governor, Ratu Atut Chosiyah;and the current regent of Serang regency, Ratu Tatu Chasanah. Common people’s names related to Banten’s titles are also still exist. Moreover, names in connection with traditional title in Banten are used as names of streets in Banten.

Abkhaz Personal Names

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav A. Chirikba
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents a study of the Abkhaz personal names. Traditionally, Abkhazians, a Caucasian people living in the Republic of Abkhazia (many Abkhazians live also in Turkey and in some Middle Eastern countries), used a two-name system, consisting, as a rule, of the surname plus the postposed first name. The Abkhaz personal names are analysed with regard to their origin, structure, semantics, and social status. The onomastic system in general, as well as the tradition of naming among the Abkhazians are outlined as well.

A web-like network of type vi collagen in human skin is revealed by immuno-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Robert W. Glanville ◽  
Eva Engvall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Primary Antibody ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Type Vi Collagen ◽  
Dermal Matrix ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy

A mouse monoclonal antibody (5C6) prepared against human type VI collagen (1) has been used in this study to immunolocalize type VI collagen in human skin. The enbloc method used involves exposing whole tissue pieces to primary antibody and 5 nm gold conjugated secondary antibody before fixation, and has been described in detail elsewhere (2).Biopsies were taken from individuals ranging in age from neonate to 65 years old. By immuno-electron microscopy, type VI collagen is found to be distributed as a fine branching network closely associated with (but not attached to) banded collagen fibrils containing types I and III collagen (Fig. 1). It appears to enwrap fibers, to weave between individual fibrils within a fiber, and to span the distance separating fibers, creating a “web-like network” which entraps fibers within deep papillary and reticular dermal layers (Fig. 2). Relative to that in the dermal matrix, the concentration of type VI collagen is higher around endothelial basement membranes limiting the outer boundaries of nerves, capillaries, and fat cells (Fig. 3).

Effect of Acetone and Kerosene on Skin Ultrastructure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
A. P. Lupulescu ◽  
H. Pinkus ◽  
D. J. Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Human Epidermis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Skin Ultrastructure ◽  
Volar Surface

Our laboratory is engaged in the study of the effect of different chemical agents on human skin, using electron microscopy. Previous investigations revealed that topical use of a strong alkali (NaOH 1N) or acid (HCl 1N), induces ultrastructural changes in the upper layers of human epidermis. In the current experiments, acetone and kerosene, which are primarily lipid solvents, were topically used on the volar surface of the forearm of Caucasian and Negro volunteers. Skin specimens were bioptically removed after 90 min. exposure and 72. hours later, fixed in 3% buffered glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% phosphate osmium tetroxide, then flat embedded in Epon.

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document