Concepts in cardio-oncology: definitions, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment strategies of cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity

Background: Obesity is an emerging pandemic considered to be an outcome of change in lifestyle owing to more processed food and the use of mechanical locomotives. Obesity has not only appeared as a problem in the esthetic appearance of an individual rather is a serious health issue due to its associations with various chronic diseases such as coronary and cardiovascular problems, hypertension, osteoarthritis, type-II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and certain cancers. It is estimated that 30 percent of the world’s population, i.e. approximately 2.1 billion people, are victims of obesity. In addition to environmental causes, various genes and a group of genes are reported to be increasing the suceptibility of obesity. Objective: Pakistan is a heterogeneous population, an amalgam of various races, therefore, narrowing down the list of obesity-associated genes and their functional variance could help molecular biologists to select potential SNPs in the Pakistani population for molecular diagnosis and treatment. Method: The extraction of a set of obesity-associated genes has been performed by using Polysearch2. SNPs for each gene are retrieved from dbSNP. RegulomeDB and SNPinfo tools have been used for the functional analysis of SNPs retrieved against the Pakistani population. For the prediction of potential deleterious SNPs, SIFT, Polyphen-2, MUTTASTER, MUTASSESSOR, and LRT (likelihood ratio test) are utilized. Functional analysis of potential deleterious SNPs has been performed by studying protein stability and mapping of identified SNPs to protein structure. For the protein stability analysis, I-Mutant and SNPs3D have been used. Results: Four genes FTO, POMC, LEPR, and MC4R and further analysis revealed 3 deleterious SNPs in FTO, 4 in POMC, 1 in LEPR, and 1 in MC4R. Conclusion: This research was designed to identify obesity-associated genes and the most impactful deleterious SNPs in these genes. These findings will be helpful for the molecular biologists and pharmacists to design better and focused diagnosis and treatment strategies.

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Anatomic variations of internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus and its confluence pattern: Implications in inferior petrosal sinus catheterization

Interventional Neuroradiology ◽

10.1177/1753425915590067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 769-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xianli Lv ◽

Zhongxue Wu

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Inferior Petrosal Sinus ◽

Anatomic Variations ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Spiral Computed ◽

Intracranial Lesions

Objective The purpose of this study is to describe anatomic variations of the internal jugular vein (IJV), inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) and their confluence pattern and implications in IPS catheterization. The anatomic route of IPS after going out of the cranium and its confluence patterns with IJV and will supply knowledge about typing of IPS-IJV junction. Method A review of the literature was performed. Results There might be different routes for entering the intracranial segment of the IPS and multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) is effective in identifying the confluences of the IPS with the IJV and their courses. It is important to find the confluence of IPS with IJV for diagnosis and treatment of intracranial lesions via venous route. Meanwhile, IPS diameter at the confluence can significantly affect success of catheterization. Conclusion The classification and the theory of the development of the caudal end of the IPS may be useful in establishing treatment strategies that involve endovascular manipulation via the IPS.

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Infectious and inflammatory complications after endoscopic hernioplasty in patients with postoperative ventral hernias: features of diagnosis and treatment strategies

Vestnik of Russian military medical Academy ◽

10.17816/brmma75485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 157-164

Author(s):

Valery V. Semenov ◽

Sofya А. Prudyeva ◽

Alexander A. Kurygin

Keyword(s):

Negative Pressure ◽

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Wound Therapy ◽

Active Growth ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Ventral Hernias

An algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and inflammatory complications after endovideosurgical hernioplasty in patients with postoperative ventral hernias using traditional and minimally invasive methods of therapy was proposed. The study was based on the treatment results of 177 patients who underwent endovideosurgery for postoperative ventral hernias. Despite the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis according to the accepted at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, according to the protocol scheme (first-generation cephalosporin at a dose of 1 g once parenterally 30 min before the operation, followed by repeated administration in case of operation duration of 3 h), course of the early postoperative period on days 35 in 8 (4,5%) patients after endovideosurgical hernioplasty was complicated by suppuration in the intervention area. When analyzing the causes of infectious and inflammatory complications, in both the main and control groups of observations, all suppuration in the area of surgical interventions was diagnosed in patients with metabolic syndrome (stages IIIII obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus). The use of the negative pressure wound therapy resulted in wound cleansing for 4.1 2.5 days (p 0.05) and was comparable with the traditional method of treatment, but more active growth of granulation tissue prevailed in the wound, which contributed to its accelerated healing. The negative pressure wound therapy is effective in the systemic infectious and inflammatory process, especially after prosthetic hernioplasty of large W3-postoperative hernias. Drainage of abscesses under ultrasound navigation is possible with small (S 10 cm2) delimited purulent processes in the area of the polypropylene implant with the preservation of the latter.

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Opinions on Dental Erosive Lesions, Knowledge of Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies among Norwegian Dentists: A Questionnaire Survey

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2012/716396 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Aida Mulic ◽

Simen Vidnes-Kopperud ◽

Anne B. Skaare ◽

Anne Bjørg Tveit ◽

Alix Young

Keyword(s):

Dental Health ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Erosive Wear ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Dietary History ◽

Saliva Secretion ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Occlusal Surfaces

This study aimed to investigate dentists’ general experience, knowledge about diagnosis, and treatment of dental erosive wear in young adults. A questionnaire was sent to 1262 Norwegian public dental health-employed dentists. The response rate was 60%. Results indicated that most dentists recorded erosive wear, half of them used a specific scoring system, and half registered lesions at the tooth surface level. Lesions were reported most often on palatal surfaces of upper anterior teeth (79% of dentists), on occlusal surfaces of lower 1st molars (74%), and on upper 1st molars (32%). Half the dentists used clinical photographs for documentation and 60% made study models. While 40% reported more erosive lesions in males, 36% reported no gender differences. High intake of carbonated beverages and acidic juices were reported as the most common cause by 97% and 72% of the dentists, respectively. Only 21% of dentists recorded the patient’s dietary history, and 73% never measured saliva secretion. The majority (78%) of the dentists treated patients with erosive wear themselves. In general, the survey suggests that the dentists are relatively up to date regarding the clinical recording, diagnosis, and treatment of dental erosive wear. However, dietary and salivary analyses were not given priority, and early, preventive treatment was lacking.

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DDH: Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies

European Instructional Lectures ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-00966-2_5 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 41-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Graf

Keyword(s):

Treatment Strategies ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment

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CMV Colitis in Immunocompetent Patients: 2 Cases of a Diagnostic Challenge

Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/4035637 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Paparoupa ◽

Viola Schmidt ◽

Helgard Weckauf ◽

Huy Ho ◽

Frank Schuppert

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Unsuccessful Treatment ◽

Benign Stenosis ◽

The Right ◽

Cmv Colitis ◽

Immunocompetent Patients

CMV infections are generally thought to be opportunistic by immunosuppression. Many literature cases though indicate that CMV infections can be also observed in immunocompetent patients. We present an unusual case of an extensive concentric benign stenosis due to CMV colitis and a case of coexistence with Crohn’s Disease, both observed in nonimmunosuppressed individuals. The right diagnosis was set after implementation of multiple unsuccessful treatment strategies. Our purpose is therefore to familiarize clinicians involved with the diagnosis and treatment of gastroenterological diseases with this entity.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Smoke Inhalation

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/088506669501000303 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 117-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Basil A. Pruitt ◽

William G. Cioffi

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Inhalation Injury ◽

Smoke Inhalation ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Individualization Of Therapy ◽

Injured Patients

Inhalation remains the most frequent and serious comorbid event that occurs in thermally injured patients. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology enables individualization of therapy and appropriate triage of patients. We summarize our current knowledge of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of inhalation injury, with a focus on newer treatment strategies that are evolving secondary to laboratory research.

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Recent progress of nanomedicine-induced ferroptosis for cancer therapy

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d1bm00721a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hajra Zafar ◽

Faisal Raza ◽

Siyu Ma ◽

Yawen Wei ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Current Treatment ◽

High Efficacy ◽

Innovative Therapies

The current treatment strategies for cancer therapy have posed many problems in achieving high efficacy. Therefore, an urgent step is needed to develop innovative therapies that can win beyond satisfactory...

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Diagnosis and Treatment of MODY: An Updated Mini Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11209436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 9436

Author(s):

Abegail Tshivhase ◽

Tandi Matsha ◽

Shanel Raghubeer

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Single Gene ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Endogenous Insulin ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Mild Hyperglycemia ◽

Onset Of Diabetes

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is the most common form of monogenic diabetes resulting from a single gene mutation. It is characterized by mild hyperglycemia, autosomal dominant inheritance, early onset of diabetes (<25 years), insulin resistance, and preservation of endogenous insulin secretion. Currently, 14 MODY subtypes have been identified, with differences in incidence, clinical features, diabetes severity and related complications, and treatment response. This type of diabetes is mostly misdiagnosed as either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus because it is difficult to differentiate between these forms of diabetes due to clinical similarities, the high cost of genetic testing, and lack of awareness. As a result, thousands of patients are not receiving appropriate treatment. Accurate diagnosis would allow for more effective therapeutic management and treatment strategies that are distinct from those used for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review serves to explore MODY subtypes, diagnosis, and treatment, and increase awareness of MODY incidence.

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Polydopamine may be easily functionalized with a range of nanomaterials for synergistic cancer therapy, in addition to its exceptional photothermal effects

10.31219/osf.io/cq942 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Moataz Dowaidar

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Self Healing ◽

Adhesive Properties ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Photothermal Treatment ◽

Photothermal Effects

This review carefully reviewed recent polydopamine (PDA) research, including targeted therapy and cancer synergistic medications. Recent breakthroughs in photothermal treatment coupled with complex therapies such as gene therapy, radiation, and especially immunotherapy were highlighted. Due to their exceptional biocompatibility, degradability, low toxicity and high photothermal conversion efficiency, facile oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine can create PDA and serve as an excellent nanocarrier or photothermal cancer treatment agent. Due to its high adhesive capacity, PDA may be easily functionalized with a range of nanomaterials for synergistic cancer therapy, in addition to its exceptional photothermal effects. Although PDA-based multifunctional nanoplatforms have gained interest for synergistic cancer therapy, such as chemo-photothermal treatment and photodynamic-photothermal treatment, discovering novel uses for PDA remains tough. First, despite its easy and mild process of synthesis, large-scale synthesis with uniform size and thickness is challenging owing to the absence of consistent quality control standards. Second, due to the strong adhesive properties of PDA, multifunctional nanoplatforms are prone to aggregating in a solution. Third, to improve PDA's clinical application, its safety should be fully researched. Before being deployed in clinical settings, PDA-based multifunctional systems need additional research. A PDA-based multifunctional platform for better synergistic cancer treatment is a forward-looking strategy. In particular, PDA-based immunotherapy systems will remain a research center.Besides immunotherapy, in recent years, the integration of cancer diagnosis and treatment has gained a lot of publicity. Polyphenols have been proven to suppress tumor development and interact with metals such as Fe3+, Pt4+, Cu2+, etc (MPNs). MPNs are biocompatible, functional, pH-responsive and can escape endosomes. PDA has the potential to develop MPNs with contrasting magnetic resonance agents like gadolinium due to the enormous quantity of catechol groups on its surface, allowing magnetic resonance imaging. Polyphenols also have tumor-inhibiting effects, and PDA's photothermal activity can ablate tumors. Consequently, PDA-based MPNs might be a promising way to integrate diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, polydopamine can crosslink acrylamide and other polymers to form anticancer and antibacterial hydrogels. Increasing the stickiness of polydopamine hydrogels is now underway, paving the path for self-adhesive bioelectronics hydrogels. Bioelectron self-adhesion and other capabilities such as self-healing, transparency, and bacterio-toxicity may be supplied to polydopamine hydrogels by altering phenolquinone's redox process. A prospective future trend is using self-adhesive polydopamine hydrogels with current bioelectronic materials. We think that polydopamine hydrogels will eventually advance from skin patches to implantable integrated bioelectronics.

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