scholarly journals Nanotechnology against the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): diagnosis, treatment, therapy and future perspectives

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-516
Author(s):  
Hamid Rashidzadeh ◽  
Hossein Danafar ◽  
Hossein Rahimi ◽  
Faezeh Mozafari ◽  
Marziyeh Salehiabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Significant Mortality

COVID-19, as an emerging infectious disease, has caused significant mortality and morbidity along with socioeconomic impact. No effective treatment or vaccine has been approved yet for this pandemic disease. Cutting-edge tools, especially nanotechnology, should be strongly considered to tackle this virus. This review aims to propose several strategies to design and fabricate effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by the aid of nanotechnology. Polymeric, inorganic self-assembling materials and peptide-based nanoparticles are promising tools for battling COVID-19 as well as its rapid diagnosis. This review summarizes all of the exciting advances nanomaterials are making toward COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Endocrine changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients and lessons from SARS-CoV

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1137) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Agarwal ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Endocrine Disturbances ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Convalescence Phase ◽  
Significant Mortality

Coronavirus infection outbreaks have occurred frequently in the last two decades and have led to significant mortality. Despite the focus on reducing mortality by preventing the spread of the virus, patients have died due to several other complications of the illness. The understanding of pathological mechanisms and their implications is continuously evolving. A number of symptoms occur in these patients due to the involvement of various endocrine glands. These clinical presentations went largely unnoticed during the first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002–2003. A few of these derangements continued during the convalescence phase and sometimes occurred after recovery. Similar pathological and biochemical changes are being reported with the novel coronavirus disease outbreak in 2020. In this review, we focus on these endocrine changes that have been reported in both SARS coronavirus and SARS coronavirus-2. As we battle the pandemic, it becomes imperative to address these underlying endocrine disturbances that are contributing towards or predicting mortality of these patients.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Dena Lyras
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Local Part ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

As we begin 2020, Microbiology is dominating the news with the emergence and rapid dissemination of the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on public health, with significant financial, logistical and social repercussions, has quickly become apparent. As microbiologists we have an important role to play during this time because we can use our knowledge, expertise and experience to educate the community around us, and to reduce the panic that results from fear and misinformation. It is also critical that we ensure that racial groups are not stigmatised because of an infectious disease. A co-ordinated global effort is required to tackle this new infectious threat, and we are an important local part of this effort. It is also important to develop strategies that can be deployed when the next threat emerges, as it surely will.

scholarly journals Fragment-based approaches to TB drugs

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIARA MARCHETTI ◽  
DANIEL S. H. CHAN ◽  
ANTHONY G. COYNE ◽  
CHRIS ABELL
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Leads ◽  
Significant Mortality

SUMMARYTuberculosis is an infectious disease associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The rise of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) urgently demands the development of new drug leads to tackle resistant strains. Fragment-based methods have recently emerged at the forefront of pharmaceutical development as a means to generate more effective lead structures, via the identification of fragment molecules that form weak but high quality interactions with the target biomolecule and subsequent fragment optimization. This review highlights a number of novel inhibitors of Mtb targets that have been developed through fragment-based approaches in recent years.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON PANDEMIC OUTBREAK OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19): VIROLOGY, AVAILABLE TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND FUTURE PROJECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abhijit Mohan Kanavaje ◽  
Vipul Ajit Sansare
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Future Projection ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this disease has spread rapidly around the globe. On 11 March 2020, WHO declared Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic and reiterated the call for countries to take immediate actions and scale up the response to treat, detect and reduce transmission to save people’s lives. As of 3 April 2020, according to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), a total of 2301 COVID-19 cases (including 55 foreign nationals) have been reported in 29 states/union territories. These include 156 who have been cured/discharged,1 who has migrated, and 56 deaths in India. Considering the potential threat of a pandemic, scientists and physicians have been racing to understand this new virus and the pathophysiology of this disease to uncover possible treatment regimens and discover effective therapeutic agents and vaccines. The objective of this review article was to have a preliminary opinion about the disease, the ways of treatment, and prevention in this early stage of this outbreak.

scholarly journals Thinking Too Much About the Novel Coronavirus. The Link Between Persistent Thinking About COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Anxiety and Trauma Effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Skalski ◽  
Patrycja Uram ◽  
Paweł Dobrakowski ◽  
Anna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Polish Adaptation

Background. Earlier reports have shown that anxiety over the novel coronavirus may predict mental functioning during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the links between persistent thinking about COVID-19, anxiety over SARS-CoV-2 and trauma effects. For the purpose of this study, the Polish adaptation of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) was implemented. Participants and procedure. The study involved 356 individuals aged 18–78 (58% females). In addition to OCS, the participants completed the following questionnaires: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire. Results. OCS was characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties (α = .82). Regression analysis indicated that persistent thinking about COVID-19 was associated with increased coronavirus anxiety and negative trauma effects. In addition, anxiety served as a partial mediator in the link between persistent thinking about COVID-19 and negative trauma effects. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that persistent thinking about the pandemic may be dysfunctional for mental health during the spread of the infectious disease.

scholarly journals Analysis of Vaccines to tackle COVID-19 with Patent Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divyansh Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Current Stage

As humans are spreading throughout the world, infectious diseases have been a constant companion such as Bubonic Plague (200 Million deaths), 17th Century Great Plague (3 Million deaths), Plague of Justinian (30-50 Million deaths), etc . Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) which was published on 11th January 2020 showing the intensity of Global research and development activity to develop a drug/vaccine against the disease. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Human to human transmission has created a pandemic situation across the world. Pharmaceutical companies play a crucial role in this scenario to provide Drugs/Vaccines/Therapies to treat and tackle the novel coronavirus disease of 2019. This paper consists of the Drugs and Vaccines which are developed, or in the process of development , their current stage of development (clinical trials) with their patent review.

scholarly journals Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients with Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Zahraa Qusairy ◽  
Miran Rada
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has appeared to be one of the biggest global health threats worldwide with no specific therapeutic agents. As of August 2020, over 22.4 million confirmed cases and more than 788,000 deaths have been reported globally, and the toll is expected to increase before the pandemic is over. Given the aggressive nature of their underlying disease, cancer patients seem to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 and various studies have confirmed this hypothesis. Herein, we review the current information regarding the role of cancer in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, we discuss the effective supportive treatment options for COVID-19 including Dexamethasone, Tocilizumab and Remdesivir and convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), as well as discuss their efficacy in COVID-19 patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Several Remarkable Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Sumio Shinoda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
South America ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

COVID-19 is a newly discovered infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic started at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly across the world, especially in North and South America or Europe. The number of infected cases in the developed countries in North America and Europe or South America is extremely high, whereas its number in the developing countries of Africa or Southeast Asia is not so high; therefore, the COVID-19 is different from the usual infectious disease outbreaks. This article introduces the epidemiology of COVID-19, comparing with other historical infectious disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Making a Connection between Infectious Disease Outbreaks and Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel D. Landry ◽  
Anna Tupetz ◽  
Djenana Jalovcic ◽  
Phillip Sheppard ◽  
Tiago S. Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Rapid Development and Deployment of Respiratory Evaluation Clinics in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic to Keep Staff and Patients Safe

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Charles Haddad ◽  
Christopher Scuderi ◽  
Judelle Haddad-Lacle ◽  
Reetu Grewal ◽  
Jeffrey Jacqmein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
The U.S

The world as we knew it changed at the beginning of 2020 with the explosion of the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, a.k.a. COVID-19. As of January 10, 2021, the novel coronavirus has infected over 89 million people worldwide and killed over 1.9 million. In the U.S., there have been 22 million people infected and 373,000 deaths. It has never been more important to protect our vulnerable patients and staff from infectious disease, especially during the time they spend in our offices and clinics. It quickly became apparent that there was a need for a dedicated location where patients could be seen that were too ill to be evaluated via telemedicine, but not ill enough to be sent to the Emergency Department (ED). To fill this need, our primary care network developed the Respiratory Evaluation Clinic (REC) concept. These were two geographical locations where the outlying clinics could send potentially infectious patients to evaluate and test COVID-19. Some recommendations, adaptations, lessons learned and the REC clinics' expansions to other locations throughout our network are discussed.

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