Biology of the oldest butterfly species in the world, Baronia brevicornis: food, abundance, polymorphism, and survival

The colourful wing patterns of butterflies play an important role for enhancing fitness; for instance, by providing camouflage, for interspecific mate recognition, or for aposematic display. Closely related butterfly species can have dramatically different wing patterns. The phenomenon is assumed to be caused by ecological processes with changing conditions, e.g. in the environment, and also by sexual selection. Here, we investigate the birdwing butterflies, Ornithoptera , the largest butterflies of the world, together forming a small genus in the butterfly family Papilionidae. The wings of these butterflies are marked by strongly coloured patches. The colours are caused by specially structured wing scales, which act as a chirped multilayer reflector, but the scales also contain papiliochrome pigments, which act as a spectral filter. The combined structural and pigmentary effects tune the coloration of the wing scales. The tuned colours are presumably important for mate recognition and signalling. By applying electron microscopy, (micro-)spectrophotometry and scatterometry we found that the various mechanisms of scale coloration of the different birdwing species strongly correlate with the taxonomical distribution of Ornithoptera species.

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Kennedy

10.1093/oso/9780190228873.003.0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Barry Riley

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Economic Development ◽

The United States ◽

Food Abundance ◽

Food Aid ◽

White House ◽

The World ◽

Food For Peace

From his very first day in office, John F. Kennedy was intent on using America’s food abundance to help reduce hunger in the world. Among his first appointments were George McGovern as his White House director of Food for Peace and Orville Freeman, also a proponent of food aid used for economic development, as his secretary of agriculture. This chapter relates how Kennedy, in his short three years in office, sought to reorient American food aid from surplus disposal to economic development in the world’s poorer countries, and it recounts the failure of his administration to deal successfully with the continuing farm problems in the United States.

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Diversity of Butterflies (Ordo Lepidoptera) and Flower Plants in Mount Muria Kudus, Central Java

Jurnal Biodjati ◽

10.15575/biodjati.v6i1.10070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 122-135

Author(s):

Melisa Oktaviani Sukma ◽

Lianah Lianah ◽

Saifullah Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Food Plants ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Dominance Index ◽

Central Java ◽

The World ◽

Important Value Index ◽

Sampling Transect

Indonesia is a megadiverse country. Butterflies become one of the Indonesian diversities. Indonesia has the second-highest butterfly species in the world with more than 2000 species. Flower plants are used by butterflies as hostplants and foodplant. The aims of this research were to know butterflies’ diversity and food plants in Mount Muria at Kudus City, Central Java. The research used the quadran sampling transect method with three stations (along 2 km). The research was conducted in March and June 2020. The tools used were insect net, termohigrometer, lux meter, digital camera, roll meter, GPS, ja,r and identification book. Data on butterflies diversity were analyzed by Shannon-Wiener (H’), Evenness index (E), Relative Abundance (Pi), Simpson Dominance Index (D), Density (KR) Frequency (FR), and Important Value Index (IVI). Results of the research showed that at least 40 species of six family butterflies found at Mt. Muria. Butterflies at Mt. Muria area has a medium diversity, medium evenness, and low dominance. Leptosia nina has the highest relative abundance, frequency, density and IVI (Important Value Index). Butterflies were found frequently feeding on flowers as hostplants and foodplants. 31 species of flower plants were found at Mt. Muria. The most used plant as hostplants and foodplants by butterfly is Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata from Verbenaceae and Asteraceae.

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New species records for butterflies (Lepidoptera) on Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada, with notes on natural history

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2013.15 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 145 (2) ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria C. Leung ◽

Donald G. Reid

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Natural History ◽

Climatic Change ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Time Scale ◽

Species Distributions ◽

Early Summer ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

The World ◽

Butterfly Fauna

AbstractComparisons of past and current butterfly species distributions are being used to gauge the effects of climatic change in various parts of the world. Historic butterfly records from Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada, presented an opportunity to do such a comparison in an Arctic tundra region known to have a diverse butterfly fauna. We compared historic species records (1916–1983) with newly collected ones (2007–2009) to assess possible changes in species distributions. Of the 21 species documented for Herschel Island, six were newly found and two were not reconfirmed. We postulate that warmer temperatures facilitated the apparent northerly range expansions of several species by making butterfly flight and dispersal possible. This is supported by interannual comparisons on a smaller time scale, 2007–2009. During this period, we observed accelerated butterfly phenology and higher relative abundance of butterflies associated with earlier snowmelt and with earlier and more intense early summer heating.

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Butterfly (Rhopalocera) fauna of Maharashtra Nature Park, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Check List ◽

10.15560/6.1.022 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 022 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ninad B. Raut ◽

Anand Pendharkar

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

World Wide ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Polluted Area ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

The World ◽

Important Study ◽

Nature Park

Mumbai, one of the largest metro cities in the world, holds rich biodiversity in few green fragmented natural or manmade habitats. One such habitat is the Maharashtra Nature Park (MNP). MNP is located in a highly polluted area of Mumbai; this was a dumping ground for nearly 26 years. In 1983, it was restored into a semi-natural forest with the initial technical inputs from World Wide Fund for Nature-India (WWF-India). Presently, this nature park supports a rich biodiversity but lacks proper documentation. Such information is essential as the park serves as an important study area for many schools, college students and for many nature lovers. Previous documentation has reported 38 butterfly species from the park. The present study carried out from June 2005 to November 2005 has documented 53 species belonging to five families from MNP.

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A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000626 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Gantman ◽

Robin Gomila ◽

Joel E. Martinez ◽

J. Nathan Matias ◽

Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

William James ◽

Mental Processes ◽

Psychological Science ◽

Behavioral Measurement ◽

The World ◽

Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

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Culture and the plasticity of perception

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002887 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Lifshitz ◽

T. M. Luhrmann

Keyword(s):

Cultural Context ◽

Sensory Experience ◽

Cultural Learning ◽

The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000360 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nazim Keven

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Animal Cognition ◽

The World

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.

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Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025197 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 139-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Rybák ◽

V. Rušin ◽

M. Rybanský

Keyword(s):

Solar Corona ◽

World Wide ◽

Rotation Period ◽

Original Data ◽

Coronal Emission ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Data Set ◽

The World ◽

Coronal Emission Line ◽

Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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Where in the world is the hip hop nation?

Popular Music ◽

10.1017/s0261143003213155 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 241-245

Author(s):

Inez H. Templeton

Keyword(s):

Hip Hop ◽

The World

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