Self-Driving Car using Deep-Q-Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3621-3625
Author(s):  
Rajath C V
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Sector ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Automotive Technology ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Require Data

A autonomous car is also called a self-driving car or a robot car. As for the history of self-driving cars, radio technology was used to control the tests, which began in 1920, and later in 1950, the tracks were finally put in place. The present-day individual is habituated to automation technology and the use of robotics in areas such as agriculture, medication, transportation, IT industry, etc. In the recent decades, the automotive sector has come to the forefront of researching private car technologies. The independent Level-3 standard was out in 2020. Everyday automotive technology researchers solve challenges. The prime intention of the project is to create a self-driving car using Deep-Q-Networks, thus enabling the car to make decisions based on the spontaneously occurring events. Independent vehicles require data and are regularly updated, therefore IoT and AI can assist in allocating device data to the machine.

Return to Play Following Achilles Tendon Rupture in NFL Players Based on Position

2021 ◽  
pp. 193864002110403
Author(s):  
Dane Barton ◽  
Aditya Manoharan ◽  
Ansab Khwaja ◽  
Jacob Sorenson ◽  
Michel Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level 3

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the return-to-play (RTP) rate and postinjury performance after Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures in National Football League (NFL) skill position players. Methods: The study included NFL skill positions with an AT rupture between the 2009-2010 and 2015-2016 seasons. Performance data were collected and compared against a matched control group. RTP was defined as playing in at least 1 game after repair. Results: RTP rate was 57% for the study cohort. The tight ends (TEs) had the highest RTP rate at 71% while the wide receivers (WRs) had the lowest RTP rate at 38%. Compared with the control group, WRs with successful RTP had significantly less receptions per game ( P = .01). For defensive players with RTP there were significant decreases in postrepair performance in tackles, passes defended, and fumbles forced/recovered compared with the control group. Conclusion: A total of 57% of players achieved RTP with WRs and running backs (RBs) having the lowest RTP rates and TEs and linebackers (LBs) having the highest RTP rates. RBs, defensive backs (DBs), and LBs with successful RTP had decreased performance in all categories. This updated information may be helpful for athletes, physicians, scouts, and coaches in evaluating players with a history of AT rupture. Levels of Evidence: Analytic, level 3, retrospective cohort study, Epidemiologic study

COUNTRY HOUSE LIFE Creating paradise: the building of the English country house, 1660–1880. By Richard Wilson and Alan Mackley. London: Hambledon, 2000. Pp. xx+428. ISBN 1-85285-252-6. £25. The polite tourist: four centuries of country house visiting. By Adrian Tinniswood. London: The National Trust, 1998. Pp. 224. ISBN 0 7078 0224 5. £24.99. Country house pastimes. By Oliver Garnett. London: The National Trust, 1998. Pp. 48. ISBN 0-7078-0284-9. £4.99. The British country house in the eighteenth century. By Christopher Christie. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000. Pp. xvi+333. ISBN 0-7190-4724-2 (hb); 0-7190-4725-0 (pb). £49 and £17.99. The fate of the English country house. By David Littlejohn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. xviii+344. ISBN 0-19-508876-X. £20. The dukes: the origins, ennoblement and history of twenty-six families. By Brian Masters. London: Pimlico, 2001. Pp. x+390. ISBN 0-7126-6724-5. £12.50.

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
J. V. BECKETT
Keyword(s):  
Credit Cards ◽  
Country House ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Great House ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Post War

It is nearly a quarter of a century since the publication in 1978 of Mark Girouard's magnificent study, Life in the English country house. The book appeared at what we can now recognize to have been an important moment for the stately homes of England. After the years of post-war austerity, the growth in private car ownership had begun to make the countryside increasingly accessible. Many of the weekend journeys spawned by this new affluence were to country houses, a trend speeded up by the exposure several high profile houses enjoyed as period settings for television dramas. Brideshead revisited in 1981 was the pioneer, set as it was in the grounds of Castle Howard. In many respects it has never been bettered, but it has certainly been followed, to the extent that hardly a great house has failed to attract a film crew and some have been visited repeatedly. Nor has this new exposure been confined to the cinema and television. The private mansions from which the working classes were traditionally excluded have opened their doors to paying customers, and their shops to anyone with cash and credit cards.

Adaptive Management in Nonadaptive Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
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Valeriy Funtov ◽  
��������� ◽  
D. Paramonov ◽  
��������� ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of

This article focuses on the current state and opportunities for the application of Agile methods in the project management, which is not related to the classical IT industry. The article briefly describes the history of the Agile, principles and approaches that are effective and universal, and directly or with adaptation can be transferred to other projects from (non-IT) industries. Examples of applications in different industries are given. Their implementation and effectiveness, readiness for the use by Russian companies is estimated. The first example of the use in the nuclear industry in Scrum scalable package is analyzed. Further possibilities of using of flexible approaches, as well as recommendations for their optimization are presented.

scholarly journals A Few Critical Human Factors for Developing Sustainable Autonomous Driving Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3030
Author(s):  
José Fernando Sabando Cárdenas ◽  
Jong Gyu Shin ◽  
Sang Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Learning Speed ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Self Driving Cars

The purpose of this study is to develop a framework that can identify critical human factors (HFs) that can generate human errors and, consequently, accidents in autonomous driving level 3 situations. Although much emphasis has been placed on developing hardware and software components for self-driving cars, interactions between a human driver and an autonomous car have not been examined. Because user acceptance and trust are substantial for the further and sustainable development of autonomous driving technology, considering factors that will influence user satisfaction is crucial. As autonomous driving is a new field of research, the literature review in other established fields was performed to draw out these probable HFs. Herein, interrelationship matrices were deployed to identify critical HFs and analyze the associations between these HFs and their impact on performance. Age, focus, multitasking capabilities, intelligence, and learning speed are selected as the most critical HFs in autonomous driving technology. Considering these factors in designing interactions between drivers and automated driving systems will enhance users’ acceptance of the technology and its sustainability by securing good usability and user experiences.

scholarly journals How Are Coronal Alignments of the Knee and Hindfoot Correlated?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0032
Author(s):  
Francois Lintz ◽  
Louis Dagneaux ◽  
Maryama Dufrenot ◽  
Arne Burssens ◽  
Martinus Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hindfoot Alignment ◽  
Eos Imaging ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Automatic Software ◽  
The Difference

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Hindfoot and knee coronal alignments have shown to be related in previous literature suggesting that there might be some degree of compensation between the two. However, previous studies have focused on the effects of knee surgery on hindfoot alignment, not on the preoperative relationship. Recent 3D weight bearing imaging technology may help to investigate this. The objective of this study was to analyse the preoperative relationships between knee and hindfoot coronal alignments using bilateral weight bearing CT (WBCT) and biplanar low dose radiography (BLDR). We hypothesized that hindfoot valgus and varus respectively compensates knee varus and valgus. Methods: Relevant ethical approval was obtained for this retrospective comparative level 3 study including 124 limbs in 62 patients (32 female, 30 male), mean age 56 (23-84). Mean BMI was 27 (20-38). Cases included had been referred continuously according to diagnostic protocols in our institution, for a combined WBCT and BLDR investigation. Age, gender and BMI were recorded. Cases with a history of trauma or surgery, which may have caused a change in lower limb alignment, were excluded. Hindfoot alignment was measured using a semi automatic software (TALAS, Curvebeam, Warrington PA, USA) and given as Foot Ankle Offset (FAO). Knee alignment was measured using the EOS platform (EOS Imaging, Paris, France) and given as HKA. Distribution and demographics of hindfoot alignment in the varus and valgus knee groups were studied. Correlations were investigated using linear regression and Bland and Altman plots. Results: Incidence of Varus hindfeet was 15.8% in the Valgus knee group and 25.5% in the Varus knee group but the difference was not significant (p=0.82). Bland and Altman plots did not yield any additional result. No linear correlation was found between hindfoot and knee coronal alignments in the study population. Conclusion: Our results do not confirm prior findings regarding compensatory valgus in varus knees, and do not confirm the hypothesis according to which linear compensatory mechanisms may relate knee and hindfoot alignments. In practice, these results suggest that in cases where knee and hindfoot misalignments are associated, the causes for each should be analyzed independently before any assumption is made as to hypothetical interactions. Furthermore, subsequent studies are warranted to investigate whether other kinds of non-linear correlations way be found in selected populations.

scholarly journals Manajemen Anestesi untuk Seksio Sesarea pada Pasien Pre Eklampsia Berat yang Terinfeksi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
RTH Supraptomo
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Early Warning Score ◽  
Anesthesia Management ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Anesthesia Technique

Komplikasi hipertensi tercatat 6–8% pada kehamilan dan menjadi kontributor yang signifikan morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal dan perinatal. Di Amerika Serikat, preeklamsia menjadi satu dari tiga besar penyebab utama kematian ibu hamil. Penanganan yang tidak sesuai dengan standar, sering menjadi penyebab utama yang menyebabkan peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada ibu hamil. Seorang wanita 30 tahun early warning score (EWS) score 6 dengan preeklampsia pada sekundigravida (G2P1A0) hamil preterm belum dalam persalinan, riwayat seksio sesarea 1x pro seksio sesarea transperitoneal emergensi dengan status fisik ASA IIE, direncanakan dilakukan anestesi dengan teknik regional anestesi sub-arachnoid block (SAB). Manajemen anestesi pada kehamilan dengan pre-eklampsia meliputi preoperatif, intraoperatif dan postoperatif. Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dibutuhkan penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) yang memadai selama tindakan perioperatif. Perhatian khusus pada anestesi pasien terinfeksi COVID-19 meliputi penggunaan ruangan bertekanan negatif, meminimalisir instrumentasi jalan nafas, serta penggunaan APD level 3.   Anesthesia Management for Caesarean Section in Severe Pre-Eclampsia Patients Infected with Covid-19 Abstract Hypertensive complications account for 6-8% of pregnancy and are a significant contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In the United States, preeclampsia is one of the top three causes of death for pregnant women. Handling that is not in accordance with standards is often the main cause that causes increased morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. A 30-year-old woman with early warning score (EWS) score 6 with preeclampsia in secondary pregnancy (G2P1A0) who is preterm pregnant yet in labor, a history of cesarean section 1x pro-cesarean section emergency transperitoneal with ASA IIE physical status, planning to perform anesthesia with regional anesthesia technique. sub-arachnoid block (SAB). Anesthesia management in pre-eclampsia pregnancy includes preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is required during perioperative measures. Special attention to anesthesia for patients infected with COVID-19 includes the use of negative pressure rooms, minimizing airway instrumentation, and the use of level 3 PPE.

scholarly journals Hybrid Hydrogen Peroxide for Viral Disinfection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan Hislop ◽  
Frances Grinstead ◽  
John R. Henneman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Pathogen Elimination ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
High Level

Decontamination is often necessary in facilities with sensitive spaces where pathogen elimination is critical. Historically, high concentration vaporized hydrogen peroxide technologies have been applied in these areas for pathogen disinfection. While effective, these high concentration solutions come with inherent risks to human health and safety. Alternatively, one recent innovation is a hybrid hydrogen peroxide system which combines a 7% hydrogen peroxide solution with a calibrated fogging device that delivers a mixture of vaporous and micro aerosolized particles, significantly lowering the risk of exposure to high-concentration hazardous chemicals. Studies performed with this technology demonstrate high level pathogen decontamination across a variety of tested pathogens and substrates. This chapter will cover a brief history of hydrogen peroxide technologies and their application processes; examine the correlations between viral inactivation, viral disinfection, and biological indicators for validation; demonstrate the necessity of dwell time for optimal efficacy; discuss the effects of viral disinfectant use on laboratory surfaces; and examine various studies, including virologic work performed in Biosafety Level 3 facilities and good laboratory practice (GLP) data performed by EPA-approved laboratories. This chapter will provide readers a deeper understanding of essential components and considerations when implementing hydrogen peroxide systems for viral decontamination.

scholarly journals Book Reviews: Les transports de la démocratie. Approche historique des enjeux politiques de la mobilité [Transport and Democracy. A Historical Approach to Mobility and Politics], Automobilindustrie 1945–2000. Eine Schlüsselindustrie zwischen Boom und Krise, Destination le front. Les chemins de fer en Belgique pendant la Grande Guerre / Bestemming front. Spoorwegen in België tijdens de Grote Oorlog [Bound for the Front. Railways in Belgium during the Great War], Network Neutrality. Switzerland's Role in the Genesis of the Telegraph Union, 1855–75, L'Emprise du vol. De l'invention à la massification: histoire d'une culture moderne [The Influence of Flight. From Invention to Massification: the History of a Modern Culture], Die Erschliessung der dritten Dimension. Entstehung und Entwicklung der zivilen Luftfahrtinfrastruktur in der Schweiz, 1919–90 [Networking the Third Dimension. Formation and Development of the Civil Aviation Infrastructure in Switzerland, 1919–90], Im Flug. Schweizer Airlines und ihre Passagiere, 1919–2002 [In Flight: Swiss Airlines and their Passengers, 1919–2002], American Railroads: Decline and Renaissance in the Twentieth Century, Bicycles in American Highway Planning. The Critical Years of Policy-Making, 1969–91, Frank Pick's London: Art, Design and the Modern City, Steamboats on the Indus: The Limits of Western Technological Superiority in South Asia, The Evolution of Automotive Technology: A Handbook, The Next War in the Air: Britain's Fear of the Bomber, 1908–41, The Transportation Experience, Land Travel and Communications in Tudor and Stuart England: Achieving a Joined-Up Realm

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Mattioli ◽  
Hans-Liudger Dienel ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Polino ◽  
Ana Paula Silva ◽  
Koos Bosma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Network Neutrality ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Automotive Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Highway Planning ◽  
Stuart England ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The Great War

Visions of Transportation: The EVC and the Transition from Service- to Product-Based Mobility

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Kirsch ◽  
Gijs P. A. Mom
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Transportation Management ◽  
Automotive Technology ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Traditional Service ◽  
History Of

The Electric Vehicle Company (EVC) and its affiliated operating entities (1897–1912), along with similar electric taxicab ventures in London and Paris, figured prominently in the early history of the automobile industry. Long dismissed as a quintessential instance of business failure resulting from the choice of inferior technology, the picture of EVC that emerges from new archival evidence suggests a different view. Seen within the continuing electrification of urban transit, traditional centralized approaches to transportation management, and genuine uncertainty about future automotive technology, EVC constituted a significant, if incremental, extension of traditional, service-based concepts of transportation. The goal of the owners of EVC was to offer an integrated, all-electric urban transportation service that included road- and rail-based components. The failure of EVC represented not simply the victory of internal combustion over electric propulsion but also the triumph of a decentralized, product-centered view of mobility, in which individuals owned and operated their own vehicles.

Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 548-554
Author(s):  
Orhun H. Kantarci
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Active Disease

A comprehensive and ideal approach to treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has 5 levels of intervention. They are 1) prevention of active disease (clinical or subclinical relapses) in the first place, to prevent cumulative relapse-associated disability burden; 2) shortening the duration of active inflammatory demyelination associated with relapses, to limit the extent of irreversible central nervous system injury; 3) induction of more complete recovery after a relapse, to prevent or delay an ensuing chronic progressive neurodegeneration; 4) slowing the progressive phase of MS after progression ensues; and 5) treatment of symptoms and complications. The ultimate combined goal of these intervention levels is to alter the natural history of MS and prevent progression responsible for the main quantity of disability in MS, thereby improving the quality of life for patients with MS. Currently, treating physicians can accomplish levels 1, 2, and 5. Level 3 and level 4 interventions are yet to be developed sufficiently to affect the disease course meaningfully.

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