scholarly journals Smart Circuit Breaker

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 3152-3157
Author(s):  
Ankit Aloni
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Electronic Circuitry ◽  
Commercial Purpose ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Domestic Purpose

This project is to supply single phase home appliances. This project is used for an alternative for MCB. MCB is fault current protective device which trip on fault current which flows in the circuit. MCB are based on the thermal bimetallic trip mechanism which is very slow and tripping time is based upon percentage of overloads MCB having bimetallic trip which gets derated after some mechanical operation and cause unwanted tripping. All the above faults will be overcome by smart circuit breakers which provide all types of protection such as overload, under voltage, high temperature and short circuit protection, this type of protection is necessary because, now days all, appliance such as LCD, Air conditioner, Refrigerator, etc consist of electronic circuitry which is voltage sensitive and get damage at voltage fluctuation. This project also monitors and display fault on LCD and stores the data for further action. Smart circuit breaker is fast acting and sense relay as fast as possible and trips the relay within 100msec. than MCB which takes 1000msec. to 1600msec. In addition to that LM 35 temperature sensor is also interface to microcontroller by if temperature exceed 550C microcontroller will trip the relay. The intention to use temperature sensor is to detect fire hazard in domestic purpose as well as commercial purpose.

scholarly journals Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Power Grid - Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vipul Sharma ◽  
Mrs. Madhu Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Current Limiter

Introduction of Distributed Energy Sources (DES) is the highest change happening to the distribution network. This paper describes different types of current limiting methods which reduce the magnitude of the fault current. The interconnected distributed energy sources to the conventional grid improves the power generation capacity of the power system but also increases the magnitude of fault current which cannot tolerate by the short-circuit ratings of the circuit breaker, relays, isolator etc. This paper reviews on the innovative electric equipment i.e. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), which reduces fault current magnitude in first cycle of fault current. Keywords: Distributed Energy Sources, Fault current, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Protection Equipment.

scholarly journals Interrupting Short-Circuit Direct Current Using an AC Circuit Breaker in Series with a Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kulkarni ◽  
Surya Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Overcurrent Protection ◽  
Dc Fault ◽  
Rlc Circuit ◽  
In Series ◽  
Filter Capacitor

This paper describes and demonstrates the principle and efficacy of a novel direct current fault interruption scheme using a reactor in series with a controlled rectifier and a conventional AC circuit breaker. The presence of the series reactor limits the capacitive discharge current from the DC filter capacitor at the output terminals of the phase-controlled rectifier. In addition, the series reactor along with the filter capacitor forms an underdamped series RLC circuit which forces the fault current to oscillate about zero. This synthetic alternating current can then be interrupted using a conventional AC circuit breaker. The selection criteria for the series reactor and overcurrent protection are presented as well. Using the proposed scheme for an example case, a DC fault current magnitude is reduced from 56 kA to 14 kA, while the interruption time is reduced from 44 ms to 25 ms.

scholarly journals Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Power Grid - Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Vipul Sharma ◽  
Mrs. Madhu Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Current Limiter

Introduction of Distributed Energy Sources (DES) is the highest change happening to the distribution network. This paper describes different types of current limiting methods which reduce the magnitude of the fault current. The interconnected distributed energy sources to the conventional grid improves the power generation capacity of the power system but also increases the magnitude of fault current which cannot tolerate by the short-circuit ratings of the circuit breaker, relays, isolator etc. This paper reviews on the innovative electric equipment i.e. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), which reduces fault current magnitude in first cycle of fault current. Keywords: Distributed Energy Sources, Fault current, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Protection Equipment.

scholarly journals Fault Diagnosis Algorithm and Protection of Electric Power Systems in an Alternative Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Oshin Ola Austin ◽  
Oluwasanmi Alonge ◽  
Ajayi Joseph Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Protective Devices

In any power systems, protective devices will detect fault conditions and operate circuit breakers in order to disconnect the load from the fault current and limit loss of service due to failure. This fault may involve one or more phases and the ground, or may occur between two or more phases in a three-phase systems. In ground, fault’ or ‘earth fault, current flows into the earth. In a poly-phase system, a fault may affect each of the three phases equally which is a symmetrical fault. If only some phases are affected, the resulting ‘asymmetrical fault’ becomes more complicated to analyze due to the simplifying assumption of equal current magnitude in all the phases being no longer applicable. Therefore, the prospective short circuit current of the fault can be calculated for power systems analysis procedures. This will assist in the choice of protective devices like circuit breakers, current transformers and relays. This research work evaluated and analyzed the occurrence of faults in a distribution system. Fault currents were obtained and the maximum tripping time required for the protective devices to operate were determined. Hence, it was possible to select appropriate relay and circuit breaker for effective operation of a distribution

scholarly journals Short-Circuit Fault Current Calculation Method for the Multi-Terminal DC Grid Considering the DC Circuit Breaker

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Haipeng Jia ◽  
Jingyuan Yin ◽  
Tongzhen Wei ◽  
Qunhai Huo ◽  
Jinke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Modular Multilevel Converter ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Dc System ◽  
Short Circuit Calculation ◽  
Dc Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Fault

The analysis and calculation of the short-circuit fault current in the DC grid is of great significance to the design and configuration of the converter station and DC circuit breaker parameters. The existing flexible DC system not only includes the modular multilevel converter (MMC) converter, but also needs power equipment such as the fault current limiter and DC circuit breaker. Therefore, the system modeling and short circuit calculation of the multi-terminal DC system after adding the DC circuit breaker are also of great significance for the design of DC power system parameters and the grid troubleshooting ability. In this paper, firstly, the parameters of the four-terminal DC system of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) are simplified, and the analytical solution of the short circuit fault current of the multi-terminal DC system is given. Then, the external characteristics of the cascaded hybrid DC circuit breaker are modeled. Based on the equivalent circuit of the fault current in different stages, the short circuit calculation method of four-terminal MMC system with DC circuit breaker is obtained. This method can effectively describe the overall trend of fault current and provide the basis for the configuration of DC line protection settings and DC circuit breaker related parameters.

A Type of Depth Fault Current Limiter Based on Fast Switch and its Experimental Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
Li Jun Qin ◽  
Xiao Teng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Fault Current Limiter ◽  
Fault Currents ◽  
Current Limiter

Along with the expansion of power system, the rapid growth of load in power system and large capacity generators continuously going into operation, the increasing of short-circuit current level cause a serious threat to the security of the power system. The contradiction between high fault currents and limited circuit breaker interrupting capacity is prominent, in order to limit high short-circuit current, reduce the energy loss of traditional fault current limiter, and improve the limiting depth, this paper presents an new fault current limiter (FCL), and analysis its ability of limiting short current.

scholarly journals Impact of Momentary Cessation Voltage Level in Inverter-Based Resources on Increasing the Short Circuit Current

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namki Choi ◽  
Bohyun Park ◽  
Hwanhee Cho ◽  
Byongjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Fault Currents ◽  
Current Calculation ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the impact of varying the momentary cessation (MC) voltage level on the short circuit current of inverter-based resources (IBRs). To analyze the impact of the IBR MC function on the short circuit current, this paper proposes an advanced IBR model for fault current calculation to reflect its fault characteristics and a scheme for analyzing the influence of MC on the short circuit current. Based on the proposed methods, the authors conducted case studies using planning data from the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). The influence of MC was investigated on the IBRs located at the southwest side of the KEPCO systems by screening the fault currents while varying the MC voltage. This paper demonstrates that the minimum MC voltage level needed for the fault current not to exceed the circuit breaker (CB) capacity can be proposed through analyzing the impact of MC voltage level on the short circuit current. The test results based on the proposed scheme showed that the short circuit current to power systems could not violate CB capacity if IBRs adjusted the MC voltage level higher than the lowest MC voltage level.

scholarly journals Development of Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
K. Siva Shankar ◽  
D. Gayatri ◽  
Ganesh B ◽  
T. Ramarao ◽  
N. Sai Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Short Period ◽  
In Series ◽  
Fast Acting

The rapid increase in population has more demand and consumption of electrical energy in the market, use of equipments such as electrical and electronic components are also costlier. In order to protect the system from overload, or short circuit here is one possibility, which is by fast acting electronic circuit breaker. A circuit breaker is an automatically operating switch designed to shut down the power supply when it is overloaded. The tripping depends on the current passing through the CT’s which is connected in series with load. The project is designed to develop the power supply which shuts down when it is overloaded by using a fast acting electronic circuit breaker. The concept of developing a electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that the conventional circuit breakers such as MCB’s and fuse take longer time to trip. Therefore for sensitive loads it is very important to activate the tripping mechanism within short period of time. We know that the Modern technologies are paramount to provide operational reliability and financial profitability, so it is very important to develop an electronic circuit breaker by using a micro controller arduino. Here an electronic circuit breaker is designed using arduino in which program is dumped and a particular is set so that the system can shut down when it is overloaded. Here the voltage is sensed and rectified to DC and then it is compared with a preset voltage by a level comparator to generate an output that drives a relay to trip the load. The relay is preferred in place of semiconductors because such solid state switches would invariably fail in case of accidental short circuits. This project is designed to overcome the drawback of thermal type of circuit breaker like MCB based on a thermal bimetal lever trip mechanism which is very slow. This project is based on the current sensing across a series element typically a CT (Current Transformer). The current sensed which is compared against the preset value proportional to the voltage by comparator which is inbuilt in arduino to generate an output that drives a relay to trip the load very fast.

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