scholarly journals Transdermal delivery of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): a mini review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raditya Weka Nugraheni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Transdermal Route

The transdermal route has several advantages over the oral route, especially for the drugs which significantly experience the first-pass effect in the liver. Another advantage of drug administration via the transdermal route is its non-invasive way and can be used by patients themselves. Also, it allows long-term use, thereby increasing patient compliance and is generally inexpensive. The development of transdermal preparation itself is not easy because of the permeability factor of drug ingredients through the skin is relatively low compared to the gastrointestinal route or mucous membrane because the skin is part of the body's defense system and prevents foreign materials to entering the body. The biggest challenge for drug administration via the transdermal route is that the limitations of drugs can be administrated through this route. NSAIDs are drugs that are widely used in chronic conditions and can cause serious gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore the transdermal route is expected to be a promising alternative in the future. The drug-loaded nanoparticle delivered using the iontophoresis method can improve the bioavailability of NSAIDs via the transdermal route.

Gastroprotection during long-term NSAID use – what we know after 120 years of observations?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Michał Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Nsaid Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications. The broad spectrum of side effects following long-term NSAID therapy includes mainly, but not only, gastrointestinal complications. Risk stratification of the gastrointestinal complications events is an important element of planning NSAIDs therapy, which allows to determine the indications for the use of proton pump inhibitors. This article presents the criteria for assessment and the method of adequate prevention of gastrointestinal side effects in patients receiving long-term NSAID therapy.

scholarly journals GENERALIZED ARGINIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Krivosheev ◽  
L. A Khvan ◽  
D. N Bobokhidze ◽  
I. A Krivosheeva ◽  
D. V Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Skin Hyperpigmentation ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Moment

A brief review of literature on the problem of argyria is presented. Hyperpigmentation of the skin in 10-20% of cases has an iatrogenic cause. Hyperpigmentation of the skin can form on the background of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, amiodarone, cytostatics, antimalarials, etc. Systemic deposition of silver in various organs and tissues is known as generalized argyria. The disease is caused by the prolonged use of compounds containing silver (lapis pencil, silver nitrate, etc.). Clinically, generalized arginia is characterized by the gradual appearance of ashy-bluish coloration of the skin of open areas of the body (face, neck) and nail plates of the phalanges of the hands. The period from the moment of the beginning of reception of preparations of silver and before occurrence of the first dermatological changes varies on the average from 1 year to 5 years. Generalized argiria is a rare disease. This is due to the limited use of silver drugs in clinical practice, as well as the improvement of technological processes in pharmacological production. The patient’s own observation with generalized arginia formed against the background of the long-term administration of the drug Argovit-S, whose silver content is 0.75-0.85 mg/ml, is analyzed. The patient took the drug alone as a food supplement for 25 years. The diagnosis of generalized arginia is verified clinically, but is confirmed necessarily in the course of histological examination. It is shown that argyria is not only the iatrogenic cause of skin hyperpigmentation, but a serious risk factor for the manifestation and progression of liver cirrhosis. Patients with generalized arginia should undergo a comprehensive examination in order to verify the serious pathology of internal organs.

scholarly journals Microbiome engineering could select for more virulent pathogens

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke McNally ◽  
Pedro F Vale ◽  
Sam P Brown
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Pathogen Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Damage Limitation ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Recent insights into the human microbiome offer the hope of manipulating its composition to help fight infectious diseases. While this strategy has shown huge potential, its consequences for pathogen evolution have not been explored. Here we show that manipulating the microbiome to increase the competition that pathogens face could lead to the evolution of increased production of virulence factors that pathogens use to combat commensals, an evolutionary response that can increase total disease induced mortality in the long-term. However, if treatment with microbiome engineering is sufficiently aggressive this evolutionary response can be avoided and the pathogen eradicated. Furthermore, we show that using damage limitation therapies (e.g. anti-virulence and anti-inflammatory drugs) in combination with microbiome manipulation increases the potential for pathogen eradication. While manipulating our microbiota offers a promising alternative to antibiotics, our results show that these treatments must be designed with careful consideration of the potential evolutionary responses of target pathogens.

Phytolaserophoresis as Integrative Approach to the Treatment of Chronic Internal Organs Diseases

10.12737/5764 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Касаева ◽  
E. Kasaeva ◽  
Купеев ◽  
R. Kupeev ◽  
Купеев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Regulatory Functions

This article describes the development history and basic principles of a modern therapy method - phytolaserophoresis. It provides complex treating impact on chronic diseases, taking into account additional pathogenic disorders of nerve and endocrine regulation. Data analysis of patients with various internal chronic pathologies, revealed the primary role of osteochondrosis and other degenerative disc diseases in maintaining chronic pathological processes. Osteochondrosis doesn’t an isolated problem of the musculoskeletal system, it leads to hypoxia of the brain, the excitement of sub-cortical centers of self-regulation and, as a consequence, in violation of the nervous and endocrine regulation. Treatment by means of phytolaserophoresis method implies soft methods of therapeutic effects on central and peripheral factors to chronic disease. After normalization of the regulatory functions of the body, against the background of recovery of homeostasis and microcirculation in organs, the targeted therapeutic effect at the site of the problem becomes more efficient and can achieve a significant improvement and long-term remission. Advantages of the technique are its non-invasive, absence side effects, available technical and material resources and the possibility of applying the method in medical establishments of any capacity.

scholarly journals Urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored at room temperature in vacuum bags

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanshuang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Jianqiang Wu ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive

Urine accumulates traces of changes that occur in the body and can potentially serve as a better biomarker source. Urinary nucleic acids are a promising class of non-invasive disease biomarkers. However, long-term frozen human urine samples are not a good source for the extraction of nucleic acids. In this paper, we demonstrate that urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored in vacuum bags at room temperature for several months. The amount of total RNA on the membranes after storage at room temperature for three months was unchanged. The levels of miR-16 and miR-21 exhibited no significant differences (P = 0.564, 0.386). This simple and economical method makes the large-scale storage of clinical samples of urinary nucleic acids possible.

scholarly journals Long term EIT based compliance monitoring in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Imanol Isasa Reinoso ◽  
Rongqing Chen ◽  
András Lovas ◽  
Knut Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Phenotype Classification ◽  
Continuous Technology

Abstract The COVID-19 is a viral infection that causes respiratory complications. Infected lungs often present ground glass opacities, thus suggesting that medical imaging technologies could provide useful information for the disease diagnosis, treatment, and posterior recovery. The Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive, radiationfree, and continuous technology that generates images by using a sequence of current injections and voltage measurements around the body, making it very appropriate for the study to monitor the regional behaviour of the lung. Moreover, this tool could also be used for a preliminary COVID-19 phenotype classification of the patients. This study is based on the monitoring of lung compliances of two COVID-19-infected patients: the results indicate that one of them could belong to the H-type, while the other is speculated belongs to L-type. It has been concluded that the EIT is a useful tool to obtain information regarding COVID-19 patients and could also be used to classify different phenotypes.

New possibilities in the treatment of uterine body myomas – HIFU-technology

2017 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
T.M. Kozarenko ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Karacharova ◽  
V.N. Goncharenko ◽  
A.N. Klyusov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uterine Myoma ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ultrasound Ablation ◽  
Clinically Significant

The technology of HIFU-ablation has a number of advantages in comparison with other methods of treatment of patients with uterine myoma, since it is non-invasive, organ-preserving, has no clinically significant general effect on the body, is not accompanied by a long period of rehabilitation and temporary disability. The objective: was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of women with uterine myoma by optimizing the protocols of ultrasound ablation. Patients and methods. The clinical material consisted of 90 remote ultrasound ablations for women diagnosed with «symptomatic myoma of the uterus body», which were performed at KMECC, the Center for Nuclear Medicine. The procedure was carried out on a JC apparatus (manufactured by: Chongqing Haifu (HIFU) Technology Co., Ltd., China). Results. The power during treatment was 350±70 W, the total energy was 282 487±47 650 J, the average time of insonation was 765±137 s. With dynamic observation, the regression of the volume of myoma nodes on average averaged 25±14.6% after 1 month, 33±12.9% after 3 months, and 61±17.8% after 6 months. But 4 (9,7%) patients had an unsatisfactory effect after the procedure, and the treatment was continued. All patients recorded a decrease in clinical symptoms already in the first month after the procedure. When the procedure was performed, 5 (12.2%) patients had a first-degree skin burn, 14 (34.1%) women had a short-term increase in body temperature to 37.6°C on the day of the procedure, which stabilized independently in for 3 days, in 1 (2.4%) – cystitis. The conclusion. The method is selective, does not damage surrounding tissues, thereby being safe for the endometrium, which is important for maintaining fertility. The area of fibrosis, which is formed after treatment and the regression process of the myoma node, is safe for further gestation. For the clinical evaluation of this method, its impact on the quality of life, immediate and long-term results, further accumulation and analysis of the clinical material is necessary. Key words: uterine myoma, local adenomyosis, ultrasonic ablation, HIFU-technology, treatment.

ASSESSMENT OF STRESS LEVELS DURING PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO AN IRRITANT ON THE BODY

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Виктория Эдуардовна Безносова ◽  
Ирина Анатольевна Аполлонова ◽  
Александр Петрович Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Prolonged Stress

В современном мире большинство жителей крупных городов подвергается постоянному стрессу. При длительном воздействии стрессора на организм адаптационная энергия исчерпывается, вследствие чего возникает риск развития тяжелых заболеваний. Перманентный стресс может спровоцировать ряд нарушений со стороны кровеносной, иммунной, репродуктивной систем, ЖКТ, метаболических процессов, привести к психоэмоциональным нарушениям. На сегодняшний день не существует системы регистрации длительного стресса, которая была бы полезна для психологических и медицинских центров для более качественного отслеживания состояния здоровья пациента и для более точного подбора вида реабилитации. В статье представлено описание стадий развития стресса, приведены возможные последствия длительного стресса на организм, инвазивные и неинвазивные методы регистрации уровня стресса, обоснован выбор устройства для системы регистрации длительного стресса, представлена система регистрации уровня стресса при длительном воздействии стрессора на организм. Система состоит из следующих блоков: пульсометр (устройство, регистрирующее ЧСС), сервер (хранение, обработка, анализ данных), мобильное устройство, компьютеры, пользователь, врачи и психологи (медицинские и психологические центры). Создание безопасной, защищенной, доступной системы, которая включает в себя точный сбор данных, грамотную программу анализа, обработки данных, качественное соединение и обратную связь, позволит людям своевременно выявлять истощение организма и предотвращать различные заболевания Nowadays most people are constantly stressed, especially those who live in large cities. With prolonged exposure to the stressor on the body adaptive energy is exhausted, and there is a risk of developing of serious diseases as a result. Permanent stress can provoke a number of disorders from the circulatory, immune and reproductive systems, gastrointestinal tract, metabolic processes, and lead to psycho-emotional disorders. Now there is no system for recording long-term stress that would be useful for psychological and medical centers for better monitoring of the patient’s health and for more accurate selection of the type of rehabilitation. This article describes the stages of stress development, provides the possible consequences of prolonged stress on the body, invasive and non-invasive methods for recording the level of stress, it also justifies the choice of a device for the registration of long-term stress and provides a system for recording the level of stress with prolonged exposure to the stressor on the body. The system consists of the following blocks: a heart rate monitor (a device that records heart rate), a server (storage, processing, data analysis), a mobile device, computers, a user, doctors and psychologists (medical and psychological centers). The creation of a safe, secure, affordable system, which includes accurate data collection, a competent program of analysis, data processing, high-quality connection and feedback, will allow people to detect exhaustion and prevent various diseases in time

scholarly journals Urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored at room temperature in vacuum bags

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanshuang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Jianqiang Wu ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive

Urine accumulates traces of changes that occur in the body and can potentially serve as a better biomarker source. Urinary nucleic acids are a promising class of non-invasive disease biomarkers. However, long-term frozen human urine samples are not a good source for the extraction of nucleic acids. In this paper, we demonstrate that urinary nucleic acids can be concentrated, dried on membranes and stored in vacuum bags at room temperature for several months. The amount of total RNA on the membranes after storage at room temperature for three months was unchanged. The levels of miR-16 and miR-21 exhibited no significant differences (P = 0.564, 0.386). This simple and economical method makes the large-scale storage of clinical samples of urinary nucleic acids possible.

Experimental use of stereotactic radiosurgery in non-invasive interventions in arrhythmology

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Taimasova ◽  
VA Vaskovskiy ◽  
NA Antipina ◽  
AV Golanov ◽  
ASH Revishvili
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Target Zones ◽  
Av Node ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stereotactic Treatment

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Non-invasive stereotactic treatment with particle beam may be considered as a promising alternative to catheter ablation in patients with different types of tachyarrhythmias. Purpose the purpose of the experimental study was to develop a technique for stereotactic radioablation in order to create a stable functional and morphological damage in heart tissue with subsequent analysis of precision, efficiency and safety of the exposure in the long-term observation period. Materials and methods The research was carried out on four domestic pigs. The animals were 10-12 weeks old, the average weight was 30 ± 2.7 kg. Beam delivering linear accelerator was used during the experiment. Animals were divided into groups according to the zones of planned radiation exposure: 1st animal – atrioventricular (AV) node (dose 35 Gy), 2nd animal - AV node and the apex of the left ventricle (LV) (dose 40/35 Gy, respectively), 3rd animal - pulmonary veins muscle sleeves and left atrium (dose 30 Gy), 4th - AV node and free wall of the LV (dose 45/40 Gy, respectively). Under intravenous sedation with hemodynamic monitoring, contrast-based CT scan of the heart was performed to assess the degree of displacement of the heart chambers in one respiratory and cardiac cycle- and to assess the anatomy of the chambers of the heart and adjacent organs. The allocation and the contouring of the target zones were carried out in three projections: axial, frontal and sagittal. For electrophysiological control, loop recorders were implanted in each animal. The average exposure time was 11 ± 7 minutes. The long-term follow-up period was six months, followed by morphological examination of autopsy material. The study followed the "Principles of laboratory animal care". Results The average follow-up period after the experiment was 134.75 ± 77.34 days. The electrophysiological effect of the ablation was considered to be achieved in cases of complete AV-block development. This effect was developed in two out of three animals, whose AV-node was exposed: 2nd animal - 40 Gy on 108th day of observation and 4th animal - 45 Gy on 21st day of observation. No cardiac arrhythmias were recorded in all cases. The results of macro- and microscopic examination showed significant changes in the target zones. These areas had precise but uneven damage boundaries, which were within the planned ones (conformal exposure with a high degree of precision). The transmural nature of the changes was noted as well (pic. 1 A, B, C). Massive fields of fibrous tissue of various degrees of maturity (with a predominance of subepicardial localization) with focal hemorrhages of various ages and granulations were detected, which were surrounded by cardiomyocytes with coagulated and vacuolated cytoplasm (pic. 1 D, E, F). Conclusion The use of non-invasive stereotactic treatment of tachyarrhythmias has high potential in modern arrhythmology as an alternative ablation method. Abstract Figure. Macro- and microscopic results

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