scholarly journals In vivo antiplasmodial potential of Carrageenan and Prosopis africana buccal films of artemether on malariogenic mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Petra Nnamani ◽  
Ogechukwu Nnadi ◽  
Emmanuel Ibezim ◽  
Ebere Ayogu ◽  
Joy Reginald-Opara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Film Casting ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Prosopis Africana ◽  
Amorphous Nanoparticle ◽  
Buccal Films ◽  
Membrane Methods

Objective: To deliver bioadhesive buccal films of artemether (ART) with ability to adhere, hydrate and release drug across the buccal membrane. Methods: Buccal films prepared by film casting using carrageenan (CAR) and Prosopis africana (PRO) were characterized by size, zeta potential, texture, water content, morphology, thermal and interaction studies, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity in mice. Results: Films were stable with sizes (2442 and 835 nm), water content (21 and 15 %), bioadhesivity (24 and 9.4 %) and film thickness (0.18 and 0.28 mm) for CARART and PROART respectively. Enthalpy of CARART, PROART and ART were 76, 22 and 88 J/g where as parasitaemia reduction of 67 and 76 % were observed for CARART and PROART respectively. Conclusion: Though CARART had better water content and bioadhesivity necessary for film hydration at buccal membrane, PROART eventually had superior buccal performance perhaps due to its film thickness and amorphous nanoparticle subdivision. Key words: Artemether; Carrageenan; Prosopis africana; Sublingual buccal films; Malaria

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in experimental brain edema in a rat model

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Bederson ◽  
Henry M. Bartkowski ◽  
Kirkland Moon ◽  
Meredith Halks-Miller ◽  
Merry C. Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Nmr Relaxation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nmr Relaxation Times

✓ Many aspects of the use of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in the examination of brain edema have not been fully explored. These include the quantitation of edema fluid, the ability to distinguish between various types of edema, and the extent to which tissue changes other than a change in water content can affect NMR relaxation times. The authors have compared NMR relaxation times obtained by both in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in vitro NMR spectroscopy of brain-tissue samples from young adult rats with cold lesions, fluid-percussion injury, hypoxic-ischemic injury, bacterial cerebritis, and cerebral tumor. Changes in relaxation times were compared with changes in brain water content, cerebral blood volume, and the results of histological examination. In general, both in vivo and in vitro longitudinal relaxation times (T1) and transverse relaxation times (T2) were prolonged in the injured hemispheres of all experimental groups. Water content of tissue from the injured hemispheres was increased in all groups. A linear correlation between T2 (but not T1) and water content was found. Changes in the values of T1 and T2 could be used to distinguish tumor from cold-injured tissue. Cerebral blood volume was reduced in the injured hemispheres and correlated inversely with prolongation of T1 and T2. The results of this study suggest that, in a clinical setting, prolongation of T2 is a better indicator of increased water content than prolongation of T1, yet quantitation of cerebral edema based solely upon prolongation of in vivo or in vitro T1 and T2 should be undertaken with caution.

Correlation of Structural Changes at Different Levels of the Jejunal Villus with Positive and Negative Net Water Transport in Vivo and in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. McElligott ◽  
I. T. Beck ◽  
P. K. Dinda ◽  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Different Levels

Experiments were done for identification and localization of certain structural changes at different levels of jejunal villus of the hamster during positive and negative water transport across the intestine in vivo and in vitro. Positive transport occurred when the mucosal surface of the intestine was bathed (in vitro experiments) or perfused (in vivo experiments) with isotonic Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate solution containing 10 mM glucose, and negative water transport was achieved by rendering this solution hypertonic with 150 mM mannitol. Results indicate that during positive net water transport, the intestine in vivo transported more fluid and exhibited a more conspicuous dilatation of the lateral intercellular spaces (L.I.S.) than did the in vitro preparation. Dilatation of the L.I.S. in both preparations was present only in the apical part of the villus, suggesting that this is the principal site of water absorption. When the mucosal solution was made hypertonic with mannitol, the L.I.S. in the in vivo intestine totally collapsed, whereas in the in vitro intestine these spaces remained open very slightly. These morphological changes correspond well with our finding that in the presence of the hypertonic mucosal solution there was a greater net negative water transport in vivo than in vitro. Incubation of the intestine in the isotonic mucosal solution produced subnuclear swelling of the mid-villus epithelial cells, and this morphological change was associated with an increase in the water content of the tissue. Perfusion of the in vivo intestine with the isotonic solution produced neither the swellings nor the increase in water content of the tissue. In the presence of hypertonic mucosal solution there was a water loss from the tissue both in vivo and in vitro, and these swellings were not observed. These results are discussed in relation to intestinal sugar transport and to the maturity of the epithelial cells, and it is concluded that transport studies on in vitro preparations may provide valid information on a qualitative basis, if not on a strictly quantitative basis.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo characterization of domperidone-loaded fast dissolving buccal films

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal M. Zayed ◽  
Saleh Abd-El Rasoul ◽  
Mohamed A. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammed S. Saddik ◽  
Doaa H. Alshora
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Characterization ◽  
Buccal Films

Design and preparation acid-activated montmorillonite sustained-release drug delivery system for dexibuprofen in vitro and in vivo evaluations

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Lele Zhao ◽  
Ziliang Zheng ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Yidan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Release Drug

scholarly journals Effect of Dichloroacetate on Recovery of Brain Lactate, Phosphorus Energy Metabolites, and Glutamate during Reperfusion after Complete Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Hong Chang ◽  
Hiroaki Shimizu ◽  
Hisashi Abiko ◽  
Raymond A. Swanson ◽  
Alan I. Faden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ischemic Period ◽  
Complete Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Lactate

The effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) on brain lactate, intracellular pH (pHi), phosphocreatine (PCr), and ATP during 60 min of complete cerebral ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were investigated in rats by in vivo 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy; brain lactate, water content, cations, and amino acids were measured in vitro after reperfusion. DCA, 100 mg/kg, or saline was infused before or immediately after the ischemic period. Preischemic treatment with DCA did not affect brain lactate or pHi during ischemia, but reduced lactate and increased pHi after 30 min of reperfusion ( p < 0.05 vs. controls) and facilitated the recovery of PCr and ATP during reperfusion. Postischemic DCA treatment also reduced brain lactate and increased pHi during reperfusion compared with controls ( p < 0.05), but had little effect on PCr, ATP, or Pi during reperfusion. After 30 min of reperfusion, serum lactate was 67% lower in the postischemic DCA group than in controls ( p < 0.05). The brain lactate level in vitro was 46% lower in the postischemic DCA group than in controls ( p < 0.05). DCA did not affect water content or cation concentrations in either group, but it increased brain glutamate by 40% in the preischemic treatment group ( p < 0.05). The potential therapeutic effects of DCA on brain injury after complete ischemia may be mediated by reduced excitotoxin release related to decreased lactic acidosis during reperfusion.

Effect of thermal stress on the water content of rabbit (Lepus cuniculus) erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
H. Kogawa ◽  
M. Satoh ◽  
Y. Onoyama ◽  
K. Hirokawa ◽  
M. Tsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Water Content

Preparation and characterization of modified chitosan for in vitro controlled release of vitamin B12

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Awadallah-F ◽  
Tahia B. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Acryloyl Chloride ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Increase With Increase

Abstract Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile and acryloyl chloride on to chitosan was prepared by γ-rays. Optimization of the grafting (%) was studied. The grafting (%) was observed to increase with increase in the irradiation dose and monomer concentration. The grafting percentages were about 52% and 36% from polyacrylonitrile and poly(acryloyl chloride), respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the specimens. The modified chitosan was loaded with vitamin B12, demonstrated nearly 5.0±2.3% and 50.1±4.5% release in the media of pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively, for amidoximated chitosan-grafted polyacrylonitrile and 3.6±1.1% and 36±2.4% in pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively, for chitosan-grafted poly(acryloyl chloride), as determined by a traditional dissolution model. The modified chitosan specimens that uploaded with vitamin B12 displayed a more decremental release in the acidic medium than the neutral one. However, in order to incorporate in vivo gastrointestinal conditions, such as acidic pH and high water content in the stomach, low water content, and the presence of semi-solid mass in the large intestine, a new model, called flow through diffusion cell, was also used to study the drug release. The results of the two approaches produced different release profiles at the same pH values.

scholarly journals Estimation of In Vivo Water Content of the Stratum Corneum from Electrical Measurements

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorm Krogh Johnsen ◽  
Ø.G Martinsen ◽  
S Grimnes
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Equilibrium Water Content

In vivo water content in the epidermal stratum corneum can be estimated by means of low frequency susceptance measurements. In the in vitro calibration necessary to find the in vivo water content, the stratum corneum will have a uniform distribution of water across its thickness. However, in vivo stratum corneum has an increasing water concentration profile from the outermost towards the innermost parts. This paper will investigate the possibility of estimating the equilibrium water content in the in vivo stratum corneum non-invasively from electrical susceptance measurements. Given a known shape of the water concentration profile in the in vivo stratum corneum and the dependence of susceptance on the water content, it is possible to calculate the water content in vivo based on analytically derived expressions for the water concentration profile. A correspondence between in vivo and in vitro water content needed for this purpose is also established.

scholarly journals Development of Tizanidine HCl-Meloxicam loaded mucoadhesive buccal films: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0194410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Zaib Ali Shaheryar
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Buccal Films
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