scholarly journals Zarawand Mudharaj (Aristolochia rotunda Linn.), an important medicinal plant used in Unani system of medicine: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
Athar Parvez Ansari ◽  
Huzaifa Ansari ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Butt ◽  
Ifra Qayoom ◽  
N. Zaheer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Aristolochic Acid ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Background: Zarawand Mudharaj (Aristolochia rotunda L.) belongs to family Aristolochiaceae. According to Unani scholars, it is a female plant of Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut. (Syn. A. longa L.), usually found growing in Mediterranean regions, Central Asia and South Europe. Purpose of the review: The main aim of this review is to highlight various aspects of Zarawand Mudharaj such as temperament, botanical description, pharmacological properties, therapeutic uses etc, as mentioned in Unani literature that will ultimately guide researchers to design various studies for further exploration of this important medicinal plant. Materials and methods: The present review has been carried out through extensive literature survey of various classical Unani and botanical texts, and published papers available on different search engines. The botanical names and their synonyms were validated through ‘The Plant List’ (www.theplantlist.org). Results: In Unani medicine, the rhizome of Zarawand Mudharaj is used for the treatment of several ailments viz. stomach and liver diseases, jaundice, cough, septic wounds, splenomegaly, gout etc. Apart from its use as single drug, it has also been added in many compound preparations viz. Anqarooya-i-Kabir, Habb-i-Rewand, Majun Falasifa, Majun Dabeedul Ward etc. A study on physicochemical standardization of rhizome of Aristolochia rotunda L. has reported the presence of moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulphated ash, alcohol and water-soluble extractive values within normal limits. The same study has also revealed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of rhizome of Aristolochia rotunda L. possesses significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver toxicity in albino Wistar rats. Several toxicity reports have pointed out that aristolochic acid containing herbal drugs including Aristolochia rotunda L. cause renal impairment and other serious adverse reactions.  Conclusion: It is concluded that Aristolochia rotunda L. is widely used in Unani system of medicine. However, extensive studies on pharmacognosy, pharmacology, toxicology, phytochemistry and quality control of different parts of this potential medicinal plant have not been carried out so far. Therefore, such studies on modern scientific parameters may be conducted for further exploration so that the benefits may reach the masses. Keywords: Zarawand Mudharaj; Aristolochia rotunda L.; Unani medicine; Hepatoprotective; Aristolochic acid; Toxicity

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ACTINIOPTERIS RADIATA

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
KANDUKURI GOURI SANKAR ◽  
BENDI SRI VENKATESWARLU
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: The medicinal plants have been using to treat ailments since ancient times. The recent advances in science and technology impel humans to evaluate medicinal plants therapeutic efficiency and isolation of bioactive compounds in pure forms before their use in development of new drugs and their derivatives. But even now, abundant medicinal plants unevaluated scientifically. The current study was aimed to explore phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Actiniopteris radiata root parts. Methods: Standard procedures have been used to perform phytochemical analysis. Antioxidant activity was carried using In vitro methods on superoxide, hydroxyl, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Hepatoprotective activity was studied by paracetamol-induced liver toxicity on WISTAR albino rats. The parameters assessed were Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT/AST), Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels. Results: The tested extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic) possess biologically active compounds such as sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids. The hydro-alcoholic extract has more phenolic contents (24.28±0.3) and flavonoid contents (22.68±0.6). The extracts showed dose dependent activity on tested free radicals and extracts showed more percentage inhibition at 320µg. The hydro-alcoholic extract showed more percentage inhibition i.e. 71.00±2.08 on DPPH free radical, 79.67±1.20 on hydroxyl free radical and 80.33±1.20 on superoxide free radical. As antioxidant activity of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts was less and they also showed less percentage protection on liver toxicity, hydro-alcoholic extract showed more percentage protection on biomedical enzyme levels of liver toxicity at high concentration i.e., 400 mg/kg b.w. The percentage protection on the enhancement of AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP, and total bilirubin levels were 82.24%, 82.14%, 84.18%, and 82.85% are significant (P<0.01) as Liv52 shown percentage protection on the enhancement of Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels were 93.58%, 92.83%, 94.67% and 93.57%. Conclusion: The current study was aimed to explore phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Actiniopteris radiata root parts extracts. The outcome of the current research results provides scientific evidence of the traditional usage of Actiniopteris radiata.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity of Acampe praemorsa

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Uppala ◽  
G. S. N. Koteswara Rao ◽  
A. Rajasekhar Reddy ◽  
K. Umasankar ◽  
C. Joshitha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Altered Liver

Introduction: Liver is one of major functional organ in body, its damage can alter body metabolisms and other organs’ function. So, it is very important to maintain the healthy liver. Now a days, different chemicals and inadequate use of medicines are causing liver impairments including alcohol consumption. There is a need to identify safe hepatoprotective drugs against liver diseases from different natural resources including medicinal plants. Several medicinal plants have been using in traditional medicines against several diseases including liver disease and many of them are not scientifically proven. So, the current study was aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective nature of Acampe praemorsa. Methodology: The hepatoprotective activity of A. praemorsa was carried on ethanol-induced liver toxicity on albino wistar rats by evaluating the levels of liver biomarker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein (T.ptn), and Total bilirubin (T.Bil). Results: The extracts of Acampe praemorsa were found to be safe at different doses as there were no mortality and physio-psychological changes observed in toxicity study. The extracts of Acampe praemorsa has showed dose dependent hepatoprotective activity on controlling the altered liver biomarker enzymes when compared along with standard drug Liv 52. The hydroalcoholic extract showed better activity compared to ethyl acetate extracts. The percentage protection on liver biomarker enzymes levels of hydro-alcoholic extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg on AST, ALT, ALP, T.ptn, and T.Bil was found to be 62.72%, 60.06%, 61.77%, 63.96% and 58.58% respectively. Conclusion: The results of recent study support traditional medicinal use of Acampe praemorsa and provides the information about its’ hepatoprotective nature. The hepatoprotective activity of A. praemorsa was definitely due to presence of different phytochemical compounds in it as it was compared with Liv 52 which was also an herbal drug.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Hepatoprotective Activity of Elytraria acaulis

2021 ◽  
pp. 704-712
Author(s):  
K. Gouri Sankar ◽  
B. Sri Venkateswarlu ◽  
M. Venkata Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Introduction: The emerging of new diseases, resistance to contemporary using drugs and inadequate usage of commonly available drugs leading to different side effects and sometimes to mortality. So, there is need to identify efficient drugs from easily available sources. Traditional medicines from medicinal plants have been using since ancient times to treat different diseases, are easily available herbal formulations and there were still many medicinal plants were unexplored about their therapeutic potentiality. So, the current research is aimed to explore phytochemical constituent and hepatoprotective potentiality of Elytraria acaulis on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. Methodology: The root parts Elytraria acaulis were used for extraction through maceration procedure using hexane, ethyl acetate and hydro-alcoholic (70% ethanol). The dried extracts used for further for phytochemical analysis using standard procedures and evaluated liver protection on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity by estimating liver bio markable enzymes such as AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP and total bilirubin levels. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening of E. acaulis extracts revealed the presence of different phytochemical constituents like steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates in them. The hydroalcoholic extract has more flavonoid content i.e., 23.84±0.28 (mg/gm) than other two extracts. The tested three extracts of E. acaulis had showed concentration dependent hepatoprotective activity. Among three extracts hydro-alcoholic extract had more potentially compared to other two extracts. The percentage protection produced by the hydro-alcoholic extract on the enhancement of AST(SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP and total bilirubin levels were 21.54%, 21.94%, 21.20%, and 20.52%, 36.27%, 38.26%, 37.55% and 36.14%, 67.76%, 70.04%, 69.83% and 68.61% respectively. Conclusion: The Elytraria acaulis root extracts had showed significant biological activities and own different phytochemical constituents. The hydroalcoholic extract possess more phenolic, flavonoid contents and the same had showed more potentiality against liver toxicity. The current results offer vital information about the traditional medicinal value of it. The further research is valuable and is under progress in evaluation of different biological activities and isolation of individual bioactive molecules from E. acaulis.

Hepatoprotective activity of the wild carrot chloroform-based fraction against CCl4-induced liver toxicity in mice

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Shebaby ◽  
M El-Sibai ◽  
M Mroueh ◽  
K Bodman-Smith ◽  
R Taleb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Wild Carrot

Hepatoprotective Activity of Calotropis gigantea Root Bark Experimental Liver Damage Induced by D-Galactosamine in Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Pradeep Deshmukh ◽  
Tanaji Nandgude ◽  
Mahendra Singh Rathode ◽  
Anil Midha ◽  
Nitin Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Liver ◽  
Hepatoprotective Drug

The suspensions of alcoholic extract of root bark of the plant Calotropis gigantea in 0.6% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in Wistar albino rats by inducing hepatic injury with D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg). Alcoholic extract of root bark of the plant Calotropis gigantea at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) protection effect by normalizing the levels of aspartate amino transferase (ASAT/ GOT), alanine amino transferase (ALAT/GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were significantly (P<0.001) increased in rats by treatment with 400 mg/kg i.p. of D-galactosamine. Silymarin (25 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective drug used for comparison exhibited significant activity (P<0.001).

Glucan isolated from leaves of Althaea officinalis L.

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 2082-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Kardošová ◽  
Jozef Rosík ◽  
Rudolf Toman ◽  
Peter Capek
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Althaea Officinalis ◽  
C Nmr

A water-soluble low-molecular D-glucan was isolated from leaves of the medicinal plant marsh-mallow (Althaea officinalis L.). The results of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, and 13C NMR data indicated a virtually linear structure with α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds.

ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Activity of Water-Soluble 4-Propylphenols Containing a Hydrophilic Group in the Alkyl Chain (I).

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (34) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
N. V. Kandalintseva ◽  
O. I. Dyubchenko ◽  
E. I. Terakh ◽  
A. E. Prosenko ◽  
Ya. Sh. Shvarts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydrophilic Group

scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF MAJOR PHYTOCHEMICALS OF SWERTIA CHIRAYITA, A MEDICINAL PLANT FROM NEPAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Phoboo ◽  
Marcia Da Silva Pinto ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha ◽  
Kalidas Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Swertia Chirayita ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Swertia chirayita is an important medicinal plant from Nepal with anti-diabetic, anti-pyretic, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory potential and used in therapeutic herbal preparations in parts of South Asia. The main phytochemicals in crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different plant parts of Swertia chirayita collected from nine different districts of Nepal representing West, East and Central Nepal were quantified using HPLC/DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection). The quantities of these phytochemicals were also compared between wild and cultivated plant parts of Swertia chirayita. Amarogentin, mangiferin, swertiamarin were the main phytochemicals in all extracts. The highest quantity of all the three phytochemicals was found in IL (inflorescence and leaf mixture) of all the collected plants samples. There was no significant difference in the amounts of these three phytochemicals between extracts from wild and cultivated plants. The result from this study substantiates the validity of cultivated Swertia chirayita for medicinal purposes and trade.Key words:  Swertia chirayita; HPLC/DAD; Wild; Cultivated; Phytochemicals; Quantification; Mangiferin; Swertiamarin; AmarogentinDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4118EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 17, 2010Page: 59-68Uploaded date: 3 January, 2011

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