Evaluation of the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of an aqueous extract of plant polyphenols (helichrysum maracandicum)

This study investigated in vivo and in vitro the effects of helmar 2 polyphenol extracts isolated from the plant Helichrysum maracandicum in the conditions of toxic hepatitis poisoned by carbon dioxide (CCl4) in rats. The experiments were performed on healthy male rats and grouped hepatitis model animals with CCl4. In toxic hepatitis, helmar 2 polyphenol extracts at a dose of 20 mg/kg showed an inhibitory effect on hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Evidently, the inhibitory effect of polyphenol extracts on the peroxidation of hepatic mitochondrial lipids was very close to that of the hepatoprotective drug silymarin.

Liver drug damage: possibilities of polyionic succinate-methioninic complex during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Medicinal liver damage is an important problem not only in the framework of hepatology and gastroenterology, but also for internal medicine in general, which is due to the difficulties of correct and timely diagnosis of this pathology. In the first part of the review, the main mechanisms of liver tissue damage and clinical and formological manifestations of drug-induced liver damage are considered.The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), spread by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a challenge to health systems around the world. The global clinical experience gained over the past year in the management of patients with a new coronavirus infection makes it possible to highlight a number of relevant clinical aspects, one of which is drug-induced liver damage associated with the treatment of COVID-19. In the second part of the review, the possible mechanisms of influence of COVID-19 on the hepatobiliary system are considered, which include viral cytotoxicity, a secondary effect of immune dysregulation; hypoxia as a result of respiratory failure and subsequent ischemic liver damage; reactivation of already existing liver pathology and drug damage to the liver. It has been established that a large number of drugs used to treat COVID-19 - antiviral agents, antibacterials, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids and others - have hepatoxic effects and can cause liver damage. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, for patients with a new coronavirus infection and drug-induced liver damage, a rational, pathogenetically justified choice of a hepatoprotective drug is of particular importance. In the final part of the review, the possibilities of the polyionic succinate-methionine complex in the treatment of drug-induced liver damage are considered and a clinical example of the drug application in a patient with drug-induced liver damage during treatment with COVID-19 is given.

Hepatoprotective activity of Chamaecrista nigricans in Experimental Rats

An important ethnomedicinal plant Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene, widely used for antipyretic, appetite, family planning, fevers, sore throat, wounds and various gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhoea and peptic ulcer. In the present study, acute toxicity and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract alone were carried out in experimental animals approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. In acute toxicity studies, there was no mortality in animals when the extracts tested as per OECD guidelines. Regarding hepatoprotective activity, methanol leaf extract significantly reduced the increased level of serum marker enzymes such as ACP, ALP, ALT, AST and Total bilirubin. The protective effect of the methanol extract was also confirmed by histopathological examination which supports that the methanol leaf extract repaired the liver damage caused by CCl4. Thus the present study provides scientific evidence to the extracts of their hepatoprotective potential against liver damage and offers lead for further research in drug development. Keywords: Ethnomedicine; Chamaecrista Nigricans; Acute Toxicity; Hepatoprotective; Drug Development

DYNAMICS OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF BLOOD IN FRESH COWS ON THE BACKGROUND OF HEPATOPROTECTOR APPLICATION

The influence of a new injectable hepatoprotective drug livasen in the prevention of hepatosis in highly productive fresh cows has been studied. The performed pharmacoprophylaxis has shown high efficiency in the correction of diseases of the hepatobiliary system and metabolic insufficiency.

Comparative effectiveness of anti-fibrosis treatment in patients after HCV infection and in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Due to the high prevalence of NAFLD and CHC, these two pathologies will progress and contribute to the progression of fibrosis. Unfortunately, nowadays there is no single treatment strategy for such patients. That is why, in most cases a variety of treatment regimens on the base of different hepatoprotectors are prescribed. Instead, there is evidence that the use of some hepatoprotectors has no influence on fibrotic processes in the liver or can even exacerbate them. In order to study the antifibrotic effect of hepatoprotectors in patients with posthepatic fibrosis after HCV infection and in patients with NAFLD, we studied the results of prescribing the hepatoprotective drug bicyclol.

Resveratrol: A Pleiotropic Phytoconstituent

Resveratrol (RSV) is a plant polyphenol or phytolexin phytoconstituents obtained from the grapes, berries, peanut, and wine. RSV is obtained from natural source and regarded as safe, effective, and hepatoprotective drug with no other serious organ toxicities are reported yet. This property of RSV makes it advantageous over the allopathic medicine having symptomatic cure and plethora of adverse effects. It’s a cheap and widely available phytoconstituent approved in the global market in the active form as trans-resveratrol. It has multiple pharmacological actions including, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, anti-parkinsonian, anti-alzheimers, antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic effects. These effects are mediated via modulation of diverse underlying endogenous molecules like reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, malonaldehyde, neutrophil, sirtulin, cyclo-oxygenase, inducible nitric oxide syntheses, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, alpha-secretase, metalloproteinases, C-reactive protein, dopamine, nor-adrenaline, serotonin, cytokines (interleukins), nuclear factor kappa, signal transducer activator of transcription, brain derived neural nactor, neuropeptide, hypothalamo-pitutary axis, astroglia, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate, adrenergic, cholinergic, opioidergic, and purinergic receptors. Researchers are trying to explore its additional health benefits and preparing new analogues for better survival in the field. Present review will help to enlighten the multi-target pleiotropic pharmacological nature of a RSV in relation to the variety of the molecular targets modulation through extensive web science literature survey.

Metabolic changes on the background of acute exposure to paracetamol and evaluation of the effectiveness of hepatoprotective drug

Introduction. In modern conditions, caused by the pandemic of a new type of viral infection Covid 19, the use of paracetamol, which has hepatotoxic properties in overdose, has increased. It seems relevant to study metabolic disorders in the liver in acute paracetamol intoxication and evaluate the effectiveness of the timely use of hepatoprotective drugs. The purpose of this study is an experimental assessment of metabolic changes at the early stages of paracetamol exposure and pharmacological correction of toxic liver lesions with oxymethyluracil in comparison with known hepatoprotectors - ademetionine and Mexidol. Material and methods. Acute intragastric administration of paracetamol to laboratory animals was performed, and the corrective effect of the drug oxymethyluracil was studied in comparison with “Heptor” and “Mexidol”. Biochemical studies of biomaterial of laboratory animals were conducted. Results. The analysis found the use of known hepatoprotectors and oxymethyluracil after exposure to paracetamol to normalize the biochemical parameters that characterize the functional state of the liver in laboratory animals. Conclusion. Oxymethyluracil, along with known hepatoprotectors, has a protective effect on the liver of laboratory animals under acute exposure to paracetamol comparable to, and in some cases exceeding, the corrective action of “Heptor” and “Mexidol”.

Kasni (Cichorium intybus): A Unani Hepatoprotective Drug

Kasni (Cichorium intybus Linn.) is a powerful hepatoprotective and nephroprotective drug which has been extensively used in Unani System of Medicine. It is commonly known as chicory in English language. It is an erect perennial herb of the dandelion family Asteraceae. There are two types of Kasni depending on colour of the flowers which are usually bright blue and white or pink rarely. Chicory consists of a dietary fibre called as Inulin which is very useful in treating diabetes and constipation. As per Unani classical literature, it has been extensively used as Mufatteh Sudud (Deobstruent), Musaffi Dam (Blood Purifier), Muqawwi Kabid (Hepatic Tonic), Muqaiwwi Meda (Tonic for Stomach), Waram e Meda (Gastritis), Amraz e Kabid (Liver Disorders), Ghisyan (Nausea and Vomiting), Amraze Kulliya (Kidney Diseases), etc. The root of Kasni possesses various properties such as Aperient, Cholagogue, Deobstruent, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Febrifuge, Resolvent. Its leaves’ decoction is used as lithotriptic and also useful in elimination of internal mucus. This paper gives an overview of types, phytochemical studies, pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of Kasni as per Unani classical literature and current scientific studies. Keywords: Kasni, Cichorium intybus Linn., Unani System of Medicine, Hepatoprotective, Unani drug.

EFFECT OF PUGUNTANO LEAF EXTRACT (CURANGAFEL-TERRAE MERR) ON INTERLEUKIN-1α EXPRESSION OF CHOLESTEATOMA MATRIX CULTURES WITH ATTICOANTRAL CHRONIC SUPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA

Chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. Until today, there is no other treatment for COM with cholesteatoma (COMch) other than surgery. Puguntano (Curanganfel-terrae Merr) is a plant from Scrophulariaceae family. It can be found in Asia, especially in China, India, Philippines, Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia. This plant has traditionally used as stimulant, antidiuretic, treatment for malaria, hepatoprotective drug, antipyretic, antiherpetic drug, anti-cancer, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inammatory. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract from Puguntano leaves on Interleukin-1α expression level in cholesteatoma matrix cultures with atticoantral type chronic supurative otitis media. This study is an in vitro experimental research comparing two groups, a keratinocyte cholesteatoma culture with and without Puguntano extract. A group without extract Puguntano was divided into 4 different groups: group with Puguntano extract 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml and control group.Interleukin-1α level in cholesteatoma culture is inversely proportional to Puguntano extract. Interleukin-1α expression level in group with Puguntano extract 1 mg/ml is 4,335 pg/ml; 2 mg/ml is 3,83 pg/ml; and 4 mg/ml is 2,74 pg/ml. Those results showed the decreasing level of Interleukin-1α expression compared to control group, which is 8,2889 pg/ml.

Evaluation of Liver Protective Activity of Moringa oleifera Bark Extract in Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Background: Moringa oleifera has been used in folk medicine to alleviate several diseases. In the present study, ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera bark has been investigated to study its potential on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity on model rats. Methods: Rats (150–200 gm) were divided into 5 groups containing 6 animals each. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by paracetamol (600 mg/kg body weight) administered once daily for one week whereas the extract of investigated plant was given orally throughout the whole experiment at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as standard hepatoprotective drug. The level of hepatic injury recovery was determined by the estimation of liver enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Bilirubin, Total protein, globulin and Albumin. Results: Treatment with MO extract as well as standard hepatoprotective agent silymarin ameliorated plasma levels of hepatic enzymes. Body weight was improved significantly by MO extracts (p < 0.01), whereas liver weight was recovered insignificantly. SGPT, SGOT and ALP levels were improved very highly significantly (p<0.001) and highly significantly (p<0.01) at MO 250mg dose. While at the dose of 500 mg/kg ameliorated SGPT Level very highly significantly (p<0.001), SGOT Level highly significantly (p<0.01) but insignificant to ALP level. Conclusion: The biochemical parameters provide evidence that the ethanolic extract of of Moringa oleifera bark has shown hepatoprotective activity.