scholarly journals Tapentadol: Use and Abuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
CV Juvin Thomas ◽  
R Sambathkumar ◽  
N Venkateswaramurthy
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Pain Reliever ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Norepinephrine Reuptake

Tapentadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic that has been on the market in India since 2011. According to international studies, there is a low danger of abuse and diversion. Prescription opioid pain reliever abuse remains a major public health concern. Tapentadol, a prescription painkiller, differs from opioids such as oxycodone and morphine in that it has two modes of action: opioid receptor agonism and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Tapentadol has been on the market in India for eight and a half years. Our center was the topic of a single peer-reviewed research in 2017 that detailed two instances of abuse. Tapentadol is less likely to be diverted, abused, addicted, overdosed, or sold on the street than other prescribed opioids. This article reviews uses, pharmacological properties and abuse of tapentadol as it is the most serious issues like addiction, seeking behavior, withdrawal, and physical dependency .The main challenge with tapentadol use is controlling the ratio of MOR agonist to NRI. Finally, tapentadol provides both nociceptive and neuropathic pain relief, but there are concerns about abuse and reliance. Keywords: Tapentadol, Abuse, Opioid, Addiction.

Application of Hot Melt Extrusion Technology in the Development of Abuse Deterrent Formulations: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Butreddy ◽  
Dinesh Nyavanandi ◽  
Sagar Narala ◽  
Fischer Austin ◽  
Suresh Bandari
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Hot Melt Extrusion ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Melt Extrusion ◽  
Hot Melt

: The misuse, abuse, and illicit use of prescription opioid analgesics is a global public health concern. However, there are many viable therapeutic options for the treatment of patients with chronic pain. Both intact and manipulated opioid drug products are abused by various routes such as oral, nasal, and injection which may lead to overdose, drug addiction, and even death. To combat the abuse of these medications, regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies are switching their interest towards developing Abuse deterrent formulations (ADFs), with the intent to deter the abuse of opioid products to a maximum extent. Thereare several manufacturing strategies implemented in an attempt to develop ADFs. An example include matrix tablets of high molecular weight polymers such as polyethylene oxide. The scalable and continuous manufacturing techniques, such as hot melt extrusion (HME), is increasingly accepted by pharmaceutical companies to advance the development and manufacturing of ADFs. The application of the HME technique in the development of ADFs may overcome the challenges of opioid analgesic formulation development and provide improved protection against misuse and abuse, while also ensuring access to safe and effective use in patients with chronic pain. This review deals with a briefoverview of strategies, with emphasis on HME to deter opioid abuse, in vitrocharacterization methods, commonly used excipients in the development of ADFs, and regulatory standards to meet the requirements of ADFs.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption: the ESAC programme

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern

Resistance to antimicrobials has become a major public health concern, and it has been shown that there is a relationship, albeit complex, between antimicrobial resistance and consumption

Pain-Prescription Differences - An Analysis of 500,000 Discharge Summaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Preissner ◽  
Vishal B. Siramshetty ◽  
Mathias Dunkel ◽  
Paul Steinborn ◽  
Friedrich C. Luft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Discharge Summary ◽  
Pain Reliever ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
East West ◽  
Discharge Summaries

Background: Pain-relief prescriptions have led to an alarming increase in drug-related abuse. Objective: In this study, we estimate the pain reliever prescription rates at a major German academic hospital center and compare with the nationwide trends from Germany and prescription reports from the USA. Methods: We analysed >500,000 discharge summaries from Charité, encompassing the years 2006 to 2015, and extracted the medications and diagnoses from each discharge summary. Prescription reports from the USA and Germany were collected and compared with the trends at Charité to identify the frequently prescribed pain relievers and their world-wide utilization trends. The average costs of pain therapy were also calculated and compared between the three regions. Results: Metamizole (dipyrone), a non-opioid analgesic, was the most commonly prescribed pain reliever at Charité (59%) and in Germany (23%) while oxycodone (29%), a semi-synthetic opioid, was most commonly ordered in the USA. Surprisingly, metamizole was prescribed to nearly 20% of all patients at Charité, a drug that has been banned for safety reasons (agranulocytosis) in most developed countries including Canada, United Kingdom, and USA. A large number of prospective cases with high risk for agranulocytosis and other side effects were found. The average cost of pain therapy greatly varied between the USA (125.3 EUR) and Charité (17.2 EUR). Conclusion: The choice of pain relievers varies regionally and is often in disagreement with approved indications and regulatory guidelines. A pronounced East-West gradient was observed with metamizole use and the opposite with prescription opioids.

Challenges in prevention & control of COVID - 19 pandemic in dentistry: A review. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera Begum ◽  
Riaz Abdulla ◽  
Akhter Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
High Chance

UNSTRUCTURED The menace of COVID 19 pandemic has become a major public health concern all over the world. It is a pandemic outbreak that originated from Wuhan, Hubei province of China in December 2019. All healthcare professionals including dental surgeons are in the front line and a high chance of constantly getting infected. Droplet and aerosol transmissions are the utmost concern in dental clinics and dental college hospitals. Hence, COVID 19 has a high risk of spread through droplets and aerosols generated during dental procedures from infected patients. This review article highlights the dental perspective and discusses the various preventive measures undertaken to control the spread of infection in dental clinics and dental college hospital setups.

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