The Chemical constituents in essential oils of Pterocarpus soyauxii leaf, leaf stalk and stem bark

The Nigerian essential oils of fresh Pterocapus soyauxii leaf, leaf stalk and stem bark were isolated by hydro-distillation using the adapted all glass Clevenger’s apparatus designed to British Pharmacopeia specifications. Chemical compositions of the plant parts were characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The leaf essential oil contained 12 compounds, out of which 10 were identified accounting for 93.91% of it. Leafstalk oil had 20 major compounds, which were characterised; they constitute 95.47% of the oil. 11 compounds make up 78.61% of stem bark oil, out of which 7 were characterised, responsible for 76.30% of it. Prominent compounds in the leaf oil were cembrene (43.59%), a monocyclic diterpenoid, eremophilene (29.72%), and azulene derivatives (6.62%), which are polycyclic aromatic compounds. Leaf stalk oil was dominated by hexadecane (32.97%), cis- and trans- β-ocimene (11.60 and 7.74% respectively) and heptanol (8.39%). Major compounds in stem bark oil were neophytadiene (22.11%), 2-heptanol (19.27%) and 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecene-1-ol (14.35%). Other prominent compounds in the stem bark oil are 4-propyl-cyclohexene (4.83%), 3-Eicosyne (7.63%), 3,7,11-trimethyl-14-(1-methylethyl-[S-(E,Z,E,E)]-1,3,6,10-cyclodecatetraene (5.10%) and methyl-Z-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoate (3.01%). Notable compounds of biological importance and in appreciable amounts in the oils include phytol (6.93%), squalene (1.14%) and ambrial (1.97%). Fragmentation patterns in the mass spectrum of some unidentified compounds are also presented which are unique features of the oils. Interesting classes of compounds in the three oils include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, naphthalenes, alcohols and hydrocarbons.

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Constituents of Peel and Leaf Essential Oils of Citrus Medica L

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1760 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 387-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. N. I. Bhuiyan ◽

J. Begum ◽

P. K. Sardar ◽

M. S. Rahman

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Citrus Medica ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Total Oil ◽

Peel Oil

The chemical constituents of leaf and peel essential oil of Citrus medica L. were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Nineteen components accounting for 99.9% of the oil were identified in leaf oil. The major constituents are erucylamide (28.43%), limonene (18.36%) and citral (12.95%). The peel oil contains forty three components accounting for 99.8% of the total oil and the major components are isolimonene (39.37%), citral (23.12%) and limonene (21.78%). Keywords: Citrus medica; Essential oils; GC-MS; Erucylamide; Isolimonene. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1760

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Evaluation of the chemical compositions, larvicidal and antimicrobial efficacies of Zingiber castaneum and Zingiber nitens essential oils

10.21203/rs.2.17398/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Le T. Huong ◽

Trinh T Huong ◽

Nguyen T. Bich ◽

Nguyen T. Viet ◽

Isiaka Ajani Ogunwande

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Significant Mortality

Abstract In this paper, we report the chemical constituents, larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Zingiber castaneum Škorničk. & Q.B. Nguyễn and Zingiber nitens M.F. Newman growing in Vietnam. The main constituents of Z. castaneum leaf were bicyclogermacrene (24.8%), germacrene D (12.9%), cis -β-elemene (11.2%) and β-pinene (10.3%), while the pseudo-stem contained bicyclogermacrene (15.8%), cis -β-elemene (9.8%) and germacrene D (9.2%). The significant compound of the rhizome oil was sabinene (22.9%), along with α-pinene (7.8%), β-pinene (6.5%), bornyl acetate (6.1%) and γ-terpinene (5.5%). However, β-pinene (45.8%), α-pinene (10.7%) and bicyclogermacrene (7.8%) were the dominant compounds in the leaf oil of Z. nitens . Terpinen-4-ol (77.9%) occurred as the compound occurring in higher amount in the rhizome oil. The rhizome oil of Z. castaneum exhibited 100% mortality towards Ae. aegypti (concentration, 200 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h) and Ae. albopictus (concentration, 100 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h). However, mortality of 81.3% was observed against Cx. quinquefasciatus at 48 h (concentration 100 µg/mL). The leaf also exhibited 100% mortality against Ae. aegypti (concentration, 100 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (concentration, 150 µg/mL; 24 h and 48 h). The rhizome oil displayed a minimum lethal concentration LC 50 of 121.43 µg/mL and 110.31 µg/mL against Ae. aegypti respectively at 24 h and 48 h while values of 49.85 µg/mL and 43.93 µg/mL at 24 h and 48 h were observed against Ae. albopictus respectively. In addition, LC 50 values of 88.86 µg/mL and 48.08 µg/mL were recorded respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus . Also, the leaf oil displayed significant larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti with LC 50 of 39.30 µg/mL (24 h) and 31.78 µg/mL (48 h) while LC 50 values of 84.97 µg/mL (24 h) and 47.40 µg/mL (48 h) were recorded respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus . The leaf oil of Z. nitens exhibited 100% mortality against Ae. aegypti at 24 h and 48 h period (concentration 50 µg/mL) while the rhizome oil displayed maximum mortality at concentration of 100 µg/mL. The rhizome oil attained only mortality of 93% against Cx. quinquefasciatus at test period. No significant mortality was recorded against Cx. quinquefasciatus by the leaf oil. The LC 50 values of 17.58 µg/mL (24 h) and 15.12 µg/mL (48 h) were displayed by the leaf oil against Ae. aegypti while values of 29.60 µg/mL (24 h) and 26.21 (48 h) were exhibited by the rhizome oil. Only the rhizome oil was toxic against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC 50 of of 64.18 µg/mL (24 h) and 59.06 µg/mL (48 h). The pseudo-stem oil of Z. castaneum inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25923) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 µg/mL, while all other tested samples recorded MIC of 50 µg/mL. However, only the pseudo-stem oil of Z. castaneum displayed antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger (ATCC 9763) and Fusarium oxysporum (ATCC 48112) with MIC of 50 µg/mL.

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Chemical Compositions and Tyrosinase Activity of the Essential Oils of Alpinia aquatica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300635 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nissha Bharrathi Romes ◽

Norazah Basar ◽

Hasnah M. Sirat ◽

Siti Ernieyanti Hashim ◽

Zaini Asim

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Tyrosinase Inhibition ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

The essential oils obtained from the fresh rhizome, leaf, and pseudostem of Alpinia aquatica Roscoe. were hydrodistillated and analyzed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). β-Pinene (11.7%), α-humulene (8.9%), aromadendrene (8.7%), and sabinene (7.7%) were the major components in the rhizome oil. The most abundant components of the leaf oil were germacrene D (21.3%), β-pinene (15.6%) and sabinene (12.1%), while α-humulene (19.8%), germacrene D (15.2%) and β-caryophyllene (8.7%) were the main constituents in the pseudostem oil. Antityrosinase assay revealed that all the three essential oils exhibited weak tyrosinase inhibition activities. The rhizome oil showed the highest inhibition activity with the value of 9.5% for the L-DOPA oxidation.

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Leaf Essential Oil Composition of Five Species of Beilschmiedia from Monteverde, Costa Rica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0700200116 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William N. Setzer ◽

William A. Haber

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Carbonyl Compounds ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Cis And Trans

The leaf essential oils of five species of Beilschmiedia from Monteverde, Costa Rica (Beilschmiedia alloiophylla, B. brenesii, B. costaricensis, B. tilaranensis, and an undescribed Beilschmiedia species “chancho blanco”) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS in order to discern the differences and similarities between the volatile chemical compositions of these species. The principal constituents of B. alloiophylla leaf oil were germacrene D (18.9%), cis- and trans-β-ocimene (18.8% and 9.3%, respectively), α-pinene (11.8%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.1%). The leaf oil of B. brenesii was composed largely of the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (19.3%), β-caryophyllene (13.4%), α-copaene (9.0%), α-humulene (8.1%), and δ-cadinene (5.8%), and the carbonyl compounds 2-undecanone (12.8%), trans-2-hexenal (8.8%), and 2-tridecanone (3.8%). α-Bisabolol (72.1%) dominated the leaf oil of B. costaricensis, while B. tilaranensis had germacrene D (54.9%), β-caryophyllene (14.8%), and δ-cadinene (5.1%) as major components. Beilschmiedia “chancho blanco” leaf oil was composed largely of β-caryophyllene (16.6%), bicyclogermacrene (14.1%), and α-pinene (12.1%).

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Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. and Schltdl Leaves Using Two Extraction Methods

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/9232810 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Taiwo Oluwafunmilola Abifarin ◽

Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽

Anthony Jide Afolayan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Solvent Free ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Microwave Extraction ◽

Oxygenated Compounds

This study was aimed at comparing the essential oils obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens leaves by Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and Hydrodistillation (HD) methods in terms of their chemical compositions, yield, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. The solvent-free microwave extraction method indicated a higher oil yield of 0.7 mL/200 g (0.35%) as compared to 0.59 mL/200 g (0.295%) obtained through hydrodistillation. GC-MS analysis of the oils revealed a total of 52 chemical components from both methods with the presence of 35 (96.52%) and 30 (71.15%) chemical constituents for HD and SFME, respectively. The major constituents observed in the essential oil extracted by SFME methods include α-pinene (6%), D-limonene (11.27%), β-ocimene (9.09%), β-phellandrene (6.33%), β-mycene (8.49%), caryophyllene (5.96%), and camphene (4.28%). However, in the hydrodistillation method, the oil was majorly composed of a-pinene (4.41%), β-pinene (10.68%), β-ocimene (6.30%), germacrene-D (5.09%), humulene (5.55%), and α-elemene (6.18%). The SFME method was better in terms of saving energy (0.25 kWh against 4.2 kWh of energy consumed), reduced CO2 emission (200 g against 3360 g of CO2), a higher yield, and better quality of essential oil due to the presence of higher valuable oxygenated compounds (8.52%) against that of the hydrodistillation method (2.96%). The SFME method is, therefore, a good alternative for extracting the oils of H. arborescens leaves since the essential oil yield is higher with more oxygenated compounds, considerable energy savings, lower cost, and reduced environmental burden at substantially reduced extraction time (30 min as opposed to 180 min).

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Determination of Chemical Constituents of Leaf and Stem Essential Oils of Artemisia monosperma from Central Saudi Arabia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700829 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Merajuddin Khan ◽

Ahmad A. Mousa ◽

Kodakandla V. Syamasundar ◽

Hamad Z. Alkhathlan

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Literature Search ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Desert Region ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Qualitative Similarity

The leaf and stem essential oils of Artemisia monosperma from the desert region of central Saudi Arabia were analysed by gas chromatography-based techniques (GC–FID, GC–MS, Co-GC, LRI determination, database and literature search) using polar as well as non-polar columns, which resulted in the identification of 130 components, of which 81 were common to both oils. In the leaf oil 120 compounds were identified, while 91 were identified in the stem oil accounting for 98.4% and 99.7% of the oil composition, respectively. The major constituents of the leaf oil were β-pinene (50.3%), α-terpinolene (10.0%), limonene (5.4%) and α-pinene (4.6%), while the major constituents of the stem oil were β-pinene (36.7%), α-terpinolene (6.4%), limonene (4.8%), β-maaliene (3.7%), shyobunone (3.2%) and α-pinene (3.1%). The two oils showed an important qualitative similarity. However, some specific constituents (39 in the leaf oil and 10 in the stem oil) allow differentiation of the two essential oils.

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Studies on Essential Oils. Part 15. GC/MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Leaf Oil ofLippia alba(Mill.) from North India

Journal of Essential Oil Research ◽

10.1080/10412905.1999.9701112 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 206-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gurdip Singh ◽

Santosh Kumar Pandey ◽

Piet A. Leclercq ◽

Jaroslava Sperkova

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

North India ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Leaf Oil

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Studies on Essential Oils Part 23: Chemical Constituents of the Leaf Oil of Lantana indica Roxb. from North India

Journal of Essential Oil Research ◽

10.1080/10412905.2002.9699878 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 346-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gurdip Singh ◽

Santosh Kumar Pandey ◽

Piet A. Leclerq ◽

Jaroslava Sperkova

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

North India ◽

Leaf Oil

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The Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from the Leaf, Stem-Bark and Twig of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (Combretaceae) from Nigeria

European Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research ◽

10.24018/ejchem.2020.1.5.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Olajumoke Mariam Owoade ◽

David Gbenga Oke

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mass Spectrometer ◽

Principal Component ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Xylene Isomers

The essential oils from the leaf, stem-bark and twig of Terminalia mantaly were isolated by hydrodistillation. The volatile oils analysed on Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometer (GC - MS). The identified constituents were twelve, twenty-three and seventeen for the leaf, stem-bark and twig and accounted for 89.57%, 95.77%, 95.92% respectively. Hexahydrofarnesylacetone (30.05%) and Z-pinane (16.71%) were the main constituents in the leaf oil and nonanal (21.16%) and heptanal (10.57%) were principal component in the stem-bark volatile oil. Xylene isomers namely, meta and para (21.98%-23.56%) were the major components of the twig with substantial amount of nonanal (13.64%).

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Zingiber vuquangensis and Z. castaneum: Two Newly Discovered Species from Vietnam and Their Essential Oil Constituents

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300629 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Le T. Huong ◽

Trinh T. Huong ◽

Nguyen T. T. Huong ◽

Dao T. M. Chau ◽

Ly N. Sam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

National Park ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

The Other ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

First Report ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Fruit Oil

The chemical constituents of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Zingiber vuquangensis Lý N.S., Lê T.H., Trịnh T. H., Nguyễn V.H., Đỗ N.Đ. and Zingiber castaneum Škorničk. & Q.B. Nguyễn collected from Vu Quang National Park, Hà Tĩnh Province, Vietnam were analysed by GC and GC-MS. β-Pinene (24.7% and 26.1%) and β-caryophyllene (12.3% and 13.9%) were the main constituents in the leaf oil and stem oil of Zingiber vuquangensis. On the other hand the root oil contained bornyl acetate (20.9%), zerumbone (14.1%) and α-humulene (9.6%) while β-pinene (19.6%), 1,8-cineole (15.6%), α-pinene (10.3%) and β-caryophyllene (10.4%) were the significant compounds of the fruit oil. The leaf oil Zingiber castaneum was dominated by β-pinene (30.6%), α-pinene (9.5%), β-caryophyllene (9.4%) and bicycloelemene (9.1%). The compounds occurring in higher quantity in the stem oil were β-caryophyllene (14.7%), δ-cadinene (9.8%), bicycloelemene (8.4%) and α-cubebene (7.8%). However, camphene (15.1%), 1,8-cineole (13.6%), linalool (11.3%) and δ-3-carene (8.5%) were the main compounds of the root oil while ( E)-nerolidol (23.2%), ( Z)-9-octadecenamide (17.3%) and β-caryophyllene (10.8%) were the main constituents of the fruit oil. The essential oil did not exhibit noticeable antimicrobial effects. This is the first report on the volatile compositions of Z. vuquangensis and Z. castaneum.

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