scholarly journals THE ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COCCINEA GRANDIS VOIGT STEM EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 390-395
Author(s):  
YASMIN HAMID MOMIN ◽  
VEERENDRA CHANNABASAPPA YELIGAR
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group 2

Objective: In the present study, the antidiabetic and antioxidant study of stem part of Coccinea grandis Voigt plant extracts in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were investigated. Materials and methods: Fifty four Wistar albino rats were used with nine groups and with six rats in each group. 45 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin was administered to group 2 to 9. Group 2 was diabetic control. Group 3 was given with glimepiride as standard drug. Group 4 and 5 were given petroleum ether extract 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Group 6 and 7 were given 250 and 500 mg/kg chloroform extract respectively. Group 8 and 9 were given 250 and 500 mg/kg hydro alcoholic extract respectively. Antidiabetic activity of the extracts was assessed by serum glucose level on glucose kit. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation studies were assessed with histopathology. Result: The chronic study data on diabetic rats cleared the administration of all extracts significantly reduced blood glucose level and lipid peroxidation level with better antioxidant activity. Conclusion: From the study, the petroleum ether, chloroform and hydro alcoholic extracts of stem part of Coccinea grandis Voigt plant have shown antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. Key Words: Antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, Lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Rats After 60 Days of Hypergalactosemia or Hyperglycemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Otsyula ◽  
Matthew S. King ◽  
Tonya G. Ketcham ◽  
Ruth A. Sanders ◽  
John B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glutathione Disulfide ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

Two of the models used in current diabetes research include the hypergalactosemic rat and the hyperglucosemic, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Few studies, however, have examined the concurrence of these two models regarding the effects of elevated hexoses on biomarkers of oxidative stress. This study compared the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and the concentrations of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and thiobarbituric acid reactants (as a measure of lipid peroxidation) in liver, kidney, and heart of Sprague-Dawley rats after 60 days of either a 50% galactose diet or insulin deficiency caused by streptozotocin injection. Most rats from both models developed bilateral cataracts. Blood glucose and glycosy-lated hemoglobin A1c concentrations were elevated in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Streptozotocin diabetic rats exhibited elevated activities of renal superoxide dismutase, cardiac catalase, and renal and cardiac glutathione peroxidase, as well as elevated hepatic lipid peroxidation. Insulin treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats normalized altered markers. In galactosemic rats, hepatic lipid peroxidation was increased whereas glutathione reductase activity was diminished. Glutathione levels in liver were decreased in diabetic rats but elevated in the galactosemic rats, whereas hepatic glutathione disulfide concentrations were decreased much more in diabetes than in galactosemia. Insulin treatment reversed/prevented all changes caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Lack of concomitance in these data indicate that the 60-day galactose-fed rat is not experiencing the same oxidative stress as the streptozotocin diabetic rat, and that investigators must be cautious drawing conclusions regarding the concurrence of the effects of the two animal models on oxidative stress biomarkers.

scholarly journals Alcoholic Stem Extract ofCoscinium fenestratumRegulates Carbohydrate Metabolism and Improves Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Punitha ◽  
K. Rajendran ◽  
Arun Shirwaikar ◽  
Annie Shirwaikar
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Gluconeogenic Enzyme ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Alcoholic extract of the stems ofCoscinium fenestratum, a medicinal plant indigenous to India and Sri Lanka used in ayurveda and siddha medicine for treating diabetes, was studied for its carbohydrate metabolism effect and antioxidant status in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Oral administration ofC. fenestratumstem extract in graded doses caused a significant increase in enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione synthetase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase and in the nonenzymatic antioxidants ascorbic acid, ceruloplasmin and tocopherol. Effects of alcoholic extract on glycolytic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and hexokinase showed a significant increase in their levels, whereas a significant decrease was observed in the levels of gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase in treated diabetic rats. Serum creatinine and urea levels also declined significantly. This investigation demonstrates significant antidiabetic activity ofC. fenestratum.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective Property of C. chayamansa Aqueous Leaf Extract in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dingkwoet Dabak ◽  
Rose Titus Kuyambana ◽  
Titilayo Omolara Johnson ◽  
Jonathan Latrwang Dabal
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Test Control

Aim: To evaluate the nephroprotective property of Cnidoscolus chayamansa aqueous leaf extract in diabetic rats. Study Design: Rats were randomly divided into five groups with group 1 as the normal control. Diabetic was induced in groups 2-4. Group 2 was used as the test control while groups 3 and 4 were treated with different concentrations of the leaf extract; group 5 was treated with the standard drug, glipizide. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Anatomy, University of Jos, Nigeria, between August to November, 2019. Methodology: Fourty (40) male albino Wistar rats were grouped into five groups. The rats were treated for fourteen days and then sacrificed by decapitation after anaesthesia. Blood was collected for biochemical parameters; kidney was excised and stored in formaldehyde until required for histopathological study. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were determined using appropriate methods. Results: The test control had a significant (P < .05) decrease in the concentrations of Na+, Cl- and HCO3- ions; significant (P < .05) increases in serum K+ ion, urea, uric acid and creatinine. Treatments of the test groups with the different doses of the leaf extract and the standard drug increased the concentration of Na+ ion which was not significantly (P < .05) different from the test control. On the other hand, the concentration of Cl- and HCO- ions  were significantly (P < .05) increased; the concentrations of K+, urea, uric acid and creatinine were significantly (P < .05) decreased. The histochemistry of the kidneys revealed that the injury brought about under diabetic condition was ameliorated with the treatments with the low and high doses of the leaf extract, and the standard drug. Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous leaf extract has nephroprotective property.

scholarly journals Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna & Syzygium cumini in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1870-1882
Author(s):  
Takru Harshit ◽  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Kumar Kapil ◽  
Nagarajan K
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

We aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia arjuna, and Syzygium cumini extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. STZ (55mg/kg) followed by nicotinamide (100mg/kg) was given to rats by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. Oral administration of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of T. arjuna (TAAE) (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), S. cumini (SCAE) (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and their composite extract were given to rats along with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg). We evaluated body weight, glucose level, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in STZ induced diabetic rats. Also, histopathological studied were done in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues of rats. Our finding revealed that TAAE and TAHE at 250mg/kg b.w. and 500mg/kg b.w., SCAE and SCHE at 400mg/kg b.w. and combination of TAAE (250mg/kg b.w.)+SCAE (400mg/kg b.w.) had a positive effect in lowering the blood glucose level and body weight on 28th day as compared to the initial observation on 0th day and also restored all the biochemical parameters such as LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and total Cholesterol and HDL towards the normal levels as well as histopathological improvement in Kidney, Liver and Pancreas. Data analysis showed that composite extract of TAAE (250mg/kg) and SCAE (400mg/kg ) improved diabetic consequences more effectively than composite extract of TAHE (500mg/kg) and SCHE (400mg/kg). TAAE and SCHE, in combination, demonstrate as a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes.

Hepatoproective Nature of Aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima in STZ Induced Diabetic Rat Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 3716-3720
Author(s):  
Pooja Pooja ◽  
Mazumder Avijit ◽  
Soumya Das
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Liver Marker Enzymes

Diabetes is a chronic disease which characterized by hyperglycemia (elevated or abnormally high blood sugar levels) and other metabolic disturbances, including metabolism of lipids and haemostasis. Caesalpinia pulcherrima has previously showed strong anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective potential. The present research work was to investigate the anti-diabetic activity and hepatoprotective activity Caesalpinia pulcherrima in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. The dose-dependent effects of 45days oral treatment with methanol extract of plant (200 and 300mg/kg) of CPAE on body weight, blood glucose level, total protein, albumin, liver marker enzymes and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration methanolic extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima of showed significant restoration of the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level, liver marker enzymes (ALT, AST ALP) and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were observed in diabetic rats. These results suggest that fruit extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima has valuable anti-diabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats which is comparable to the standard drug metformin and hence might be of use in the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Spirulina maxima and its effect on antioxidant activity in fructose induced oxidative stress with histopathological observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Urmila Jarouliya ◽  
Anish Zacharia ◽  
Raj K. Keservani ◽  
Godavarthi B.K.S Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Spirulina Maxima

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to explore the antioxidant effect of Spirulina maxima in rat model along with the histopathological observations. Diabetes was induced by feeding 10% fructose solution orally to Wistar rats (n = 6) for 30 days, analysed for plasma blood glucose and the markers of the oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)]. These biochemical studies were associated with histopathological examination of liver and kidney sections. The microalga Spirulina maxima being rich in proteins and other essential nutrients is widely used as a food supplement. S. maxima at a dose of 5 and 10% per kg and the metformin (500 mg/kg) as reference drug were given orally for 30 days to the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed significant (p < 0.001) elevations in plasma blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and significant reduction in catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activity. Oral administration of 5 and 10% aqueous extract of S. maxima for 30 days restored not only of blood glucose levels but also markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological observations of tissues manifested that the S. maxima administration had the protective and therapeutic effects against fructose-induced abnormalities in diabetic rats. It is concluded that S. maxima is effective in reinstating the antioxidant activity in addition to its antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Hibiscus sabdariffaAffects Ammonium Chloride-Induced Hyperammonemic Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohamed Essa ◽  
P. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Brain Tissues

Hibiscus sabdariffa(HS) is an edible medicinal plant, indigenous to India, China and Thailand and is used in Ayurveda and traditional medicine. Alcoholic extract of HS leaves (HSEt) was studied for its anti-hyperammonemic and antioxidant effects in brain tissues of ammonium chloride-induced hyperammonemic rats. Oral administration of HSEt (250 mg kg−1body weight) significantly normalizes the levels of ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine and non-protein nitrogen in the blood. HSEt significantly reduced brain levels of lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric acid and reactive substances (TBARS) and hydroperoxides (HP). However, the administered extract significantly increased the levels of antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain tissues of hyperammonemic rats. This investigation demonstrates significant anti-hyperammonemic and antioxidant activity of HS.

scholarly journals Characterization of Oxidative Stress in Various Tissues of Diabetic and Galactose-fed Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Strother ◽  
Tonya G. Thomas ◽  
Mary Otsyula ◽  
Ruth A. Sanders ◽  
John B. Watkins III
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione

Rats fed a galactose-rich diet have been used for several years as a model for diabetes to study, particularly in the eye, the effects of excess blood hexoses. This study sought to determine the utility of galactosemia as a model for oxidative stress in extraocular tissues by examining biomarkers of oxidative stress in galactose-fed rats and experimentally-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: experimental control; streptozotocin-induced diabetic; insulin-treated diabetic; and galactose-fed. The rats were maintained on these regimens for 30 days, at which point the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced and oxidized glutathione were determined in heart, liver, and kidney. This study indicates that while there are some similarities between galactosemic and diabetic rats in these measured indices of oxidative stress (hepatic catalase activity levels and hepatic and renal levels of oxidized glutathione in both diabetic and galactosemic rats were significantly decreased when compared to normal), overall the galactosemic rat model is not closely parallel to the diabetic rat model in extra-ocular tissues. In addition, several effects of diabetes (increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity in kidney and heart, decreased renal and increased cardiac catalase activity) were not mimicked in galactosemic rats, and glutathione concentration in both liver and heart was affected in opposite ways in diabetic rats and galactose- fed rats. Insulin treatment reversed/prevented the activity changes in renal and cardiac superoxide dismutase, renal and cardiac catalase, and hepatic glutathione peroxidase as well as the hepatic changes in lipid peroxidation and reduced and oxidized glutathione, and the increase in cardiac glutathione. Thus, prudence should be exercised in the use of experimentally galactosemic rats as a model for diabetes until the correspondence of the models has been more fully characterized.

scholarly journals Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance in the Heart of Rats with Different Behavioral Activities under the Conditions of Light Exposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365
Author(s):  
L. D. Chebotar ◽  
◽  
E. N. Laricheva ◽  
M. Sh. Gilmutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Behavioural Activity

The purpose of the article. The article shows that the effect of round-the-clock lighting causes changes in the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in rats, and depends on their behavioural activity. The effects of lighting on the processes of oxidative metabolism of varying degrees in the heart of resistant and unstable to emotional stress rats. Materials and methods. Investigations were carried out on 32 mature Wistar rats, divided into four groups: group 1 – animals resistant to emotional stress (intact); group 2 – intact animals unstable to emotional stress; group 3 – experimental animals resistant to emotional stress (30-day light exposure (1000 lux)); group 4 – experimental animals, unstable to emotional stress (30-day light exposure (1000 lux)). When assessing the effect of light on the state of the organism, the most important integral indicator is the behavior of animals. Therefore, during the experiment we used the observation of behavioral reactions in the test “open field”. Based on the characteristics of the behavior of animals in the “open field” rats were divided into groups resistant and unstable to emotional stress. To assess lipid peroxidation in the heart homogenate, the concentration of TBA-active products, the concentration of diene, oxidiene and triene conjugates were determined. Antioxidant processes were assessed by the increase in the concentration of TBA- active products during 1.5-hour incubation in an iron-ascorbate buffer solution, as well as by the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Results and discussion. Prooxidant activity was characterized by an increase in the concentration of TBA-reactive substances in animals resistant to emotional stress. The concentration of TBA-reactive substances after 1.5-hour incubation increased in both experimental groups. Changes in the antioxidant status were illustrated by an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in the group of stress-unstable rats, whereas catalase activity increased in both experimental groups. In addition, in the group of animals resistant to emotional stress, a significant decrease in the resources of α-tocopherol and β-carotene was revealed. Conclusion. The long-term light exposure promotes the formation of end products of peroxidation in the heart of rats resistant to emotional stress and causes a decrease in antioxidant potential, regardless of behavioural activity. Antioxidant activity in the heart of emotionally stress-resistant rats is realized through both the enzyme and non-enzyme links of the antioxidant defence, while the main role in the heart of emotionally stress-resistant rats is played by superoxide dismutase activity

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