scholarly journals Implantação de infra-estrutura de saneamento na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro: uma avaliação das ações do Programa de Despoluição da Baía de Guanabara

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Britto

Este trabalho apresenta alguns resultados de pesquisa em desenvolvimento sobre a implantação e gestão das infra-estruturas e serviços de saneamento na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ). Nele analisamos, com base no mais importante macroprograma em desenvolvimento, o Programa de Despoluição da Baía de Guanabara (PDBG), se ele vem contribuindo para uma ampliação do acesso aos serviços nas áreas carentes da RMRJ. Nossa análise mostra que o desenvolvimento do programa tem sido extremamente lento e que, apesar do volume importante de recursos aplicados por agentes financiadores externos, o PDBG ainda não logrou seus objetivos de ampliar o acesso e melhorar significativamente a qualidade desses serviços em áreas carentes da região.Palavras-chave: saneamento ambiental; meio ambiente; Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro; Baía de Guanabara; infra-estrutura urbana; gestão urbana; serviços urbanos. Sanitation infrastructure setup in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro: A avaliation of The Guanabara Bay Pollution Abatement Program actionsAbstract: This paper presents some results of a research that we are developing about the public polices concerning the extension of public services of water supply and sewage for urban dwellers in the Rio de Janeiro’s metropolitan area. We will analyze this subject focusing on the most important program for the improvement of these services, which has been developed in the last years, The Guanabara Bay Pollution Abatement Program. Our study discusses whether this program has contributed or not to the improvement of urban dwellers to access water supply and sewage services, and it shows that the program’s development is being very slow and that, in despite of the important amount of financial investments made by multilateral agencies, The Guanabara Bay Pollution Abatement Program has not achieved many of its goals. Keywords: sanitation; environment; Rio de Janeiro’s metropolitan area; Guanabara Bay; public polices; public services; urban administration.

GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ricardo Ribeiro

A crise de abastecimento de água ocorrida no biênio 2014-2015 atingiu de forma intensa e prolongada as duas maiores aglomerações metropolitanas brasileiras – Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo –, fortemente dependentes de bacias hidrográficas externas às suas áreas de abrangência e submetidas a um processo histórico de degradação ambiental – Paraíba do Sul e Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectivamente. Para além da ênfase na dimensão natural da conjuntura de crise, expressa na situação de escassez hídrica, o presente trabalho discute o papel desempenhado pelas redes técnicas de infraestrutura na conquista das águas das duas metrópoles, cujos sistemas de abastecimento expandiram-se e articularam-se progressivamente em direção aos mesmos recursos hídricos, por meio de esquemas de transposição que permitem a exploração de mananciais situados a distâncias cada vez maiores. As redes técnicas constituem-se em superfícies de regulação que delimitam e organizam a atuação das companhias estaduais de abastecimento de água, que assumiram o protagonismo da gestão da crise, colocando em xeque os princípios de descentralização e de participação consagrados na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, supostamente expressos na atuação dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica. A decisão do governo paulista, motivada pela crise, de implementar a interligação entre os reservatórios de Jaguari e de Atibainha, com o objetivo de aumentar a segurança hídrica da metrópole paulistana via Sistema Cantareira, acirrou a competição com a metrópole carioca pelo uso dos recursos hídricos do Rio Paraíba do Sul. A interligação significou a possibilidade de conexão física entre esses conjuntos territoriais e evidenciou o processo de construção de uma escala regional de gestão das águas, expressa nos termos de uma “megarregião hídrica”, ou de uma “hidromegarregião”, circunscrita pela contínua e crescente integração entre os sistemas de abastecimento de água das duas metrópoles.Palavras-chave: crise de abastecimento de água; escala regional; Hidromegarregião Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo; redes técnicas de infraestrutura; superfícies de regulação. BETWEEN BASINS, MESHES AND NETWORKS: FROM THE THIRSTY METROPOLES TO THE WATER MEGAREGION Abstract: The water supply crisis that occurred in the two-year period of 2014-2015 intensely and protractedly affected the two largest metropolitan agglomerations in Brazil – Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo –, heavily dependent on hydrographic basins outside their catchment areas and subjected to a historical process of environmental degradation – Paraíba do Sul and Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectively. Going beyond emphasis on the natural dimension of the crisis, expressed in the situation of water scarcity, this paper discusses the role played by technical infrastructure networks in conquering the waters of the two metropoles, whose supply systems have been expanded and articulated progressively towards the same water resources, through transposition schemes enabling the exploitation of water sources located at ever greater distances. Technical networks are formed into regulatory areas that delimit and organize the activities of state water supply companies, which have taken on the role of crisis management, placing in check the principles of decentralization and participation enshrined in the National Water Resources Policy, supposedly expressed in the performance of the Hydrographic Basin Committees. The decision by the São Paulo state government, motivated by the crisis, to implement an interconnection between the Jaguari and Atibainha reservoirs, with the aim of increasing the water security in the São Paulo metropolitan area via the Cantareira System, intensified the competition with the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area for the use of water resources from the Paraíba do Sul River. The interconnection meant the possibility of physical connection between these territorial groups and highlighted the process of building a regional water management scale, expressed in terms of a “water megaregion”, or of a “hydromegaregion”, circumscribed by the continuous and growing integration between the water supply systems of the two metropoles. Keywords: water supply crisis; regional scale; Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo Hydromegaregion; technical infrastructure networks; regulatory areas. ENTRE CUENCAS, MALLAS Y REDES: DE LAS METRÓPOLIS SEDIENTAS A LA MEGARREGIÓN HÍDRICA Resumen: La crisis de abastecimiento de agua ocurrida en el bienio 2014-2015 afectó de manera intensa y prolongada las dos aglomeraciones metropolitanas brasileñas más grande – Rio de Janeiro y São Paulo –, fuertemente dependientes de cuencas hidrográficas externas a sus áreas de alcance y sometidas a un proceso histórico de degradación ambiental – Paraíba do Sul y Alto Tietê-PCJ, respectivamente. Además del énfasis en la dimensión natural de la coyuntura de la crisis, expresada en la situación de escasez hídrica, el presente trabajo discute el papel desempeñado por las redes técnicas de infraestructura en la conquista de las aguas de las dos metrópolis, cuyos sistemas de abastecimiento se expandieron y se articularon progresivamente en dirección a los recursos hídricos, mediante esquemas de transposición que permiten la explotación de manantiales ubicados a distancias cada vez mayores. Las redes técnicas se constituyen en superficies de regulación que delimitan y organizan la actuación de las compañías estatales de abastecimiento de agua, que han asumido el protagonismo de la gestión de la crisis, poniendo en jaque los principios de descentralización y de participación consagrados en la Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, supuestamente expresados en la actuación de los Comités de Cuenca Hidrográfica. La decisión del gobierno de São Paulo, motivada por la crisis, de implementar la interconexión entre los depósitos de agua de Jaguari y de Atibainha, con el objetivo de aumentar la seguridad hídrica de la metrópolis de São Paulo a través del Sistema Cantareira, provocó la competición con la metrópolis de Rio de Janeiro por el uso de los recursos hídricos del Río Paraíba do Sul. La interconexión significó la posibilidad de conexión física entre estos conjuntos territoriales y evidenció el proceso de construcción de una escala regional de gestión de las aguas, expresa en los términos de una “megarregión hídrica” o de una “hidromegarregión” circunscrita por la continua y creciente integración entre los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua de las dos metrópolis. Palabras clave: crisis de abastecimiento de agua; escala regional; Hidromegarregión Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo; redes técnicas de infraestructura; superficies de regulación.


2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guacira Corrêa de Matos ◽  
Suely Rozenfeld ◽  
Monica Martins

The study analyzes the use of human albumin in hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using inpatient data from the information system of Brazil's health system between 1999 and 2001. Death was the main outcome as patients died in 32% of admissions in which human albumin was used as compared with 4% of all admissions in the same period and region. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was included for risk adjustment. Human albumin was used in 10,111 in-patients more than 1 year old. 87,774 50-ml bottles of 20% human albumin were consumed at a cost of US$ 1,755. The main diagnoses were neoplasms (29.1%), diseases of the digestive system (17.5%) and circulatory system (16%). Death rate increased with age, public ownership of the hospital, clinical services (as opposed to surgical services), length of stay and use of intensive care. Death was associated with use of more than four bottles of human albumin (PR: 1.30; 99%CI: 1.23-1.37), adjusted for severity and speciality. The results are cause for concern as they may be related to poor compliance with guidelines, excess of risk to patients and unnecessary expenses for the public health system.


Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Maiello ◽  
Ana Lucia Nogueira de Paiva Britto ◽  
Suyá Quintslr

Abstract In many emerging and developing countries hybrid systems, not completely public nor private, have become a regrettable unstandardized ‘standard’ for water and sanitation service (WSS) provisions. These spotted zebras deserve the attention of both the scientific community and policymakers being ambiguous solutions. On the one hand, the hybrid systems allow broadening the access to the water supply service in face of the challenge to manage, maintain and adapt large infrastructures in a time of increasing climate change impacts, water-supply demand and drinking water scarcity. On the other hand, by embodying informal artefacts and unregulated behaviours to use natural resources, the hybrid systems enhance the vulnerability and precariousness of the population that is normally not reached by the formal public infrastructure. The paper presents findings of research conducted in Queimados, in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. Our study suggests that grassroots solutions, albeit being an opportunity when integrated, represent a threat when standing alone, and it is critical to further discuss ways to promote such integration within a structured institutional public framework. Conclusions stress the need to rethink the grassroots engagement within socio-technical transition emphasizing the nexus between political culture, civic education and infrastructural solutions.


2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s263-s271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Prata Barbosa ◽  
Antônio José Ledo Alves da Cunha

The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (ICU) and beds in Rio de Janeiro, correlating with population demands in 1997 and 2007. All neonatal and pediatric ICUs were visited, identifying the availability and type of beds. Comparisons were made between: supply and demand using projected need for beds for the population; public and private ICUs; and geographical regions. In 2007, 95 units were included totaling 1,094 beds (74 units and 1,080 beds in 1997): 51% public and 48% private (47% and 52% in 1997); 47% neonatal, 18% pediatric and 35% mixed units. Most units were located in the metropolitan area. The distribution of public and private beds was similar in the metropolitan area in both periods; in the interior, public beds tripled. Access has improved, mainly in the interior, but there is still no equity in the distribution of and accessibility to the available beds, with a shortage in the public sector, an excess in the private sector, and a great concentration in the metropolitan area.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Britto ◽  
Rosa Maria Formiga-Johnsson ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ferreira Carneiro

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the water supply systems in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area in the light of the hydrosocial scarcity concept and the human right to water. It also assesses how bulk water availability may aggravate this situation. We argue that water access-related problems are directly related to several aspects: the way that water and sanitation services are managed, deficiencies in planning, technical choices, and the way in which existing systems are operated. In addition to these current structural problems, the vulnerability of supply systems also tends to increase in terms of lesser water availability as long as no changes are made in management processes to promote greater water security, as the 2014-2015 drought affecting the Piracicaba and Paraíba do Sul river basins.


Author(s):  
Simona Frone ◽  
Dumitru Florin Frone

The water resources are critical for the economic development in a country or region, since the pollution and depletion of the waters are raising concerns for the environmental and economic efficiency of their management. This outlook calls for analysis on economic and financial issues and risks associated with specific investment projects in water supply and sanitation infrastructure WSS. In previous research outcomes we have shown successful models of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) used to manage and mitigate the risks and improve performance in providing the public services of Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS). The main objective of this paper is to reiterate the PPP as an efficient business model for the water sector, by employing several methodologies: literature review, case studies, performance indicators, analysis and synthesis. Some features and experiences of PPP in the water sector are resumed and analysed, considering recent developments and leading to conclusions and recommendations on their opportunity and efficiency in Romania.


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