scholarly journals Determining the Traction Characteristic of a Tractor in Operating Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Arzhenovskiy ◽  
D. S. Kozlov ◽  
N. A. Petrishchev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Traction Characteristic ◽  
Engine Crankshaft ◽  
Inductive Sensors ◽  
Main Operating ◽  
Traction Power

One of the most important aspects in terms of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production is the improvement of the methods and tools of determining the main operating indicators of tractors as they influence the productivity, efficiency and ecological safety of machine­tractor units. (Research purpose) To develop a method for obtaining traction characteristics of a tractor, which make it possible to reduce the time needed for measurements under operating conditions, and to design an instrument for economical obtaining of tractors’ traction characteristics under specific farm conditions. (Materials and methods) the authors have chosen a method for determining the energy performance of tractors under operating conditions in a transient mode. They have conducted traction tests of tractors for various modes and soil backgrounds to evaluate its traction­dynamic and fuel­economic indicators. The traction characteristic of a tractor is the dependence of the tractor performance (traction power, speed, hourly and specific fuel consumption, and slipping) on the load at various speeds against a given soil background. However, traction tests require expensive equipment, as well as significant costs and time to prepare and conduct, which leads to their implementation only in the conditions of machine testing stations. (Results and discussion) The authors have developed a method for obtaining traction characteristics of a tractor under operating conditions. Instantly increasing the fuel supply to the maximum, during the tractor acceleration, the engine crankshaft speed and track­measuring wheel were measured at a given speed and against the corresponding soil background ­ with load and without load. It has been revealed that the fuel and economic indicators can be determined using cyclical fuel supply by the fuel pump at the maximum mode on the bench for checking and adjusting the fuel equipment. The authors have developed and assembled a measuring and computing installation that allows processing arrays of data from two inductive sensors. (Conclusions) The proposed method for determining the traction­dynamic and fuel­economic indicators of tractors and the measuring­computing installation that implements it allow obtaining a traction characteristic (speed, slipping, traction power, hourly and specific fuel consumption depending on the load at various speeds against a given soil background) in operating conditions, thus reducing the time and cost of operation.

Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Variable Injection Timing System Performance Evaluation and Optimum Setting for Minimum Fuel Consumption at Acceptable NOx Levels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios T. Hountalas ◽  
Spiridon Raptotasios ◽  
Antonis Antonopoulos ◽  
Stavros Daniolos ◽  
Iosif Dolaptzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Start Of Injection

Currently the most promising solution for marine propulsion is the two-stroke low-speed diesel engine. Start of Injection (SOI) is of significant importance for these engines due to its effect on firing pressure and specific fuel consumption. Therefore these engines are usually equipped with Variable Injection Timing (VIT) systems for variation of SOI with load. Proper operation of these systems is essential for both safe engine operation and performance since they are also used to control peak firing pressure. However, it is rather difficult to evaluate the operation of VIT system and determine the required rack settings for a specific SOI angle without using experimental techniques, which are extremely expensive and time consuming. For this reason in the present work it is examined the use of on-board monitoring and diagnosis techniques to overcome this difficulty. The application is conducted on a commercial vessel equipped with a two-stroke engine from which cylinder pressure measurements were acquired. From the processing of measurements acquired at various operating conditions it is determined the relation between VIT rack position and start of injection angle. This is used to evaluate the VIT system condition and determine the required settings to achieve the desired SOI angle. After VIT system tuning, new measurements were acquired from the processing of which results were derived for various operating parameters, i.e. brake power, specific fuel consumption, heat release rate, start of combustion etc. From the comparative evaluation of results before and after VIT adjustment it is revealed an improvement of specific fuel consumption while firing pressure remains within limits. It is thus revealed that the proposed method has the potential to overcome the disadvantages of purely experimental trial and error methods and that its use can result to fuel saving with minimum effort and time. To evaluate the corresponding effect on NOx emissions, as required by Marpol Annex-VI regulation a theoretical investigation is conducted using a multi-zone combustion model. Shop-test and NOx-file data are used to evaluate its ability to predict engine performance and NOx emissions before conducting the investigation. Moreover, the results derived from the on-board cylinder pressure measurements, after VIT system tuning, are used to evaluate the model’s ability to predict the effect of SOI variation on engine performance. Then the simulation model is applied to estimate the impact of SOI advance on NOx emissions. As revealed NOx emissions remain within limits despite the SOI variation (increase).

Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Emulsions in a Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja Gonguntla ◽  
Robert Raine ◽  
Leigh Ramsey ◽  
Thomas Houlihan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission

The objective of this project was to develop both engine performance and emission profiles for two test fuels — a 6% water-in-diesel oil emulsion (DOE-6) fuel and a neat diesel (D100) fuel. The testing was performed on a single cylinder, direct-injection, water-cooled diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. Output parameters of the engine were used to calculate Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Engine Efficiency (η) for each test fuel. DOE-6 fuels generated a 24% reduction in NOX and a 42% reduction in Carbon Monoxide emissions over the tested operating conditions. DOE-6 fuels presented higher ignition delays — between 1°-4°, yielded 1%–12% lower peak cylinder pressures and produced up to 5.5% lower exhaust temperatures. Brake Specific Fuel consumption increased by 6.6% for the DOE-6 fuels as compared to the D100 fuels. This project is the first research done by a New Zealand academic institution on water-in-diesel emulsion fuels.

Performance Improvements in Cooker-Top Gas Burners for Small Aspect Ratio Changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson L. Silva ◽  
Bruno V. Sant′Ana ◽  
José R. Patelli ◽  
Marcelo M. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lower Fuel Consumption ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Aspect Ratios

This paper aims to identify performance improvements in cooker-top gas burners for changes in its original geometry, with aspect ratios (ARs) ranging from 0.25 to 0.56 and from 0.28 to 0.64. It operates on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and five thermal power (TP) levels. Considering the large number of cooker-top burners currently being used, even slight improvements in thermal performance resulting from a better design and recommended operating condition will lead to a significant reduction of energy consumption and costs. Appropriate instrumentation was used to carry out the measurements and methodology applied was based on regulations from INMETRO (CONPET program for energy conversion efficiency in cook top and kilns), ABNT (Brazilian Technical Standards Normative) and ANP—National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas (NG) and Biofuels. The results allow subsidizing recommendations to minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for residential use, providing also higher energy conversion efficiency and/or lower fuel consumption. Main conclusions are: (i) Smaller aspect ratios result in the same heating capacity and higher efficiency; (ii) higher aspect ratios (original burners) are fuel consuming and inefficient; (iii) operating conditions set on intermediate are lower fuel consumption without significant differences in temperature increases; (iv) Reynolds number lower than 500 provides higher efficiencies.

scholarly journals Investigation of cycle skipping methods in an engine converted to positive ignition natural gas engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 168781402110454
Author(s):  
Erdal Tunçer ◽  
Tarkan Sandalcı ◽  
Yasin Karagöz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic Throttle ◽  
Operating Modes

In this study, a single cylinder of 1.16 L, naturally aspirated engine was converted to a spark ignition engine, which was a diesel engine operating with natural gas as fuel. By placing electronic throttle, electronic ignition module, gas fuel injectors and proximity sensors on the test engine, the engine has been turned into a positive ignition engine that can work with natural gas as fuel, thanks to the electronic control unit developed by our project team. Then, in the study performed, different cycle skipping strategies were experimentally investigated at a constant engine speed of 1565 rpm, in accordance with the generator operating conditions. Engine performance, emissions (CO, HC, and NOx), and combustion characteristics (cylinder pressure, rate of heat release, etc.) of cycle skipping strategies were experimentally investigated with natural gas as fuel in Normal, 3N1S, 2N1S, and 1N1S engine operating modes. According to the results obtained, specific fuel consumption, CO and HC values improved in all cycle skipping operating conditions, except for NOx, but the best results were obtained in 2N1S operating conditions; it was concluded that the specific fuel consumption, CO and HC values improved by 11.19%, 61.89%, and 65.60%, respectively.

The Study on the Top Clearance Plunger Pump in Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1755-1758
Author(s):  
Jie Zhong Zhang ◽  
Qing Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Plunger Pump ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Oil Pump

The simulation method was used to study the fuel supply and injection characteristics of diesel top clearance plunger pump. The results show that the top clearance plunger pump relative advance of fuel supply is larger than that of the traditional plunger, and it can achieve the purpose of injection advance when the oil pump operate at 600~1000rpm. Through optimizing the structure of top clearance plunger, the amount of the injection advance can become larger and the advanced range of speed is increased. After optimized, the BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) is 4.3% lower than that before when the diesel engine matched the top clearance plunger, which shows its advantage especially in working at high-speed.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF NANSU STOVE WITH A MODIFIED GRID BY THE CONTROLLED COOKING TEST

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 846-855
Author(s):  
Adihou C. Wilfrid ◽  
◽  
Awanto Christophe ◽  
Milohin G. Gladys ◽  
Houngan C. Aristide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Specific Consumption ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cooking Test ◽  
The One

The present work concerns the modification of the grid of the Nansu stove, used in many households in Africa and in particular in Benin. The performance of the stove obtained (modified Nansu) was estimated and compared on the one hand with that of the corresponding reference stove and on the other hand with that of the ordinary Nansu stove. To do this, the Controlled Cooking Test (CCT) was used to determine the specific fuel consumption and cooking time for three dishes, namely rice, beans and voandzou. The results of these tests show that the modified Nansu fireplace is significantly more economical, in terms of fuel consumption and cooking time, compared to the ordinary Nansu fireplace. The savings made by the modified Nansu stove compared to the ordinary Nansu stove are 34.57% to 64.31% in specific consumption and 9.42% to 37.81% in cooking time depending on the type of dish.

Effect of Stationary Natural Gas Engine Oils on Fuel Economy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Dayanand ◽  
John D. Palazzotto ◽  
Alan T. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine

In order to investigate the possible environmental and economic benefits of lubricants optimized for stationary natural gas engine efficiency, a decision was made to develop a test stand to quantify the effects of lubricant viscosities and formulations on the brake specific fuel consumption. Many fuel economy tests already exist for evaluating gasoline and heavy duty diesel motor oils which have proven the benefit of fuel economy from different lubricant formulations. These engines would not be suitable tools for evaluating the fuel economy performance of lubricating oils formulated specifically for stationary natural gas engines, since there are significant differences in operating conditions, fuel type, and oil formulations. This paper describes the adaptation of a Waukesha VSG F11 GSID as a tool to evaluate fuel consumption performance. The performance of brake specific fuel consumption when using different formulations was measured at selected high loads and rated speed. The results of the testing program discuss the viscosity and additive effects of stationary natural gas engine oil formulations on brake specific fuel consumption. The results will detail the change in brake specific fuel consumption between natural gas engine oil formulations blended to varying viscosities and compared to a typical natural gas engine oil formulation with a viscosity of 13.8 cSt @ 100°C. The second portion of the test program explores the effect of different additive packages that were blended to the same finished oil viscosity. It was acknowledged that there were statistical differences in brake specific fuel consumption characteristics between lubricants different in viscosity and additive formulations.

A novel variable geometry turbine achieved by elastically restrained nozzle guide vanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (9) ◽  
pp. 2312-2329
Author(s):  
Zhihui Wang ◽  
Chaochen Ma ◽  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Liyong Huang ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Variable Geometry Turbocharger ◽  
Elastically Restrained

Variable geometry turbocharging is one of the most significant matching methods between turbocharger and engine, and has been proven to provide air boost for entire engine speed range as well as to reduce turbo-lag. An elastically constrained device designed for a novel variable geometry turbocharger was presented in this paper. The design of the device is based on the nozzle vane’s self-adaptation under interactions of the elastic force by elastically restrained guide vane and the aerodynamic force from flowing gas. The vane rotation mechanism of the novel variable geometry turbocharger is different from regular commercial variable geometry turbocharger systems, which is achieved by an active control system (e.g. actuator). To predict the aerodynamic performance of the novel variable geometry turbocharger, the flow field of the turbine was simulated using transient computational fluid dynamics software combined with a fluid–structure interaction method. The results show that the function of elastically constrained device has similar effectiveness as the traditional variable geometry turbocharger. In addition, the efficiency of the novel variable geometry turbocharger is improved at most operating conditions. Furthermore, a turbocharged diesel engine was created using the AVL BOOST software to evaluate the benefits of the new variable geometry turbocharger. The proposed novel variable geometry turbocharger can effectively improve the engine performance at mid-high speeds, such that the maximum decrease of brake-specific fuel consumption reaches 17.91% under 100% load and 3600 r/min engine condition. However, the engine power and brake-specific fuel consumption decrease significantly at low engine speed conditions, and the decrease is more than 26% under 1000 r/min.

scholarly journals Operational and energy performance of the tractor-scarifier assembly: Tires, ballasting and soil cover

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 800-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
José E. L. Lopes ◽  
Carlos A. Chioderoli ◽  
Leonardo de A. Monteiro ◽  
Mara A. M. dos Santos ◽  
Eric H. C. B. van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operative Field ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Rolling Surface

ABSTRACT The heights of tire claws, tractor ballasting and soil cover can influence the operational and energy performance of the tractor-scarifier assembly. The objective of this study was to analyze the operational and energy performance of the tractor-scarifier assembly as a function of the heights of the tire claws, ballasting and rolling surface. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the Fazenda Experimental do Vale do Curu of the Universidade Federal do Ceará in Pentecoste municipality, CE, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four repetitions. The treatments comprised two tire claw heights (T1-28% and T2-100%), two ballasts (B1-100% of solid and 75% liquid weights and B2 - 0% of solid and liquid weights), and two soil surfaces (S1 - soil with 4200 kg of straw ha-1 and S2 - mobilized soil). Worn tires provided a lower bar force (12.88 kN) and power requirement (20.06 kW) and a greater effective and operative field capacity of the tractor-scarifier assembly. The lowest slippage of the front wheels of the tractor was recorded for the worn tires (4.81%).For the rear wheels, slippages were found on the new tires (10.96%), and a higher speed of displacement was found for worn tires (5.54 km h-1). Lower specific fuel consumption was found for the mobilized soil (534.68 g kWh-1); furthermore, the hourly consumption of fuel and the consumption per area were not significantly affected by the treatments analyzed.

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