Economically acceptable service life of mtz-80/82 tractors

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Petr A. Tabakov ◽  
Vasiliy P. Tabakov
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Total Operating Time ◽  
The Cost

Recently, the scientific and technical literature increasingly discusses the service life of agricultural machinery. Economically acceptable lifetimes of tractors and agricultural machines could exceed the amortization ones by 10-15 years. There is a correlation between the life of agricultural machinery and its annual output, which significantly affects the life and effectiveness of its use.(Research purpose). The research purpose is in studying the dependence of the annual running hours, the total cost of eliminating failures, and the cost of running time from the operating life in the range from 1 to 32 years. (Materials and methods) The study was conducted according to the reporting data of SCA "Malalla" and "Pervomaisk" of Batyrevsky district of the Chuvash Republic during 1998-2019. During the study, there were monitored 20 MTZ tractors for 20 years, and archived accounting data were also used. (Results and discussion) An analysis of the consumption of spare parts showed that the largest number of total spare parts falls on the interval of the service life of 17-19 years and operating time of 32-35 thousand of conventional hectares. The largest number of spare parts are spent on 14, 16 and 19 years of operation. For the first three years of operation, until the total operating time of 5850 conventional hectares, the total consumption of spare parts is of 15,410 rubles, which is 2.2 percent of the cost of a new tractor. (Conclusions) A study of the consumption of spare parts, tractor operating hours and the cost of operating hours by years of operation allows us to conclude that from 27 to 32 years of operation, with a total operating time of 46784 conventional hectares, despite the annual increase in the consumption of spare parts, its operating time begins to decrease, and the cost of an operating time unit increases sharply and reaches the operating time during the depreciation period and the total consumption of spare parts reaches the cost of a new tractor. Just at this time, it is necessary to stop the operation of the tractor. The results allow us to create recommendations to improve the efficiency of the operation and use of the machine and tractor fleet in agricultural organizations.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF INCREASING WEAR RESISTANCE AND DURABILITY OF DETAILS

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Olena Trukhanska
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Complex Mechanization ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost

Improving the reliability and service life of machines, components, units is an important factor in reducing the cost of restoration, downtime of equipment in repair, reducing the number of spare parts. The introduction of the latest technologies of agricultural production, as well as constant modern improvement, the complexity of agricultural machinery is a natural result of its development. Parts restoration technologies are among the most resource-saving, because compared to the manufacture of new parts costs are reduced by up to 70%. The main source of resource savings is the cost of materials. At longtime use of machines wear of details is followed by decrease in operational indicators, causes deterioration of quality of products. The tractor PTO shaft is subjected to significant static and dynamic loads. The high wear rate is due to constant friction with the grafting disc, gear, inner bearing rings. The production of a new power take-off shaft requires significant costs, so the development of new technological processes of repair and restoration is relevant. It is rational at restoration of the previous sizes and return of a detail of normal mechanical properties. The remanufactured part is consuming its life, like a new part, and may exceed the service life of the new part. With the increase in the equipment of agricultural production with more advanced equipment, the conduct of complex mechanization and increasing the efficiency of the use of equipment, repair production is developing and changing. The development of the field of restoration of worn parts is based on close cooperation of repair production with branch and basic science, and achievement of scientific and technical progress. A promising direction of restoration technology in the organizational plan is the deepening of the method of group restoration technology - the creation of a unified group equipment for the restoration of surfaces. It is established that the majority of details of the restored cars are rejected at the expense of insignificant wear of working surfaces, making no more than 1% of initial weight of details. Experiments and practice show that the repair of agricultural machinery is technically impossible to avoid. Most worn parts have a high residual value: their restoration consumes 20-30 times less metal and materials than the manufacture of new ones, which is economically feasible. Problems are considered: the choice of technological process of restoration, the choice of technological equipment, tools.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF VEHICLE OPERATING TIME TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF A NUMBER OF FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
A. Krasheninin
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Optimal Average ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Service

Modern vehicles operated on the railways of Ukraine have almost exhausted or exceeded their resource. The overuse of financial and material resources for their maintenance continues. The standard service life of vehicles was calculated on stable economic conditions of use of vehicles and their timely updating in process of aging. The service life of modern vehicles is determined by the influence of many factors, the disregard of which can lead to significant costs, even in compliance with the standard service life. For railway transport, these factors need modern clarification, as in operation their service life often exceeds the standard or, as for intermodal transport, the service life does not have a strict justification. Accordingly, the article analyzes the issues of assessing the impact on the service life of vehicles of the components of the cost of its maintenance and average daily mileage. It is shown that, firstly, the definition of the service life of vehicles must be linked to the cost of vehicle development, its creation, testing and production, the cost of operation and storage, as well as additional costs, and secondly , with the optimal average daily mileage, at which all the costs are minimal.

ON THE CREATION OF SECTORAL MACHINERY RECYCLING SYSTEM IN AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

1970 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
V. I. Ignatov ◽  
V. S. Gerasimov ◽  
N. О. Bogatova ◽  
Z. N. Mishina ◽  
М. S. Mordasova
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

The necessity of formation of resource-saving ekologiurad-based utilization system of agricultural machinery in agriculture was confirmed by studies conducted in the center FNAC VIM in 2013-2018 years during this period, information was collected about the structure of the charged parts of agricultural machinery (agricultural machinery) going to maintenance of the enterprise with the purpose of recycling. Qualified specialists of repair enterprises were involved in determining the status of parts of the utilized equipment, normative documentation and necessary equipment were used. Terms of operation were determined from the date of purchase until the receipt of the machine to the repair company. The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing in order to determine the effect of the terms of service on the technical condition of these items and determining the number of parts of different groups (in percentage) included in the utilized agricultural machinery, as well as one of the main factors for deciding the feasibility of recycling equipment. The aim of work is justification of alternative ecological oriented intelligent system “Selkhozretsikling” formation for realization of a new strategy of resources use connected with their reuse. The averaged dependences of the change in the coefficient of technical readiness for tractors and combines on their service life are determined. Making an informed decision about the appropriateness of further use the machine (repair or disposal), which is close (or reached) to the limit state depends on the accuracy and timeliness of receiving information about the level of loss of its fitness after a certain service life or operating time. As analysis showed in most farms (52%) the preparation of the components of wastes derived of operation technics allows to use their potential on secondary market. Theoretical works and legislative documents make it possible to carry out the necessary practical measures for the formation of a system for utilization of agricultural equipment.

FAILURES OF POLYMER PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (144) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Goncharova ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav A. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Servo Drive ◽  
Minimum Order ◽  
Delivery Times

Since the last century, polymer materials have been widely used in industry. They are increasingly being used in the construction of agricultural machinery. Simultaneously with the spread of polymer parts, there is a need to develop technologies for repairing agricultural machinery containing such parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the failures of polymer parts of agricultural machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The article presents a study of cases of failures of polymer parts of agricultural machinery based on data received from the enterprise LLC "Rassvet" of the Rostov region, the production cooperative "Koelginskoe" of the Chelyabinsk region for 2019 and summary information from various suppliers of spare parts of agricultural machinery. (Results and discussion) The parts of the industrial water treatment filter, turbine water meters and the sprayer housing failed at LLC "Rassvet" during the period under review. In the production cooperative "Koelginskoe" the gear of the servo drive of the grain flow and the oil seal of the hydraulic cylinder of the tractor K-744 failed, and therefore it was necessary to replace the entire unit. It is unprofitable for dealers of agricultural machinery to supply parts in a single copy due to their low cost. (Conclusions) The nomenclature of polymer parts of agricultural machines that fail is quite diverse, and cases of their failures are not rare. In some cases, the replacement of these parts is impossible due to their absence from sale, and in other cases, it turns out to be unprofitable due to long delivery times or a large minimum order batch. In this regard, agricultural producers suffer significant losses, overpaying for a whole node instead of replacing one part.

scholarly journals Conceptual provisions of the strategy of adaptive maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
V. I. Skibchyk ◽  
L. I. Shapoval
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the use mobile agricultural machinery by substantiating the rational terms of its maintenance and repair, taking into account changes in its technical condition from seasonal loading, natural-production and agrometeorological conditions of use. Methods. System analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system-factor and system-event approaches, graphic, statistical. Results. The conceptual provisions of strategy adaptive maintenance and repair mobile agricultural machinery are revealed, as well as its advantages over the known approaches to the organization of repair and maintenance works are marked. The regularities of seasonal loading of mobile agricultural machinery in farms of different natural-production zones of Ukraine analyzed. A generalized algorithm of the strategy of adaptive maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery has been developed. Conclusions 1. It’s established that the main factors that determine the need for maintenance and repair of equipment are its residual life and operating time, and the factors that determine the possible periods of maintenance and repair of equipment – natural-production and agrometeorological characteristics of the agricultural producer. Predicting the impact of these factors on the processes of using mobile agricultural machinery is the basis for justifying the rational timing of its maintenance and repair. 2. The formation of strategy adaptive maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery based on statistical simulation of the processes of seasonal use of machinery by agricultural producers. Such a model should take into account the natural-production characteristics of the agricultural producer, the characteristics of its technical support, agrometeorological conditions and generate technical and economic indicators of many possible options for adaptive plans for seasonal maintenance and repair of each unit. 3. It’s established that the criterion for substantiation of a rational seasonal adaptive plan for maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery is the minimum total cost of implementing the relevant strategy. The total cost of funds should take into account the cost of maintenance and repair of machinery, the cost of potential crop losses caused by late performance of mechanized agricultural work machinery due to its incapacity, and cost due to underutilization of technical resources. Keywords: rational terms, maintenance, repair, algorithm, strategy, mobile agricultural machinery.

THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE WEAR OF THE MAIN MECHANISMS AND SYSTEMS OF THE NTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (142) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Grigoriy A. Iovlev ◽  
◽  
Irina I. Goldina
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Acceptable Method

In the course of operation of transport and technological machines (tractors, cars, grain and forage harvesters and other complex agricultural machinery), the joints in the nodes, aggregates, and mechanisms are worn out. The amount of wear depends on the service life and operating conditions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in searching for the most acceptable method for practical application of determining the optimal frequency of technical service to ensure high reliability and efficiency through reducing the intensity of wear of the interfaces of components, aggregates, mechanisms of the transport and technological machine; proposing coefficients for adjusting the frequency standards when planning and organizing maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. (Materials and methods) The condition of the crankshafts of internal combustion engines at the operating time close to carrying out major repairs, 5000 hours (maintenance - 3) for tractors, 192,000 km and 150,000 km (routine repairs) for vehicles like KAMAZ and GAZ-3309. Authors applied the methods used to determine the optimal frequency of maintenance and repair, which characterize the quality of technical impacts. (Results and discussion) The article presents calculations performed to determine the maximum performance of the unit as part of a tractor with different maintenance intervals and an agricultural machine based on the use of a statistical method (according to the probability of failure). Authors found that the most acceptable method for determining the optimal frequency of technical impacts is the "unit cost" method. The article proposes coefficients for adjusting the frequency of technical impacts. (Conclusions) Determining the optimal frequency of technical impacts will minimize operating costs and prevent possible failures. To do this, it is necessary to choose an acceptable method that determines the optimal frequency and ensures minimal wear of the interfaces in the nodes, aggregates, mechanisms of transport and technological machines.

Possibilities of 3D-scanning technologies in the repair of agricultural and forestry equipment

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Golubev ◽  
Vladimir V. Bykov ◽  
Mikhail I. Golubev ◽  
Ivan A. Spitsyn
Keyword(s):  
3D Scanning ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Input Control ◽  
Contact Devices ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Parts Manufacturing

The share of the main types of agricultural machinery with a service life of more than 10 years in the total volume of equipment remains high. The maintenance the performance of machinery and equipment are performed mainly by repair and restoration processes. In recent years, there used a 3D-scanning technology in the repair of machines. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in searching for the possibility of using 3D-scanning technologies in the repair of equipment based on the analysis of information materials. (Materials and methods) Authors used open information sources from various scientific and educational organizations for analysis. The great attention has been paid to the analysis of 3D-scanning technologies presented at various international specialized exhibitions. It was found that various laser scanners have been developed and used for 3D-scanning, mainly for quality control of parts manufacturing. It was also found that they can be used to control the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of agricultural machinery parts during the input control of spare parts and repair of machines. (Results and discussion) It has been found that 3D-scanning improves the accuracy and performance of measurements in comparison with contact devices. The article notes that the use of 3D-scanning in convergent modeling technologies and in additive manufacturing is becoming a modern trend in mechanical engineering. (Conclusions) A promising direction for the introduction of 3D-technologies in repair production is the integrated use of additive technologies and 3D-scanning; when parts are defective after disassembly of the repaired units, the machine uses a 3D-scanner to determine the wear, and a 3D-printer to restore the worn surface, taking into account the uneven wear. The advantages of this repair technology include increasing the accuracy of measurement, reducing the range of measurement tools used, and the ability to restore parts of complex geometric shapes. Spot application of a layer of additive material to the wear site reduces material consumption by 20-90 percent.

Creation of hybrid machines for the production of agricultural parts

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
A. P. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
The Cost

The equipment of agricultural machinery has its own special features due to the following reasons: high requirements for wear resistance and fatigue strength of the working surfaces of parts that experience heavy loads; relatively large dimensions and weight of manufactured machines; mainly small-scale and serial production, etc. In the conditions of aging and wear of the machine and tractor fleet, multiple increases in the cost of machines and spare parts, and the lack of financial resources, the issue of technical equipment of agricultural production should be solved by developing new and improving the existing technological processes of production and repair. In the production of agricultural machinery and mechanisms, it is necessary to use modern technologies, equipment, and materials. An urgent task is the development and application of hybrid technologies and hybrid equipment for the production of machines and mechanisms, as well as spare parts for the machine and tractor fleet. The paper presents the options for applying the principle of combination. This will allow creating machine tool systems where different types of processing can be combined on a single platform, which reduces the time for intermediate and auxiliary operations, the range of available equipment, maintenance and repair costs, etc., which is especially important for small enterprises, repair shops, and small businesses that produce machines and mechanisms for agricultural purposes. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/creation-of-hybrid-machines-for-the-production-of-agricultural-parts/69769.html

Use of contactless methods and means for checking the quality of agricultural machinery spare parts

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Skorokhodov ◽  
Konstantin A. Krasnyashchikh ◽  
Aleksey S. Sviridov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Technical Parameters

Quality control of spare parts of agricultural machinery has now acquired significant relevance, which is due to the presence of a large share of low-quality products on the market. The use of low-quality spare parts increases the risk of failure of the equipment in use, which lead to its downtime and financial losses of the agricultural producer, which is highly undesirable in the modern realities of the domestic agricultural industry. Contactless methods and tools for quality control of spare parts will improve the accuracy and productivity of control. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a device that allows to control the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of spare parts, the use of which should increase the performance and accuracy of control due to a comprehensive non-contact method of measuring spare parts. (Materials and methods) Authors applied a non-contact triangulation method for controlling geometric parameters and a X-ray fluorescence method for controlling physical and mechanical parameters. (Results and discussion) The article presents the devices that are closest in technical parameters and based on them an automated measuring device using methods and means that allows controlling the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of the object. The article presents the principle of operation and functions of an automated measuring device. The article describes the factors that affect the control process by an automated measuring device. (Conclusions) It was found that the use of contactless methods and quality control tools for spare parts of agricultural machinery could improve the accuracy and productivity of control and eliminate the influence of human factors on the measurement process. Timely quality control of spare parts of agricultural machinery using an automated measuring device will allow to identify low-quality or counterfeit spare parts before installation on the repaired equipment, which will reduce the risk of failures of agricultural machinery.

scholarly journals Digitalization and use of artificial intelligence technologies in technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Ivan Grigorievich Golubev
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the prospects of digitalization and use of artificial intelligence technologies in the technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural industry, including the productivity and quality of products in such sectors as crop production, livestock, processing of agricultural products, a transition to innovative technologies is required. Their use in agricultural production makes it possible to significantly competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation. To do this, the technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex, which provides for the renewal of its base with domestic agricultural machinery is required. In modern machines, a large number of electronic systems with various sensors are involved. They allow to control the operation of various units, including the internal combustion engine, transmission, work tools and other mechanisms. The use of such systems makes it possible to reduce the cost of maintenance and use of equipment, to monitor the modes of operation and technical condition of equipment around the clock, to conduct repair and maintenance activities as required. The current global trend is the use of remote machine diagnostics systems. They allow service centers and emergency support to diagnose a vehicle at a distance, reducing downtime. In recent years, there has been a trend towards digital solutions in machine maintenance. 3D technologies are promising for repair of agricultural machinery, including restoration and hardening of parts. They can be used to measure the geometric dimensions and determine the physical and mechanical properties of part faces of agricultural machines during the incoming inspection of spare parts and fault detection of parts, by scanning them. The introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the repair practice will reduce the duration of repair and maintenance actions during the technical service of agricultural machinery and significantly reduce the cost of their implementation.

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