scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF VEHICLE OPERATING TIME TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF A NUMBER OF FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
A. Krasheninin
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Optimal Average ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Service

Modern vehicles operated on the railways of Ukraine have almost exhausted or exceeded their resource. The overuse of financial and material resources for their maintenance continues. The standard service life of vehicles was calculated on stable economic conditions of use of vehicles and their timely updating in process of aging. The service life of modern vehicles is determined by the influence of many factors, the disregard of which can lead to significant costs, even in compliance with the standard service life. For railway transport, these factors need modern clarification, as in operation their service life often exceeds the standard or, as for intermodal transport, the service life does not have a strict justification. Accordingly, the article analyzes the issues of assessing the impact on the service life of vehicles of the components of the cost of its maintenance and average daily mileage. It is shown that, firstly, the definition of the service life of vehicles must be linked to the cost of vehicle development, its creation, testing and production, the cost of operation and storage, as well as additional costs, and secondly , with the optimal average daily mileage, at which all the costs are minimal.

scholarly journals Rationale for main fans service life in the conditions of changing load

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Kopachev Valerii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Mine Ventilation ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Standard Service

Research aim is to study basic regularities in functional condition change of main fans included in the confi guration of main mine ventilation installations depending on the technological service conditions. The research also aims to determine the standard service life of main fans with the account of the diff erential analysis of the destructive factors, structural features, intensity and modes of operation of ventilation plants. 108 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 6. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 Research methodology. Based on the analysis of main fan installations structure and differential analysis of technological factors affecting the functional efficiency of main fans, a mathematical model has been proposed which determines the standard and residual life of the main fan with the account of the changing load. Results and analysis. As a result of studying the impact of destructive factors on the main functional parts of the main fan, an equation has been proposed, which takes into account the physical properties of the material the fan elements are made of together with the quantitative effect of the external physical factors on the machine’s operation. Research results show that the resource of the main fans should be determined based on the useful life of the machine’s major component, i.e. mainshaft, with the account of the machine’s operation mode. Conclusions and scope of results. Circuit designs of mine ventilation plants predetermine the main fans service life. The service life should be established at the stage of the detail design with the account of the differential analysis of the destructive factors, structural features, intensity and operation modes of ventilation plants. The proposed methodology for main mine fans residual life determination is applied in expert organizations and Guidances on the determination of residual life of main mine fans which operate under the excess of the standard service life. The methodology may also be applied by project organizations to determine the design service life for the constructed main ventilation installations.

scholarly journals Employee theft in the South African retail industry: Killing the goose that lays the golden egg?

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 444-454
Author(s):  
Michael Colin Cant ◽  
Elsa C. Nell
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Employee Theft ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Projection Techniques ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Employee theft has once again come to the fore as a result of the economic crises prevailing world wide. It is a known fact that as economic hardships increase people are looking at other ways and means to supplement their declining income. One such method is unethical behaviour in the form of employee theft. Retail shrinkage as a result of theft by employees and consumers is a serious problem worldwide and has a direct effect on commerce and industry. Not only does it result in a loss of profit but the retailer is also faced with additional costs such as legal expenses, loss of productivity, expensive security measures, product replacements, increased insurance, loss of trained staff and the expense of retraining new staff in the case of conviction of dishonest employees. The cost of employee theft is enormous and it has a definite and detrimental impact on business activities. Industry estimates place shrinkage at between 5 and 7 percent of turnover, with most companies budgeting for at least 3 to 5 percent. The main purpose of the study was to examine the reasons why employees participate in this type of dishonest behaviour and the methods that they use in such instances. The research followed a quantitative approach where a survey questionnaire was used as the data collection method. As few if any person will admit to stealing, projection techniques were used to obtain the information. It was found that employees are aware of a variety of methods by which employees steal. The impression was gained that employees are not aware of the impact and effect losses of this nature have on the future success of a company. Dishonesty creates its own vicious circle. If management is perceived as treating employees unfairly in order to make even larger profits employees become defiant and react in such a dishonest manner. Employees then regard stealing as paying management back for this. This study highlights the areas where corrective action is required and indicates the need for a strict security policy and a beneficial corporate environment to be created by management.

Cyber Crimes

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Hasan L. Al-Saedy
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cost ◽  
International Security ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Cyber Crime ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
Cyber Crimes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The financial cost of cyber crime now has an annual cost estimated in the UK in eleven figures. In this chapter an ethic based definition of cyber crime is introduced and cyber crimes are classified. The impact of each class of cyber crime on society, individual, government and international security is highlighted. The cost of cyber crime is evaluated and a technique to prevent and mitigate the effect of these crimes on individual, government and international security and world peace is indicated. The forensic techniques and tools used in cyber crime evidence gathering and prosecuting procedure is also indicated. Finally, recommendations and suggestion are given to mitigate the impact of cyber crime on individuals, societies, world finance and international security.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE DESIGN ON THE RELIABILITY OF RADIO ELECTRONIC MEANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
L. Sakovich ◽  
◽  
Yu. Мiroshnichenko ◽  
М. Yakovlev ◽  
M. Borisenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Radio Electronic ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Diagnostic Support

The article discusses approaches to ensuring the required level of reliability of radio electronic means when designing the design of products, taking into account the metrological and diagnostic support during their operation. It is known that up to 80% of the current repair time is occupied by the search for defects, therefore, special attention is paid to the influence of the product design on minimizing the average diagnosis time. The quantity of elements of modern radio electronic means is constantly increasing due to the expansion of their functions and automation of technological operations, but the requirements for their reliability remain constant. This contradiction can be solved by increasing the reliability of the element base, which leads to an increase in the cost of the product, which is not always acceptable. Therefore, there is a problem of providing the necessary values of reliability in other ways, including taking into account the requirements of maintainability of products in the design, as well as improving metrological and diagnostic maintenance during operation in real conditions using modern advances in metrology and technical diagnostics. Thus, there is a problem of quantitative assessment of the impact of the design of radio electronic means on their reliability, as well as a reasonable choice of recovery options for maintenance in the minimum time. This will provide the required values of reliability without additional costs during the operation of radio electronic means. Possible options for restoring the operability of multi-output objects, which include power supply subsystems, are considered. It is shown that a reasonable choice of design, metrological and diagnostic support reduces the time of current repair by up to 30%. The use of the results obtained in the design of promising and existing radioelectronic devices for various purposes makes it possible to increase the efficiency of current repairs in real conditions.

scholarly journals Economic Security of the Region: Evaluation and Security Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Marina Buyanova ◽  
Irina Averina ◽  
Alina Kulakova
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integral Indicator

Modern globalization processes cause the emergence of new threats to society, and necessitate the development of innovative mechanisms to overcome them in order to improve the level of security at various levels of management. The objective of this study is to test the methodology for assessing the level of security of the economic system of the region (based on the use of an integral indicator), as well as the definition of mechanisms for its provision at the meso-level. The structure of this indicator includes aspects of the impact on the stability of the system of the following factors (market, non-market and social ones), based on the system of indicators (the number of employed population, the cost of technological innovation per capita, investment in fixed capital, etc.). The calculation of summary indicators is given on the example of one of the subjects of the Russian Federation (Volgograd region), which allowed to determine negative changes in the level of economic security in the region (significant technological backwardness, consistent depletion of natural resources, growth of budget commitments, etc.). Due to the comprehensive assessment, a list of factors that cause this condition has been identified with the aim of further targeted impact from public authorities to overcome the negative trends in the economic system of the region and (or) leveling their consequences. The development of mechanisms to ensure the economic security of the region, based on the above-mentioned method of integrated assessment, allows not only to fully assess the state of the regional economy, but also to identify the potential to strengthen the position of the entity of the country both at the national and international arena.

scholarly journals Development of an approach to cadastral valuation of real estate in areas of possible manifestations of natural disasters and emergency situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-202
Author(s):  
Alexey Dubrovsky ◽  
Tamara Vereshchaka ◽  
Pavel Batin ◽  
Olesya Malygina
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of studies on the adjustment of cadastral value using a new factor-the probability of an emergency or natural disaster. A new term, emergency geospatial, has been introduced for the spatial definition of an emergency. The analysis of the legal regime of lands subject to emergency situations is carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the legal definition of the geospatial boundary of the emergency situation and the impact of emergencies on real estate. The characteristic of emergency situations, as well as the probability of their occurrence is given. The connection between the emergency situation and the cadastral value of real estate is shown. The dependence of the value of real estate on their location in the geospatial probable emergency. The technological scheme of determination of cadastral value of real estate objects in the zone of manifestation of an emergency situation is developed. A geoinformation project was carried out on the territory of the city of Novosibirsk. The most probable emergencies are taken into account. The map of zones of possible manifestation of emergency situations is made. The comparison of the cost of real estate in emergency zones, with objects analogues, located outside the emergency zone. The values of the correction factor for adjusting the cadastral value are proposed. The map of distribution of correction factors for adjustment of cadastral value of real estate objects in zones of possible manifestation of emergency situations is made. Work on the adjustment of the cadastral value of real estate located in the areas of possible manifestations of emergency situations is promising. First, the zones must be taken into account in modern urban policy and as much as possible to protect real estate and the population from the manifestation of emergency situations. Secondly, the reduction of cadastral value and taxes will allow owners to invest in insurance funds and insure real estate.

scholarly journals Conceptual provisions of the strategy of adaptive maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
V. I. Skibchyk ◽  
L. I. Shapoval
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the use mobile agricultural machinery by substantiating the rational terms of its maintenance and repair, taking into account changes in its technical condition from seasonal loading, natural-production and agrometeorological conditions of use. Methods. System analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system-factor and system-event approaches, graphic, statistical. Results. The conceptual provisions of strategy adaptive maintenance and repair mobile agricultural machinery are revealed, as well as its advantages over the known approaches to the organization of repair and maintenance works are marked. The regularities of seasonal loading of mobile agricultural machinery in farms of different natural-production zones of Ukraine analyzed. A generalized algorithm of the strategy of adaptive maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery has been developed. Conclusions 1. It’s established that the main factors that determine the need for maintenance and repair of equipment are its residual life and operating time, and the factors that determine the possible periods of maintenance and repair of equipment – natural-production and agrometeorological characteristics of the agricultural producer. Predicting the impact of these factors on the processes of using mobile agricultural machinery is the basis for justifying the rational timing of its maintenance and repair. 2. The formation of strategy adaptive maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery based on statistical simulation of the processes of seasonal use of machinery by agricultural producers. Such a model should take into account the natural-production characteristics of the agricultural producer, the characteristics of its technical support, agrometeorological conditions and generate technical and economic indicators of many possible options for adaptive plans for seasonal maintenance and repair of each unit. 3. It’s established that the criterion for substantiation of a rational seasonal adaptive plan for maintenance and repair of mobile agricultural machinery is the minimum total cost of implementing the relevant strategy. The total cost of funds should take into account the cost of maintenance and repair of machinery, the cost of potential crop losses caused by late performance of mechanized agricultural work machinery due to its incapacity, and cost due to underutilization of technical resources. Keywords: rational terms, maintenance, repair, algorithm, strategy, mobile agricultural machinery.

scholarly journals The Reflection of the application TD-ABC approach on profits persistence Applied study in the General State of Hydraulic Industries Factory of Plastic*

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (116) ◽  
pp. 226-261
Author(s):  
Sabiha Barzan Alubaidy
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The interest of many companies has become dealing with the tools and methods that reduce the costs as one of the most important factors of successful companies, and became the subject of the attention of many economic units because of the impact on the profits of company, and since the nineties of the last century the researchers and writers gave great attention to this subject, especially in light of the large competition and rapid developments in cost management techniques, as well as the wide and significant change in production methods that have been directed towards achieving customer satisfaction, all this and more driven by economic units in all sectors whether it is service or productivity to find methods that would reduce the costs and thereby increase the profits. As well as achieving a market share compared to economic units operating in the same sector. This study seeks to apply the method of reducing the manufacturing factory overhead costs through the use of time-driven activity-based costing. The aim of the research is to use this technique and to determine the effect of this method in measuring the profit persistence of the company. The traditional method used in the company the research sample to determine the indirect costs and the extent of its impact on the measurement of the profit persistence, the definition of the concepts and characteristics of the method of cost-based activity and the cost method based on time-driven activity and justifications applied to companies, so, the research problem was that the traditional method used by the company the research sample in determining manufacturing factory overhead costs is not fair and objective as it builds the actual basis for determining manufacturing factory overhead costs at the level of the factory as a whole. Consequently, it does not represent cost-effective information that reflects the cost-effectiveness of the plant in the sample of the research and in a manner that affects the profitability of the company the research sample and thus in measuring the profit persistence.

scholarly journals Cost engineering as the basis for integration of the processes of planning, financing and pricing in investment and construction activity

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Borisovich Sborshchikov ◽  
Natal’ya Valer’evna Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Current trends in the science and practice of construction indicate the ability to control the economic means of phenomena and processes occurring in the area of investment and construction activities, towards the realization of sustainable development goals. In this regard, the subsystem of planning, funding and pricing implement the problems of resource maintenance of the building complex on the hierarchy levels, the maintenance of homeostatic equilibrium of the system, as well as measure the effectiveness and profitability of production and ensuring processes. The purpose of the article is the search for capability to determine the impact, which are the change in prices for certain types of material and technical resources or reduction of unit costs. Our results are aimed at creating a model for cost control (costs, profit) of an investment and construction project and the development of theoretical foundations of value engineering. Another result of the article is an equation with which you can simulate the effects of intensity changes of individual streams, such as pay increase under certain conditions of construction, changes in the income of an enterprises and other. The features of the article include the recording of the construction hierarchy levels at each time point which depends on the concentration of a certain amount of labor, equipment and the volume of material resources, an optimal distribution between objects and areas of activity, reducing material costs and improving productivity constant. In this case, not only an objective necessity is considered, but also crucial prerequisite for sustainable development. The use of these factors leads to a decrease in the cost of construction of the object as a result of productivity growth and is reflected in the implementation of the final price of construction products.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF DEFINITION OF EFFICIENCY OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ON THE BASIS OF COST-NORMATIVE VALUE

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3(65)) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
I.V. Bereza
Keyword(s):  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Normative Value ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Construction Works

The methodical approaches to cost management in the organization of work on the reconstruction and overhaul of railway buildings and structures on the basis of the cost-standard method with the use of the method of estimating the cost of the life cycle as an economic analysis of the total expenses for the performance of repair and construction works are developed and proposed. For the implementation of local estimated estimates of the cost of reconstruction and overhaul of railway structures on the basis of normative and technical documentation and initial data (on the design of the building or structure, the machine complex and the length of time provided for the works ("window" or "closed transfer")), according to collections of estimated standards, the selection of appropriate prices for the complexes of works in the technological sequence, the corresponding version of work execution is carried out. In order to account for additional costs to individual prices, correction factors are used in accordance with the conditions of their application and are stipulated in the general provisions of the relevant price lists. The estimated cost of work on the railways of railways and structures is determined by the basic-index method. Data on the resources obtained from the estimated calculations for the considered options, make it possible to compare resource indicators in both quantitative and cost terms and determine the maximum values for the main elements of expenditure that can be used in additional conditions, at the option of an economically feasible option of repair- construction works. Proceeding from the above developed methodology for calculating the normative estimated cost of work on RCR railway buildings and structures on the basis of a normative method using the author's developed methodological recommendations for the formation of cost-regulatory documents and current indexes of change in the estimated cost of articles and elements of expenditure.

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