FORMATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT SYSTEMS FOR PROVIDING ABIOTIC FACTORS IN ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF CULTIVATION OF UTERINE ENTOMOCULES

Energy-efficient systems that will enable the implementation of abiotic conditions - important components of adaptive technologies, such as air temperature, relative humidity, air mobility, lighting levels, etc., must meet the requirements of environmental friendliness and minimize economic and energy costs. This requires the use of modern energy efficient technologies, equipment and devices. The purpose of the research is the development of a system for providing abiotic factors in the implementation of adaptive technologies for crops of guaranteed quality, characterized by resource savings and environmental safety. Methods. Analysis of the introduction of technologies and equipment in the process of cultivation of uterine entomocultures, which will increase the efficiency of technological processes of entomoproduction production. Results. The key abiotic factors in adaptive technologies of cultivation of uterine cultures are determined. Technologies, equipment and devices for their provision are studied and the initial requirements to the energy efficient systems consisting of them are formed. Conclusions. The analysis showed the advantages of using film contact devices and ultrasonic ones for energy treatment in adaptive technologies of cultivation of uterine entomocultures in terms of energy efficiency by almost 20% and efficiency by 15%. To ensure the required type and level of lighting, it is recommended to use incandescent lamps and LED lamps. Nozzles with nozzles and perforated panels are defined as distributive elements for air supply, which will almost double the efficiency of using the potential of the air prepared by the microclimate system.

Performance Improvement in single-gate organic transistors with contacts at top and bottom: Additional p + region insertion near source and drain

This research explores performance attributes of bottom gate top contact (BGTC) and bottom gate bottom contact (BGBC) organic thin film transistors (OTFT). To upgrade the performance characteristics, a region of 5nm with high concentration of carrier is tallied neighboring contacts. The drain current for BGTC is –18.6μ A as compared to –5.1μ A of BGBC transistor. Also, it is established that the innate attributes of BGTC are better than those of their counterparts, which is typically considered because of the inadequate contact attributes and mediocre semiconductor quality of BGBC OTFT. The analysis showed that upon varying the length of the channel ranging from 5μm to 40μm, there was a significant change in the drain current of BGTC and BGBC devices. For the same values of V GS and V DS (0V to –5V) where drain current in BGTC structure varied from –129.86μ A to –13.69μ A, whereas for their counterparts it ranged from –37.10μ A to –3.76μ A for channel length equal to 5μ m and 40μ m respectively. Also, with the varying doping strength ranging from 1012 cm–3 to 1016 cm–3 for BGBC device, drain current varied from –2.15μ A to –18.52μ A for BGTC whereas for BGBC it varied from –0.19μ A to –7.09μ A keeping V GS and V DS –5 V, yielding that upon varying the doping strength, where for BGTC I D changed by a factor of 8.6, the BGBC device showed a considerable change by a factor of 37.3. Likewise, mobility, threshold voltage, sub-threshold swing and transconductance also showing better performance with the P + insertion. These variations in the innate attributes are primarily due to the deficiency of carriers at the interface of source and channel, leading to a greater drop in the potential, which is more prominent for the bottom gate bottom contact devices.

Cardiopulmonary Sleep Spectrograms Open a Novel Window Into Sleep Biology—Implications for Health and Disease

The interactions of heart rate variability and respiratory rate and tidal volume fluctuations provide key information about normal and abnormal sleep. A set of metrics can be computed by analysis of coupling and coherence of these signals, cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC). There are several forms of CPC, which may provide information about normal sleep physiology, and pathological sleep states ranging from insomnia to sleep apnea and hypertension. As CPC may be computed from reduced or limited signals such as the electrocardiogram or photoplethysmogram (PPG) vs. full polysomnography, wide application including in wearable and non-contact devices is possible. When computed from PPG, which may be acquired from oximetry alone, an automated apnea hypopnea index derived from CPC-oximetry can be calculated. Sleep profiling using CPC demonstrates the impact of stable and unstable sleep on insomnia (exaggerated variability), hypertension (unstable sleep as risk factor), improved glucose handling (associated with stable sleep), drug effects (benzodiazepines increase sleep stability), sleep apnea phenotypes (obstructive vs. central sleep apnea), sleep fragmentations due to psychiatric disorders (increased unstable sleep in depression).

Evaluating Visual Photoplethysmography Method

Regular monitoring of common physiological signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, can be an effective way to either prevent or detect many kinds of chronic conditions. In particular, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a worldwide concern. According to the World Health Organization, 32% of all deaths worldwide are from CVDs. In addition, stress-related issues cost $190 billion in healthcare costs per year. Currently, contact devices are required to extract most of an individuals physiological information, which can be uncomfortable for users and can cause discomfort. However, in recent years, remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) technology is gaining growing interest, which enables contactless monitoring of the blood volume pulse signal using a regular camera, and ultimately can provide the same physiological information as a contact device. In this paper, we propose a benchmark comparison using a new multimodal database consisting of 56 subjects where each subject was submitted to three different tasks. Each subject wore a wearable device capable of extracting photoplethysmography signals and was filmed to allow simultaneous rPPG signal extraction. Several experiments were conducted, including a comparison between information from contact and remote signals and stress state recognition. Results have shown that in this dataset, rPPG signals were capable of dealing with motion artifacts better than contact PPG sensors and overall had better quality if compared to the signals from the contact sensor. Moreover, the statistical analysis of the variance method had shown that at least two HRV features, NNi 20 and SAMPEN were capable of differentiating between Stress and Non-Stress states. In addition, three features, IBI, NNi 20, and SAMPEN were capable of differentiating between tasks relating to different levels of difficulty. Furthermore, using machine learning to classify a stressed or unstressed state, the models were able to achieve an accuracy score of 83.11%.

Algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances of in-plant electrical networks

THE PURPOSE. Investigation of the degree of influence of the characteristics of in- plant electrical networks on the reliability of the results in the algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances. METHODS. When solving this problem, a study of the radial power supply scheme of the tool shop section was carried out with the calculation and modeling of equivalent and reference values of the circuit resistances. Algorithms and methods for estimating the values of equivalent resistances have been developed, taking into account the main technical characteristics of in-plant networks.RESULTS. The data of calculations of the equivalent resistance values of the circuits with an assessment of the heating factor of the conductors and the resistance factor of the contact devices are analyzed. The proportions of the influence of the resistances of the contact equipment and lines, taking into account the number of electric power receivers connected to the power point, on the value of the equivalent resistances of the circuit are revealed. CONCLUSION. The article develops algorithms for estimating the values of equivalent resistances of in-plant power supply circuits. Nomograms are presented that take into account the number and length of the circuit lines with the allocation of the zone of accounting for the resistances of contact equipment in the equivalent resistances of the circuits. The obtained algorithms and results are recommended to be used to clarify the amount of power and electrical energy losses in the intra- factory networks, which will increase the reliability of calculations.

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK IN OIL REFINERIES

Today, the main methods of protection against corrosion of contact devices of rectification equipment for oil refining, in particular, stainless steel mesh packing, under conditions of relatively high temperatures (150–250°C) and in the presence of aggressive components in oil feedstock (hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, mercaptans, other sulfur compounds, chloride ions, organochlorine compounds, water) are the use of special alloys as protective coatings, as well as corrosion inhibitors that reduce the corrosive effect of an aggressive environment. At the same time, most of these methods have disadvantages associated with high operating costs, insufficient efficiency, or the ability to protect only from a certain factor, and not from their combination. In this regard, studies of the corrosion resistance of mesh contact devices made of stainless steel grade 12Х18Н10Т, on three types of samples: alloy wire, welded mesh, thin sheet. Titanium nitride (TiN) and metal coatings of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti) and chromium (Cr) were used as anticorrosive coatings for these samples. These coatings were applied to the samples by two methods: electrolytic method and vacuum ion-plasma spraying. It was found that the optimum thickness of the coating is 10–15 µm, at which the resulting films have sufficient ductility and do not peel off from the surface of the corresponding stainless alloy. The study of corrosion of samples of stainless steel 12Cr18N10T with applied coatings and without coatings was carried out by immersion in compositions containing oil, as well as in simulating aggressive oil-containing media. As a result of the studies, it was found that protective coatings of chromium and titanium nitride, applied by vacuum ion-plasma spraying, are the most effective from the point of view of corrosion protection of stainless steel mesh contact devices used in rectification columns. Keywords: rectification column, mesh contact devices, stainless steel, aggressive media, corrosion inhibitors, anti-corrosion protective coatings.