Creation of hybrid machines for the production of agricultural parts

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
A. P. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
The Cost

The equipment of agricultural machinery has its own special features due to the following reasons: high requirements for wear resistance and fatigue strength of the working surfaces of parts that experience heavy loads; relatively large dimensions and weight of manufactured machines; mainly small-scale and serial production, etc. In the conditions of aging and wear of the machine and tractor fleet, multiple increases in the cost of machines and spare parts, and the lack of financial resources, the issue of technical equipment of agricultural production should be solved by developing new and improving the existing technological processes of production and repair. In the production of agricultural machinery and mechanisms, it is necessary to use modern technologies, equipment, and materials. An urgent task is the development and application of hybrid technologies and hybrid equipment for the production of machines and mechanisms, as well as spare parts for the machine and tractor fleet. The paper presents the options for applying the principle of combination. This will allow creating machine tool systems where different types of processing can be combined on a single platform, which reduces the time for intermediate and auxiliary operations, the range of available equipment, maintenance and repair costs, etc., which is especially important for small enterprises, repair shops, and small businesses that produce machines and mechanisms for agricultural purposes. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/creation-of-hybrid-machines-for-the-production-of-agricultural-parts/69769.html

scholarly journals Technical eguipment in the construction: problems and ways to improve

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 90-109
Author(s):  
Zalina Ruslanovna Tuskaeva
Keyword(s):  
Spare Parts ◽  
Construction Equipment ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Construction equipment is one of the most significant factors contributing to the decrease in the cost of the work, increase of the profitability of the industry as a whole. In the process of reforming of the Russian economy in general and the construction complex in particular, technical equipment of building production has fallen sharply both in quantitative and qualitative sense. Vehicles with expired service life have a sharp drop in performance. Burden on many kinds of construction machinery have increased. There is a growing need for repair and renovation of the construction equipment fleet. There is a relatively high proportion of the massive equipment where the need for it is low. This is accompanied by higher costs for small-scale works. Serious problems were also detected in the sphere of construction equipment repair. This market is divided into two categories: very expensive services with spare parts, and relatively inexpensive, but not enough qualified services with a corresponding guarantee of reliability. In the context of the difficult financial situation of building units it is becoming a significant problem. Major concerns arise on how to optimize the technical and economic indicators of operation of the machines due to the increase in the cost of purchased equipment and operating costs for its maintenance. The analysis of the use of construction machinery shows that a solution to the problems existing in this specific part of the construction activities is required. The time has come when it is necessary to develop and implement the strategy development and effective use of technical equipment in the construction. The paper outlines the key issues and suggests the approaches to improve the technical equipment in the construction.

scholarly journals Technical Readiness of the Machine-Tractor Aggregate: Statistical Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
М.М. Юрков ◽  
В.В. Жолудева ◽  
Е.В. Уткин
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Readiness

В статье проанализированы наиболее существенные факторы, влияющие на техническую готовность тракторов к работе, с помощью математико-статистического моделирования. Исследование проведено на одном из сельскохозяйственных предприятий Ярославской области. Техническая готовность техники зависит от множества субъективных и объективных факторов. В результате исследований авторами было выявлено восемь факторов, влияющих на техническую готовность тракторов (затраты на ремонт и техническое обслуживание (ТО) одного физического трактора за год, руб.; затраты на ТО на один эт. га в год, руб.; стоимость материально-технической базы (МТБ) по ремонту и ТО, приходящаяся на один эт. трактор, тыс. руб.; обеспеченность работающими механизаторами на 100 физических тракторов, чел.; наличие механизаторов, имеющих 1–3 классы квалификации, % к общему количеству; доля услуг предприятий сельхозтехники в затратах на ремонт и ТО, %; затраты на запасные части за один год на один эт. трактор, руб.; доля стоимости узлов и агрегатов при ремонте тракторов, %). Для описания процесса были использованы методы многофакторного корреляционного и регрессионного анализа. Выявлено, что наиболее существенное влияние на результативный признак (коэффициент технической готовности тракторов) оказывает величина затрат на ТО в расчёте на один эт. га в год и наличие механизаторов, имеющих 1–3 классы квалификации. Применение предложенной методики, по мнению авторов, обеспечит не только определение технического состояния агрегатов и механизмов, но и сократит время простоя техники, снизит затраты на ТО и технический ремонт, а также на расход запасных деталей и материалов и повысит производительность труда. The article analyzes the most significant factors affecting the technical readiness of tractors for work using mathematical and statistical modeling. The research was carried out at one of the agricultural enterprises of the Yaroslavl region. Technical readiness of machinery depends on many subjective and objective factors. As a result of the research the authors identified eight factors affecting the technical readiness of tractors (repair and maintenance costs (maintenance) of one physical tractor per year, Rub.; maintenance costs per reference unit ha per year, Rub.; the cost of the material and technical base (MTB) for repair and maintenance which is accounted for by reference tractor, RUB, in thousands; provision of working machine operators for 100 physical tractors, people; the presence of machine operators with 1–3 qualification classes, % of the total number; share of agricultural equipment services in repair and maintenance costs, %; service parts costs per year per reference tractor, Rub..; share of components and assemblies cost during tractor repair, %). Multifactor correlation and regression analysis techniques were used to describe the process. It was revealed that the most significant impact on the effective feature (tractor technical readiness factor) is the amount of maintenance costs calculated per reference ha per year and the presence of machine operators with 1–3 qualification classes. The application of the proposed technique according to the authors, will ensure not only the determination of the technical condition of units and mechanisms, but also reduce the out-of-service time of equipment, reduce maintenance and technical repair costs, as well as the consumption of spare parts and materials and increase labor productivity.

scholarly journals Digitalization and use of artificial intelligence technologies in technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Ivan Grigorievich Golubev
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the prospects of digitalization and use of artificial intelligence technologies in the technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). In order to improve the efficiency of agricultural industry, including the productivity and quality of products in such sectors as crop production, livestock, processing of agricultural products, a transition to innovative technologies is required. Their use in agricultural production makes it possible to significantly competitiveness of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation. To do this, the technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex, which provides for the renewal of its base with domestic agricultural machinery is required. In modern machines, a large number of electronic systems with various sensors are involved. They allow to control the operation of various units, including the internal combustion engine, transmission, work tools and other mechanisms. The use of such systems makes it possible to reduce the cost of maintenance and use of equipment, to monitor the modes of operation and technical condition of equipment around the clock, to conduct repair and maintenance activities as required. The current global trend is the use of remote machine diagnostics systems. They allow service centers and emergency support to diagnose a vehicle at a distance, reducing downtime. In recent years, there has been a trend towards digital solutions in machine maintenance. 3D technologies are promising for repair of agricultural machinery, including restoration and hardening of parts. They can be used to measure the geometric dimensions and determine the physical and mechanical properties of part faces of agricultural machines during the incoming inspection of spare parts and fault detection of parts, by scanning them. The introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the repair practice will reduce the duration of repair and maintenance actions during the technical service of agricultural machinery and significantly reduce the cost of their implementation.

scholarly journals SMALL BUSINESS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Shvets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Small Business Development ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Cost

The article is devoted to defining the peculiarities of the functioning of small business in Ukraine in the context of economic globalization. In particular, the main current economic globalization challenges for domestic small business and their impact on the development of its competitiveness are identified. Today, small business in Ukraine is an important element of the national economy. The functioning of small enterprises in modern economic conditions requires flexibility, mobilization of financial and production resources, the use of scientific and technological progress. Therefore, one of the main vectors of economic reform in Ukraine should be multilateral support for small business development. The development of small business is an important factor in building a socially oriented economy, improving living standards, promotes the process of integration of the domestic economy into the world economy. The article also identifies the factors that contribute to strengthening the position of small businesses in the economy. The directions of small business development in Ukraine are offered and the importance of small innovative business development is established. The following measures are proposed to support the development of small business: development of programs for preferential lending to small businesses with the involvement of state-owned banks and their state guarantee (the first steps have already begun to be taken in this direction); development and implementation of a mechanism to stimulate banking institutions to preferential lending to small enterprises operating in priority areas identified by the state; improving the process of small business taxation and simplifying the system of tax administration; creation of a bank that would specialize in microfinance of small business with a partial contribution from the state and international financial organizations; increasing the financial base of existing state funds to support small business; reducing the cost of administrative procedures and obtaining administrative services; creation of specialized state institutions for insurance of export-import operations.

CHANGING APPROACHES TO SUPPORTING CONSUMER COOPERATION: FROM ORGANIZATIONAL FORM TO THE PROCESS OF COOPERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
E.A. GATAULINA ◽  
◽  
M.P. ANTONOVA ◽  
A.A. POTAPOVA
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Consumer Cooperatives ◽  
Informal Cooperation

The development of traditional agricultural consumer cooperatives, created within the framework of Federal Law-193, in Russia is extremely slow. This is facilitated by a number of economic, institutional and psychological constraints. Accordingly, despite the rapid growth of production in peasant farms, and the still significant share of households in the gross agricultural output, for the most part they are not members of agricultural consumer cooperatives. However, cooperative interaction is especially important for small businesses. At the same time, in practice, there are numerous forms of cooperation between small agricultural producers that do not fit into the framework of traditional cooperatives. The identification and systematization of these emerging “bottom”forms, recommendations for their support is, therefore, an urgent task. This paper systematizes casestudy materials by types of informal cooperation outside the framework of consumer cooperatives, obtained during field research in 2019. Based on the analysis of measures of state support within the framework of federal and regional programs for the development of agriculture, individual measures have been identified that contribute to overcoming the small-scale production of small businesses. At the same time, the analysis showed the absence of measures to support the already existing non-traditional forms of cooperative interaction. Recommendations for supporting these forms are formulated.

Economically acceptable service life of mtz-80/82 tractors

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Petr A. Tabakov ◽  
Vasiliy P. Tabakov
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Total Operating Time ◽  
The Cost

Recently, the scientific and technical literature increasingly discusses the service life of agricultural machinery. Economically acceptable lifetimes of tractors and agricultural machines could exceed the amortization ones by 10-15 years. There is a correlation between the life of agricultural machinery and its annual output, which significantly affects the life and effectiveness of its use.(Research purpose). The research purpose is in studying the dependence of the annual running hours, the total cost of eliminating failures, and the cost of running time from the operating life in the range from 1 to 32 years. (Materials and methods) The study was conducted according to the reporting data of SCA "Malalla" and "Pervomaisk" of Batyrevsky district of the Chuvash Republic during 1998-2019. During the study, there were monitored 20 MTZ tractors for 20 years, and archived accounting data were also used. (Results and discussion) An analysis of the consumption of spare parts showed that the largest number of total spare parts falls on the interval of the service life of 17-19 years and operating time of 32-35 thousand of conventional hectares. The largest number of spare parts are spent on 14, 16 and 19 years of operation. For the first three years of operation, until the total operating time of 5850 conventional hectares, the total consumption of spare parts is of 15,410 rubles, which is 2.2 percent of the cost of a new tractor. (Conclusions) A study of the consumption of spare parts, tractor operating hours and the cost of operating hours by years of operation allows us to conclude that from 27 to 32 years of operation, with a total operating time of 46784 conventional hectares, despite the annual increase in the consumption of spare parts, its operating time begins to decrease, and the cost of an operating time unit increases sharply and reaches the operating time during the depreciation period and the total consumption of spare parts reaches the cost of a new tractor. Just at this time, it is necessary to stop the operation of the tractor. The results allow us to create recommendations to improve the efficiency of the operation and use of the machine and tractor fleet in agricultural organizations.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF INCREASING WEAR RESISTANCE AND DURABILITY OF DETAILS

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Olena Trukhanska
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Complex Mechanization ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost

Improving the reliability and service life of machines, components, units is an important factor in reducing the cost of restoration, downtime of equipment in repair, reducing the number of spare parts. The introduction of the latest technologies of agricultural production, as well as constant modern improvement, the complexity of agricultural machinery is a natural result of its development. Parts restoration technologies are among the most resource-saving, because compared to the manufacture of new parts costs are reduced by up to 70%. The main source of resource savings is the cost of materials. At longtime use of machines wear of details is followed by decrease in operational indicators, causes deterioration of quality of products. The tractor PTO shaft is subjected to significant static and dynamic loads. The high wear rate is due to constant friction with the grafting disc, gear, inner bearing rings. The production of a new power take-off shaft requires significant costs, so the development of new technological processes of repair and restoration is relevant. It is rational at restoration of the previous sizes and return of a detail of normal mechanical properties. The remanufactured part is consuming its life, like a new part, and may exceed the service life of the new part. With the increase in the equipment of agricultural production with more advanced equipment, the conduct of complex mechanization and increasing the efficiency of the use of equipment, repair production is developing and changing. The development of the field of restoration of worn parts is based on close cooperation of repair production with branch and basic science, and achievement of scientific and technical progress. A promising direction of restoration technology in the organizational plan is the deepening of the method of group restoration technology - the creation of a unified group equipment for the restoration of surfaces. It is established that the majority of details of the restored cars are rejected at the expense of insignificant wear of working surfaces, making no more than 1% of initial weight of details. Experiments and practice show that the repair of agricultural machinery is technically impossible to avoid. Most worn parts have a high residual value: their restoration consumes 20-30 times less metal and materials than the manufacture of new ones, which is economically feasible. Problems are considered: the choice of technological process of restoration, the choice of technological equipment, tools.

Small Industry, Gimmicks and Moscow Statistics, or How the Small Russian Enterprise Came into the World (Russian Physiological Sketch, 1830-1840)

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Yu. Golubitsky
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Xix Century

The article considers business practices of Moscow small industry in the XIX century, basing upon physiological sketches of N. Polevoy and I. Kokorev, statistical data and the classification of professions are also presented. The author claims that the heroes of the analyzed sketches are the forefathers of Moscow small businesses and shows what a deep similarity their occupations and a way of life bear to the present-day routine existence of small enterprises.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

High-tech business in crisis conditions: development trends of large, medium and small enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Spitsyn ◽  
Alexander A. Mikhal'chuk ◽  
Anastasia A. Bulykina ◽  
Svetlana N. Popova ◽  
Irina E. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Medium And Small Enterprises

Leading world countries view innovative development and high-tech business as an opportunity to overcome economic stagnation and decline in economic growth. One of the modern trends in the analysis of high-tech development is the study of high-tech knowledge-intensive service industries and their development in times of crisis. The purpose of the paper is to identify patterns of development of large, medium and small enterprises in high-tech service industries in Russia during periods of crisis. Economic and economic-mathematical methods of analysis are applied to the formed samples of enterprises. The research period is 2013-2017. The financial indicators of enterprises were adjusted for the level of accumulated inflation in relation to 2013. According to results, large and medium-sized enterprises showed insignificant or weak significant positive dynamics of revenue during all years of the crisis period. The crisis period did not lead to a decrease in the revenue of these groups of enterprises. The acute phase of the crisis (2014-2015) had a pronounced negative impact on the group of small enterprises in all studied industries, but they successfully recovered in 2016-2017 and reached the pre-crisis level of revenue. The total revenue by industries and groups of enterprises in 2017 became higher than in 2013, and its growth rates were significant for many groups of enterprises, which indicates a successful overcoming of the crisis period and signs of growth in high-tech service industries. Our study shows the need for state support for small businesses in high-tech service industries in crisis conditions, and identifies the possibilities of adaptation of enterprises in these industries to an unfavorable external environment. Our results may be useful for the purposes of government stimulation of economic development in the current environment.

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