scholarly journals Artemisia cina 30 CH homeopathic treatment against Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita ◽  
Maria Eugenia López-Arellano ◽  
Raquel López-Arellano ◽  
César Cuenca-Verde ◽  
Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar-Ordaz
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Sheep Production

The anthelmintic resistance problem is widely recognized in sheep production. Therefore, new methods of control against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) need to be integrated. The aim of this work was to assess the toxicity of A. cina 30 CH as a homeopathic product against Haemonchus contortus in in vitro and in vivo assays. A. cina 30 CH was obtained from a commercial laboratory, and confirmation of artemisinin as a key ingredient was performed with mass spectrophotometry. The A. cina 30 CH and the artemisinin pure reagent were used for the inhibition of egg hatching (IEH) and for the inhibition of larval migration of H. contortus L3 (ILM). In addition, three groups of 10 naturally infected lambs with GIN were treated with A. cina 30 CH and albendazole, and 10 were used as control. The parasitic infection was monitored at 0, 7, 14 and 28 d postreatment (PT) to determine the number of eggs per gram  (epg) and  FAMACHA index.  The in vitro data  showed 100 %  IEH and 64.7 % ILM by A. cina 30 CH, and nonlethal activity was observed with the artemisinin pure reagent. The toxicity of A. cina 30 CH against H. contortus in infected lambs was observed after 7 d of infection. Administration of the A. cina 30 CH yielded a 69 % reduction in the epg at 28 d PT, similar to the albendazole (P<0.05). In conclusion, A. cina 30 CH had the ability to IEH and ILM of H. contortus in in vitro assays and reduced the number of eggs of H. contortus, which is the primary parasitic nematode in grazing lambs, thereby reducing infection.

In vitro activity of essential oils of free and nanostructured Melaleuca alternifolia and of terpinen-4-ol on eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Grando ◽  
M.F. de Sá ◽  
M.D. Baldissera ◽  
C.B. Oliveira ◽  
M.E. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Promising Line ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Production Losses

AbstractHaemonchus contortus is one of the major gastrointestinal nematodes responsible for significant economic and production losses of sheep. Diseases caused by this species lack effective anthelmintic products, and the search for new compounds to replace synthetic anthelmintics has been extensive. The present investigation assesses the in vitro activity of the essential oil of melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia), both free (TTO) and nanostructured (nanoTTO), and terpinen-4-ol (terp-4-ol) on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. Tests of egg hatching (EHT) and inhibition of larval migration (LMIT) were used to assess the in vitro efficacy of TTO, nanoTTO and terp-4-ol. Using EHT, at a concentration of 3.5 mg/ml, 100% inhibition occurred using TTO and terp-4-ol, with LC50 values of 0.43 and 0.63 mg/ml, and LC90 values of 1.75 mg/ml and 3.12 mg/ml, respectively. NanoTTO had lower activity, with 82.6% inhibition at the same concentration. Using LMIT, TTO and nanoTTO had a similar activity with 88.0% and 84.8% inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 56 mg/ml. Terp-4-ol had a greater effect on larvae, with 85.7% inhibition at a concentration of 56 mg/ml and 82.4% at 3.5 mg/ml, demonstrating high activity at the lowest concentration tested. Therefore, the results indicate that all substances tested showed ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus. TTO, terp-4-ol and, mainly, nanoTTO may be targeted in in vivo studies, besides being a promising line of research into the control and treatment of veterinary important helminths.

Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzaid Muhamad ◽  
Syahirah Sazeli ◽  
Resni Mona ◽  
Jannathul Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of extracts from Artemisia parviflora and A. sieversiana

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Irum ◽  
H. Ahmed ◽  
B. Mirza ◽  
K. Donskow-Łysoniewska ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae

SummaryIn the northern areas of Pakistan, the use of Artemisia based therapeutics is a common practice. Plants of genus Artemisia are known to possess anthelmintic and therapeutic effect. Infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are major threat to livestock industry across the world resulting in loss of production and indirect economic losses due to high cost of anthelmintic drugs. Present study was carried out to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effect of Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia parviflora on Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Methanolic plant extract was tested against three different developmental stages using an egg hatch assay, infective larvae and adult worm motility assay. Different concentrations were used for the bioassays and post exposure mortality was recorded after 8 hr for adult worms and infective larvae, while egg inhibition percentage was observed after 27 hr. A highly significant ability to inhibit the egg hatching (100 %) was recorded for both plant extracts while, the highest activity for adult worm assay and larvicidal assay was 90 % for A. sieversiana. The highest activity for adult motility and larvicidal assay for A. parviflora was 89 % and 86.6 % respectively. For in vivo trials maximum parentage reduction was 77.0 % for A. sieversiana and 73.6 % for A. parviflora. It is concluded that selected plant extracts were effective in reducing worm burden in animals.

scholarly journals Comparison of two in vitro methods for the detection of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Urda Dolinská ◽  
A. Königová ◽  
M. Babják ◽  
M. Várady
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

SummaryGastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in sheep cause severe economic losses. Anthelmintics are the most commonly used drugs for prophylaxis and therapy against parasitic helminths. The problem of drug resistance has developed for all commercially available anthelmintics in several genera and classes of helminths. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to detect anthelmintic resistance. Two in vitro methods (larval migration inhibition test and micromotility test) for the detection of ivermectin (IVM) resistance were compared using IVM-resistant and IVM-susceptible isolates of Haemonchus contortus. The degree of resistance for each test was expressed as a resistance factor (RF). The micromotility test was more sensitive for quantitatively measuring the degree of resistance between susceptible and resistant isolates. The RFs for this test for IVM and eprinomectin ranged from 1.00 to 108.05 and from 3.87 to 32.32, respectively.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
Kaline das Chagas Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Egg Hatching

Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽  
Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

scholarly journals Worm-control practices and prevalence of anthelmintic resistance using in vivo FECRTs on smallholder sheep farms in Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kupčinskas ◽  
I. Stadalienė ◽  
A. Šalomskas ◽  
P. Trusevičius ◽  
M. Varady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Worm Control

SummaryThis study determined the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in parasitic nematodes on smallholder sheep farms in Lithuania from April to November 2014. Faecal samples were collected from two groups of 10-15 sheep treated with fenbendazole (FBZ) or ivermectin (IVM) on 18 sheep farms. Two samples were collected from each group: on day zero (T1) and 10-14 days after treatment. Faecal egg counts (eggs per gramme, EPG) were determined using a modified McMaster technique. Animals with < 140 EPG on day zero were removed from the analysis. The prevalence of AR was estimated using the in vivo faecal egg count reduction test. AR to FBZ was detected on three of 15 farms where FBZ was used (20 %) and was suspected on one farm (6.7 %). AR to IVM was detected on two of 16 farms where IVM was used (12.5 %). The main species of resistant gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) identified after treatment were Teladorsagia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. A questionnaire surveying 71 sheep farmers estimated that 71.8 % of sheep farmers used anthelmintics against GINs. IVM was the most frequently (68.6 %) applied anthelmintic, and 62.7 % of the respondents reported treating their animals twice a year. This study confirmed the presence of AR to GIN infections on sheep farms in Lithuania. Future studies should assess the prevalence of AR to GIN infection using in vitro methods.

scholarly journals In Vivo Trial of Combretum molle Stem Bark Crude Extract as Anthelminthic in Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
M.K Simon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Combretum Molle ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Sheep Production

Gastrointestinal nematodes remain a major constrain to productivity of livestock including sheep. Ethno veterinary practices using a wide variety of indigenous plants have been employed for the effective control of these parasites. However, little is known in the application Combretum molle bark in the treatment of Haemonchosis. This study was therefore conducted to determine anthelminthic efficacy of crude extract of Combretum molle against experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep in vivo. Eighteen (18) helminth free lambs were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) of six animals each and were artificially infected with 10,000 larvae of Haemonchus contortus. The lambs were treated orally 7 days post infection. Here, Group A was treated with crude extract of C. molle at 200 mg /kg, B with Albendazole at 200 mg /kg and C with water at 5 ml/kg. Anthelminthic activity was assessed by comparing the number of eggs recovered from the treated lambs. Results revealed that the mean fecal eggs output per gram for groups A, B and C after treatments were 716.67, 96.67 and 12080 respectively. The depolarization produced by C. molle was significant (p> 0.05). The results of this study supported the ancient uses of some of the tested plants in the treatment of intestinal helminthoses. Hence, the active crude of C. molle could be a potential source of anthelminthic agent against H. contortus of sheep. Further pharmacological and toxicological studies are required to establish their use in the sheep production industry..

Measuring the effect of avermectins and milbemycins on somatic muscle contraction of adult Haemonchus contortus and on motility of Ostertagia circumcincta in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 948-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANINA DEMELER ◽  
GEORG VON SAMSON-HIMMELSTJERNA ◽  
NICHOLAS C. SANGSTER
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Drug Potency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sites Of Action

SUMMARYThe mechanism of anthelmintic resistance against the widely used macrocyclic lactones (MLs) is still not fully understood. Pharyngeal, somatic body muscles and the ovijector have been proposed as putative sites of action as well as resistance. In the present study the effects of three avermectins and three milbemycins on adult parasitic nematodes were evaluated in vitro. The Muscle Transducer system was used to investigate the effects of MLs on muscle contraction in female Haemonchus contortus and effects on motility were measured in Ostertagia (Teladorsagia) circumcincta using the Micromotility Meter. Concentration-response curves for all substances in both systems shifted to the right in the resistant isolates. Resistance was present to ivermectin (IVM) and its components IVM B1a and IVM B1b, suggesting that both components are involved in the mode of action and resistance. No consistent patterns of potency and resistance of the substances were observed except that milbemycins generally showed lower resistance ratios (RRs) than IVM. IVM and IVM B1b were the most potent inhibitors of contraction and motility in both susceptible isolates and also showed the highest RR in both species. Low RRs for milbemycins recorded in vitro for highly resistant isolates in vivo suggest that other factors such as pharmacokinetics influence drug potency in vivo.

scholarly journals Ovicidal activity of succinic acid isolated from sisal waste (Agave sisalana) against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Silva de Souza Santos ◽  
Jener David Gonçalves Santos ◽  
Francianne Oliveira Santos ◽  
Taiane Menezes Serra ◽  
Hélimar Gonçalves de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agave Sisalana

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the succinic acid (SA) isolated from sisal waste against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats, using the egg hatching and larvae motility assays. In addition, potential cytotoxicity of SA on Vero cell cultures was investigated by means of MTT (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl, 2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. The SA induced a significant inhibition of egg hatching (P<0.05) at all concentrations tested (60 to 250µg mL-1), and the concentrations to inhibit 50% (EC50) and 90% (EC90) values (mean ± standard deviation) were 90.3±2.8 and 130.6±3.5µg mL-1, respectively. The SA has not shown larvicidal activity. The SA was less toxic to the Vero cells, with the mean percentage of cell viability equal to 85±6.2% at the concentration of 130µg mL-1. The results suggested that SA has potential anthelmintic effect; although, more research is needed to confirm its activity in vivo.

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