scholarly journals The features of changes in adrenal hormones content in mariners during a voyage to different climatic and geographical areas

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
R. V. Kubasov ◽  
V. V. Lupachev ◽  
I. M. Boyko ◽  
A. I. Khokhrina ◽  
E. D. Kubasova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hormonal Levels

The hard-working conditions of mariners require a high degree of adaptation of the regulatory systems of the organism. In ensuring adaptation, one of the leading ones is the endocrine system (especially the pituitary-adrenal axis.The aim of the study is to investigate changes in hormonal parameters in mariners during a voyage to various climatic and geographical regions.Materials and methods: Russian seamen were examined during the dynamics of the voyage to various climatogeographic regions. They have determined the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol four times (before the voyage, at the beginning, in the middle and at the end).The results of the study and their discussion: at the beginning of the voyage, the level of ACTH and cortisol were increased; by the middle of the voyage, ACTH decreased but cortisol remained at the same values; by the end of the voyage, the levels of both hormones decreased and reached values much lower than before the voyage. Considering the dynamics of hormonal levels, the normal course of the general adaptation process occurs in the first half of the voyage. A significant decrease in ACTH and cortisol levels in the second half of the voyage may be a sign of breakdown of adaptive capacity.

The influence of harmful physical factors and industrial dust on changes in some biochemical and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system in workers engaged in underground mining of ore

2019 ◽  
pp. 920-925
Author(s):  
M. A. Zemlyanova ◽  
Yu. V. Koldibekova ◽  
V. M. Ukhabov
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Industrial Dust ◽  
High Degree

Introduction. The health of workers is determined by both social and individual, as well as production factors, including noise, vibration and dust, characteristic of technological processes in mining enterprises. Industrial noise above 90 dBA and dust in the form of suspended and fine particles causes dysfunction of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs.The aim of the study is to assess the impact of harmful physical factors and industrial dust on changes in some biochemical and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system of employees of the enterprise for underground mining of ore.Materials and methods. The assessment of working conditions of workers engaged in underground mining and processing of chrome ores, the analysis of industrial dust on the dimension and quantitative content of fine particles PM10 and PM2. 5, the study of biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, oxidant and antioxidant systems, indicators of respiratory function. Results. Harmful working conditions (class 3.1–3.4) in terms of noise and vibration were revealed at the workplaces of employees of the main specialties observation group. In the air of the working zone, the highest content of fine particles PM2.5 (2.68±0.54 mg/m3) and PM10 (4.64±0.93 mg/m3) was established at the site of drilling operations and cleaning of the bottom-hole space. Deviations of biochemical parameters characterizing intensification of free radical processes and antioxidant protection, imbalance of lipid spectrum parameters, and violation of functional parameters of external respiration were revealed. A high degree of connection with the working conditions of the frequency of increased levels of lipid hydroperoxide and antioxidant activity (EF=60.71–65.84%) was established.Conclusions. In high noise level (more than 94 dBA), general and local vibration (more than 116 and 127 dB respectively) and the content of fine particles PM2. 5 (more of 2.14 mg/m3) and PM10 (over of 3.71 mg/m3) at underground mining of chrome ore workers have identified abnormalities in the form of increase 1.6 times the level of lipid hydroperoxides and total antioxidant activity, reducing to 1.2 times the level of high density lipoprotein, improving 1.2–1.3 times of low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and atherogenic index in blood serum, peak expiratory flow. A high degree of professional conditioning have the frequency of increasing the level of lipid hydroperoxide in blood serum and antioxidant activity of blood plasma.

scholarly journals Nationwide Temporal and Geographical Distribution of Tick Populations and Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Korea, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
Byung-Eon Noh ◽  
Hak Seon Lee ◽  
Tae-Kyu Kim ◽  
Bong-Goo Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Amblyomma Testudinarium ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Severe Fever ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate

Since 2010, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has established centers at 16 locations to monitor disease vectors and pathogens. Here, we examined tick populations to understand the geographical and temporal distribution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) vectors in 2020. From April to November, 63,376 ticks were collected from traps to monitor tick populations, with a trap index of 41.3. Tick incidence varied from April to October, with population peaks observed for nymphs in May, adults in July, and larvae in September. The predominant tick species were Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis spp., H. flava, Ixodes spp., Amblyomma testudinarium, and Ixodes nipponensis. Approximately 50% of the collected ticks were pooled into 2973 groups to detect the rate of SFTSV infection in ticks. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of SFTSV was 0.2%, and Andong had the highest MIR for SFTSV (4.0%). The B3 genotype was the most prevalent (52.2%) followed by B2 (28.6%), B5 (15.9%), B4 (1.6%), and B6 (1.6%). We identified widely distributed tick species and a high degree of diversity in SFTSV strains in ticks from different geographical regions. The results may provide a basis for future epidemiological studies and risk assessments for tick-borne diseases.

Chronic intracerebroventricular CRF infusion attenuates ACTH-corticosterone release

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. E213-E217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cunningham ◽  
P. A. Meara ◽  
R. Y. Lee ◽  
H. H. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Receptor Desensitization ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Acute Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Corticosterone Release ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Bolus intracerebroventricular delivery of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) elicits acute responses of both the pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. We examined whether these stresslike responses could be maintained over a period of days by central delivery of CRF in nonstressed rats, as would be predicted if this peptide participates in the central nervous system regulation of chronic stress. CRF (4.3 or 21.5 micrograms/day) was continuously delivered into the cerebral ventricle via Alzet minipumps. In contrast to saline-infused controls, rats receiving CRF exhibited elevated excretions of corticosterone, norepinephrine, and urea nitrogen for several days. Thereafter, an attenuation of CRF responsiveness occurred when corticosterone excretion returned to basal levels despite continued central CRF infusion. However, CRF delivered intravenously during attenuation stimulated adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone secretion, implicating a hypothalamic rather than pituitary locus for central CRF resistance. The present data do not permit a conclusion on whether the attenuation of the CRF response with time is the result of an ultrashort-loop negative-feedback mechanism or CRF receptor desensitization.

Molecular analyses of conjugative, gentamicin-resistance plasmids from staphylococcal clinical isolates

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Zorbas ◽  
Robert T. Hall ◽  
Sue L. Hall ◽  
William G. Barnes ◽  
Marvin Rogolsky
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Conjugative Plasmids ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Ecori Restriction ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Endonuclease Digestion

Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains which were isolated from infants with staphylococcal bacteremia were analyzed for the presence of self-transmissible gentamicin-resistance (Gmr) plasmids. Conjugative GMr plasmids of approximately 43.8–63 kilobases (kb) were found in all S. aureus strains. Inter- and intra-species transfer of Gmr plasmids by conjugation was observed from S. aureus to S. aureus and to S. epidermidis recipient strains. However, neither inter- nor intra-species transfer of gentamicin resistance by conjugation was observed with nine out of nine S. epidermidis donor strains which were mated with either S. epidermidis or S. aureus recipient strains. These conjugative Gmr plasmids were unable to comobilize a smaller (15-kb) plasmid present in all but two S. aureus clinical isolates. Many of the conjugative Gmr plasmids also carried genetic determinants for kanamycin, tobramycin, neomycin, and ethidium bromide resistance, and for β-lactamase synthesis. EcoRI restriction endonuclease digests of the S. aureus Gmr conjugative plasmids revealed three different digestion patterns. Four EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion fragments of 15, 11.4, 6.3, and 4.6 kb in size were common to all plasmids. These plasmids and conjugative Gmr staphylococcal plasmids from other geographical regions shared restriction digestion fragments of similar molecular weights. DNA hybridization with biotinylated S. aureus plasmid pIZ7814 DNA revealed a high degree of homology among these plasmids. A 50.9-kb plasmid from one of the nonconjugative S. epidermidis clinical isolates showed homology with the probe DNA but lacked a portion of a 6.3-kb fragment which was present in all conjugative plasmids and believed to carry much genetic information for conjugation.

scholarly journals Effect of different types of stress on adrenal gland parameters and adrenal hormones in the blood serum of male Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adzic ◽  
Ana Djordjevic ◽  
Jelena Djordjevic ◽  
Ana Niciforovic ◽  
Marija Radojcic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In the present study, we examined gross changes in the mass of whole adrenal glands and that of the adrenal cortex and medulla in mature male Wistar rats subjected to three different stress types: acute, chronic, and combined, i.e., chronic followed by acute stress. These parameters were correlated with adrenal activity as judged from serum levels of corticosterone and catecholamine, respectively, as well as with serum levels of ACTH and glucose. Under all three conditions, we observed bilaterally asymmetric and stress-type-independent hypertrophy of whole adrenals, as well as adrenal cortices and medullas. Under acute and combined stress, adrenal hypertrophy was followed by increase of adrenal hormones in the blood serum. However, under chronic stress, both cortical and medullar activities as judged from low or unaltered levels of the respective hormones and glucose were compromised and disconnected from the input signal of ACTH. Since all of the studied adrenal activities could be restored by subsequent acute stress, it is concluded that chronic isolation can be viewed as partly maladaptive stress with characteristics resembling stress resistance rather than the stress exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

scholarly journals Features of metabolic disorders in chromium mine workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102
Author(s):  
Nina V. Zaitseva ◽  
Vitalii G. Kostarev ◽  
Konstantin P. Luzhetskiy ◽  
Alexander E. Nosov ◽  
Olga Yu. Ustinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Noise Vibration ◽  
Metabolic Indices

Introduction. Working conditions, clinical and laboratory status of 236 workers of a chromium mine were investigated. Materials and methods. The observation group included 162 underground employees working in conditions of the combined impact of negative occupational factors (dust, noise, vibration, tension and severity there, cooling microclimate) - class 3.3-3.4. The comparison group included 74 mine employees working in acceptable working conditions - class 2. Results. In the observation group, the pathology of the cardiovascular and endocrine system (ICD-10: I00-I99, E00-E07) was detected 2.8-3.3 times more often (p = 0.001-0.02), the relative risk of disease formation was 2.7-3.2 times higher than in the comparison group (RR = 2.7-3.2; DI = 1.44-9.2; p = 0.001-0.02). Under the conditions of the combined effect of negative production factors, as features of metabolic disorders, it was noted that the most unfavourable - abdominal form of obesity was diagnosed 1.4 times more often (42.0%, p = 0.013), the atherogenic index was 1.2 times higher, and the level HDL is 1.2 times lower than in the comparison group (p = 0.017-0.047); “Metabolic indices” - lipid accumulation coefficient (LAP) and visceral obesity index (VAI) were 1.2-1.4 times higher than the values in the comparison group (p = 0.001-0.048). Conclusions. To implement a complex of medical and preventive measures aimed at increasing life expectancy and working longevity, early prevention of CVD, including among those working in the extraction of chrome ore, it is advisable to consider the introduction of the calculation of early markers of metabolic disorders - VAI and LAP indices in the medical examination programs.

Cushing Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynnette Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Cushing syndrome is a condition with protean manifestations that are caused by chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids. Treatment with supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids is the most common cause. Pathologic hypercortisolism may result from autonomous adrenal production or as a result of the action of excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production by a tumor, which stimulates adrenal cortisol production. Primary adrenal forms include unilateral adenoma or carcinoma or, rarely, bilateral hyperplasia and/or nodules. This chapter covers the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. Clinical manifestations, physical examination findings, and laboratory tests, including tests of the blood and other body fluids, imaging studies, and biopsy, are discussed. The differential diagnosis, treatment options, complications, and prognosis are described. Tables outline clinical features and causes of Cushing syndrome, abnormalities associated with primary adrenal causes of Cushing syndrome, diagnostic accuracy of screening tests, endogenous hypercortisolism without Cushing syndrome, and medical therapy for Cushing syndrome. Figures illustrate the causes of Cushing syndrome and a comparison of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome and those with pseudo–Cushing syndrome. Algorithms show the evaluation of possible Cushing syndrome and evaluation of the causes of Cushing syndrome. Second-line treatments for Cushing syndrome when surgery fails or is not possible are also detailed. This chapter contains 5 figures, 7 tables, 50 references.

Hypertension: Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Physiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
BA Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Central Actions ◽  
Prolonged Stress ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Blood pressure regulation may be mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor and/or by adrenocorticotropic hormone, by adrenocortical steroids, or by adrenomedullary catecholamines. The interaction between these factors is complex. Catecholamines and central actions of the neuropeptides may be involved in rapid hemodynamic responses to "stress". In contrast, adrenocortical steroids are probably more important in longer-term adaptations of the circulation to prolonged stress.

Three Edged Drill vs. Double - Edged Drill in Aluminium Parts Drilling

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 382-387
Author(s):  
Eugen Pămîntaş ◽  
Cristian Gheorghe Turc ◽  
Felicia Veronica Banciu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
High Degree

This paper proposes an answer to a question like "it is better to use something new or use what we already know is a relatively recent technique novelty, which is found in tools manufacturer’s catalogues but still very rarely used, almost unknown in current industrial practice: spiral drill with three cutting edges. To give an endorsed answer, it starts machining a concrete case of a part of aluminium and research, based on a minimal experimental program, the processing with new drilling tool compared with the known helical drill. Answer the question initially is not simple, nor one given in few words and none with the high degree of generality, but one nuanced, depending on the performance indicators considered to be of interest and closeness of experimental working conditions than those found in current industrial environment. Helpful for the formulation and presenting the response is the processing of experimental data in the form of calculations, graphs and summary of the rejection’s causes. In this way, the concluding elements stand out more obvious and a number of partial answers can be formulated and justified recommendations can be done regarding: which of drills, where and in which conditions provides the best quality of machined hole, the best chip fragmentation and with the best ratio: price / quality / operation.

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