scholarly journals Le flair animal: Levinas and the Possibility of Animal Friendship

PhaenEx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA GUENTHER

In Otherwise than Being, Levinas writes that the alterity of the Other escapes “le flair animal,” or the animal’s sense of smell. This paper puts pressure on the strong human-animal distinction that Levinas makes by considering the possibility that, while non-human animals may not respond to the alterity of the Other in the way that Levinas describes as responsibility, animal sensibility plays a key role in a relation to Others that Levinas does not discuss at length: friendship. This approach to friendship addresses a gap in Levinas’ work between the absolute Other for whom I am responsible and the “brother” who is my political equal.

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Nerijus Čepulis

Metafizikos terminas yra priskiriamas Aristoteliui, nors pačiuose jo tekstuose nepasirodo. Istoriškai jis buvo pradėtas vartoti grupuojant Aristotelio veikalus. Graikiškai t„ met„ t„ fusik@ ir reikštų tai, kas eina po fizikos. Metafizikos autorius teorinę filosofiją suskirsto į tris šakas: matematiką, fiziką ir teologiją. Teoriniai mokslai yra iškilesni už visus kitus mokslus, tuo tarpu paskutinioji iš teorinių yra iškilesnė už pirmąsias dvi. Jei nebūtų jokios esmės, kuri viršytų gamtą, tada fizikai tektų pirmoji vieta tarp mokslų. Jei tačiau egzistuoja kokia nors nekintama esmė, tai mokslas apie ją, be abejo, iškils virš visų kitų ir bus vadinamas pirmąja filosofija (filosof%a pr_th). Būtent šis mokslas turi žiūrėti į būtybę kaip tokią, graikiškai tariant, kaθ ’aÑtÊ.Anot Levino, metafizinis mąstymas siekia mąstyti būtybę kaip radikaliai atskirtą, pavienę ir vienintelę (kaθ ’aÑtÊ), o tam reikalingas ypatingas dėmesys absoliučiam išoriškumui ir nesutotalinamam Kitkam. Metafizinis judesys yra transcendentinis, nes kaip gėrio ir dosnumo geismas neįveikia ir nesiekia įveikti pirmapradės distancijos iki Kitko. Metafizinis santykis su Kitkuo Levinui yra socialinio pobūdžio. Absoliučiai Kitkas visų pirma yra Kitas – kitas žmogus, su kuriuo manęs nesieja nei pasisavinimo, nei sąvokos, nei apskritai kokio nors bendro lygmens sąsaja. Tarp mūsų plyti neužlyginamas atstumas, skiriantis Tą Patį ir Kitką. Galimybė ar būdas susisiekti per šį atstumą, nepanaikinant ir neįveikiant jo, yra kalba (le langage). To Paties santykyje su absoliučiai Kitkuo anapus totalybės Levinas aptinka religijos esmę. Čia religija sutampa ar bent jau glaudžiai siejasi su metafizika. Iš to plauktų, kad religija gali užimti pirmosios filosofijos vietą, nepamirštant, kad tiek metafizikos, tiek religijos esmę sudaro pamatinis socialumas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Levinas, pirmoji filosofija, religija, metafizika, Kitas.RELIGIOUS AS A FIRST PHILOSOPHY ACCORDERING TO LEVINASNerijus ČepulisSummary The term metaphysics is ascribed to Aristotle, although it does not appear in his own texts. Historically it was introduced while sorting Aristotle’s works. In Greek t„ met„ t„ fusik@ means that which follows after physics. The author of the Metaphysics groups theoretical philosophy into three branches: mathematics, physics and theology. Theoretical sciences are more elevated than the other sciences, while the last one of the three is more elevated than the other two. If there were no substance that would superseed the nature, then physics would be the first among the sciences. If, however, there is sume unchanging substance, then the science of it undoubtedly will rise above all the other and will be called the first philosophy (filosof%a pr_th). Precisely this science has to look at the being as such,kaθ ’aÑtÊ in Greek.According to Levinas, the metaphtysical thinking seeks to think the being as radically separated, solitary and single (kaθ ’aÑtÊ), and this requires a special attention to the absolute exteriority and the other that refuses to be totalized. The metaphysical movement is transcendental, because as a desire for the goodness and generosity does not overcome and does not seek to overcome the primordial distance from the other. The metaphysical relation to the other for Levinas is a social one. The absolutely other first of all is the Other – the other person that is not bound with me neither by appropriation, nor by term, nor by any general level. Between us there is a distance separating the same and the other that is not to be covered. The possibility or the way to relate in this distance without abolishing or overcoming it is language. In the relation of the same to the absolutely other beyond the totality Levinas finds the essence of religion. Here religion coincides or at least closely relates to metaphysics. From this follows that religion can take the place of the first philosophy, without forgetting that the essence of both metaphysics and religion is the fundamental sociability.Keywords: Levinas, first philosophy, religion, metaphysics, the other.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Sonja Žakula

The paper offers a semiotic analysis of the narrative of Gabi the dog and the jaguar in the form in which the story appears on the website of the Belgrade zoo. I believe that it is valid to assume that an analysis of this narrative can provide a window into the ways in which meanings of concepts such as ‘wildness’, ‘domesticity’, ‘freedom’, ‘captivity’ and ultimately, ‘nature’ and ‘culture’ are articulated within the context of this institution. On the one hand, I will base the paper on ideas articulated in the field of human-animal relations, and on the other on the methodological postulates of semiotic analysis introduced by Algirdas Julien Greimas and further developed by Dragana Antonijević. The aim of the paper is to, by applying semiotic analysis to the way in which an unusual event at the zoo was narrativized, uncover the deeper structure of thought which underlies the story and reflects and shapes not just the discourse of the Belgrade zoo, but the implicit understanding of the role and function of zoos in Serbia up until the present day.


1914 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Brydone

I Claim to have now shown that the zone of O. pilula as established in 1912 for Hants and the Salisbury area holds good in its broad features also for Sussex, the Isle of Wight, and Dorset, and that it is almost equally constant in some of its minor features, especially the way in which it ends in a bed 2 ft. 6 in. to 3 feet thick with a flint seam in the middle of it and enclosed by two marl seams. I am only prevented by a single section in Hants from setting this up as the universal rule in all sections I have seen. In The Stratigraphy I assigned pits Nos. 1065, 1066, and 1067, the last of which will be more readily recognized as Mottisfont Whiting Pit, to the zone of A. quadratus, because on examining them for the purposes of that work for the first time since 1892 I had failed to find evidence of more than a seam of O. pilula without any others of the associated fossils of the zone. At the time of that examination all the pits were in a most unfavourable condition. Since then I have been keeping regular watch on the Whiting Pit (No. 1067), and I soon found that the subzone of abundantO. pilula must be represented at its base, and then that the upper belt of O. pilula in that subzone must be exposed: but it was only this spring that I was able to fix the absolute position of the boundary between the zones of O. pilula and A. quadratus in the Whiting Pit, and at the same time, owing to developments in the other two pits, to identify the cinctus belt in the old face and the lower belt of O. pilula in the new workings (and probably also at the lowest point of the old face) of Pit No. 1066, and the lower belt of O. pilula at the base of Pit No. 1065.


KÜLÖNBSÉG ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Tánczos

The paper surveys the extent of the connection between German idealism and Preromanticism on the one hand, and Medieval mysticism on the other.  For the Romantic model of identity and subjectivity in Novalis and Schlegel, Fichte’s idealist position remains a starting point, as changes of terminology and approach have changed the way the Self was articulated very considerably. This shift in meaning is the beginning of Romanticism, but despite its significance, the change has its precursors. The desire towards the absolute, the shifting value of religious experience, positing identity without objectification are all positions that can already be found in Medieval thinkers like Eckhardt and Böhme. In some cases, one can even locate a direct connection. The paper focuses on how the connection between Medieval philosophers’ paradox ideas on non-being and emptiness relate to theories of the self in preromantic authors.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi

In several late texts, Derrida meditated on Paul Celan's poem ‘Grosse, Glühende Wölbung’, in which the departure of the world is announced. Delving into the ‘origin’ and ‘history’ of the ‘conception’ of the world, this paper suggests that, for Derrida, the end of the world is determined by and from death—the death of the other. The death of the other marks, each and every time, the absolute end of the world.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Dwi Amalia Zati ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Lince Sihombing

The objectives of the research were to describe the types of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera, to derive the dominant type of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera and to elaborate the way of five governor candidates of North Sumatera use speech acts in televised political debates. This research was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research. The findings show that there were only four types of speech acts used in televised political debates, Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara, they were assertives, directives, commissives and expressives. The dominant type of speech acts used in both televised political debates was assertives, with 82 utterances or 51.6% in Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and 36 utterances or 41.37% in Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara. The way of governor candidates of North Sumatera used speech acts in televised political debates is in direct speech acts, they spoke straight to the point and clearly in order to make the other candidates and audiences understand their utterances.   Keywords: Governor Candidate; Political Debate; Speech Acts


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Kazım Yıldırım

The cultural environment of Ibn al-Arabi is in Andalusia, Spain today. There, on the one hand, Sufism, on the other hand, thinks like Ibn Bacce (Death.1138), Ibn Tufeyl (Death186), Ibn Rushd (Death.1198) and the knowledge and philosophy inherited by scholars, . Ibn al-Arabi (1165-1240), that was the effect of all this; But more mystic (mystic) circles came out of the way. This work, written by Ibn al-Arabi's works (especially Futuhati Mekkiye), also contains a very small number of other relevant sources.


2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-143
Author(s):  
Bernadette Collenberg-Plotnikov

›Ikonen‹ sind heute nicht mehr nur die Ikonen der christlichen Kirche, sondern vor allem die Ikonen der modernen Massenkultur. Beide Arten von Ikonen werden in der neueren Kunstreflexion aufgegriffen: Kunst gilt entweder, verstanden als Erbin der religiösen Ikone, als Phänomen, das Absolutes in singulärer Weise anschaulich er- fahrbar macht. Oder aber die Kunst gilt umgekehrt lediglich als Klasse in der Welt der säkularen Ikonen. Demgegenüber wird im Beitrag erstens die These vertretenwerden, daß die neuere Kunst sowohl Aspekte transzendenter als auch immanenter Ikonen umfaßt. Zugleich ist es aber, so die zweite These, für unser Kunstverständnis charakteristisch, ein theoretisches Kontrastverhältnis zwischen Kunst und Ikone an- zunehmen. Dieses gründet auf einer spezifischen Reflexivität der Kunst, durch die sie sich von der Ikone beiderlei Art kategorial unterscheidet. Today, the word ›icon‹ usually no longer refers to the icons of the Christian church, but to the icons of the modern mass-culture. Both sorts of icons play a key-role in the recent discussion about art: Either art is supposed to be a descendant of the religious icon, a phenomenon that gives us a singular visual experience of the Absolute. On the other hand, art is supposed to be just one class among others in the wide world of the secular icons. In contrast to these two positions this essay contends that modern art comprehends aspects of transcendent as well as of immanent icons. Furthermore, it argues that at the same time it is characteristic for our notion of art to suppose a contrast between art and icon. This contrast is based on a specific reflectivity of art, which marks a categorical difference between art and both sorts of icons.


Author(s):  
James Gow
Keyword(s):  

This chapter considers Freedman’s contribution to scholarship and the nascent elements of a school of thought relevant to both academic and policy realms, as well as introducing a more skeptical and critical approach to the subject’s scholarship. It considers Freedman’s engagement with the policy world and why this has managed to be both extensive and successful, as well as its outcomes. It also introduces discussion of possible challenges to Freedman’s work, presenting a balancing perspective to positive appreciations of his oeuvre. The chapter concludes by indicating the weaknesses of such challenges and reaffirms the sense of a school of thought informed by a distinctive approach. This is the blend of scripturalism and constructivism, on one side, with realism, on the other, that is the hallmark of the nascent school, and the way in which it is germane in both academic and policy domains.


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