scholarly journals Gate Set Tomography

Quantum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Nielsen ◽  
John King Gamble ◽  
Kenneth Rudinger ◽  
Travis Scholten ◽  
Kevin Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Calibration Free ◽  
Error Bars ◽  
Logic Operations ◽  
Very High

Gate set tomography (GST) is a protocol for detailed, predictive characterization of logic operations (gates) on quantum computing processors. Early versions of GST emerged around 2012-13, and since then it has been refined, demonstrated, and used in a large number of experiments. This paper presents the foundations of GST in comprehensive detail. The most important feature of GST, compared to older state and process tomography protocols, is that it is calibration-free. GST does not rely on pre-calibrated state preparations and measurements. Instead, it characterizes all the operations in a gate set simultaneously and self-consistently, relative to each other. Long sequence GST can estimate gates with very high precision and efficiency, achieving Heisenberg scaling in regimes of practical interest. In this paper, we cover GST's intellectual history, the techniques and experiments used to achieve its intended purpose, data analysis, gauge freedom and fixing, error bars, and the interpretation of gauge-fixed estimates of gate sets. Our focus is fundamental mathematical aspects of GST, rather than implementation details, but we touch on some of the foundational algorithmic tricks used in the pyGSTi implementation.

Ionized gas kinematics and luminosity profiles of Low-z Lyman Alpha Blobs

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S359) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
María P. Agüero ◽  
Rubén Díaz ◽  
Mischa Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Lyman Alpha ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractThis work is focused on the characterization of the Seyfert-2 galaxies hosting very large, ultra-luminous narrow-line regions (NLRs) at redshifts z = 0.2−0.34. With a space density of 4.4 Gcp−3 at z ∼ 0.3, these “Low Redshift Lyman-α Blob” (LAB) host galaxies are amongst the rarest objects in the universe, and represent an exceptional and short-lived phenomenon in the life cycle of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We present the study of GMOS spectra for 13 LAB galaxies covering the rest frame spectral range 3700–6700 Å. Predominantly, the [OIII]λ5007 emission line radial distribution is as widespread as that of the continuum one. The emission line profiles exhibit FWHM between 300–700 Km s−1. In 7 of 13 cases a broad kinematical component is detected with FWHM within the range 600–1100 Km s−1. The exceptionally high [OIII]λ5007 luminosity is responsible for very high equivalent width reaching 1500 Å at the nucleus.

scholarly journals Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Samples and Inorganic Elements Levels in Ores for Characterizing a High Anthropogenic Polluted Area in the Northern Latium Region (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Mario Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Ivan Notardonato ◽  
Alberto Rosada ◽  
Giuseppe Ianiri ◽  
Pasquale Avino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Inorganic Fraction

This paper shows a characterization of the organic and inorganic fraction of river waters (Tiber and Marta) and ores/soil samples collected in the Northern Latium region of Italy for evaluating the anthropogenic/natural source contribution to the environmental pollution of this area. For organic compounds, organochloride volatile compounds in Tiber and Marta rivers were analyzed by two different clean-up methods (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction and static headspace) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. The results show very high concentrations of bromoform (up to 1.82 and 3.2 µg L−1 in Tiber and Marta rivers, respectively), due to the presence of greenhouse crops, and of chloroform and tetrachloroethene, due to the presence of handicrafts installations. For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the inorganic fraction, it is highlighted the use of a nuclear analytical method, instrumental neutron activation analysis, which allows having more information as possible from the sample without performing any chemical-physical pretreatment. The results have evidenced high levels of mercury (mean value 88.6 µg g−1), antimony (77.7 µg g−1), strontium (12,039 µg g−1) and zinc (103 µg g−1), whereas rare earth elements show levels similar to the literature data. Particular consideration is drawn for arsenic (414 µg g−1): the levels found in this paper (ranging between 1 and 5100 µg g−1) explain the high content of such element (as arsenates) in the aquifer, a big issue in this area.

scholarly journals Expression and Characterization of the Flocculin Flo11/Muc1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannoprotein with Homotypic Properties of Adhesion

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2214-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois M. Douglas ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
A. M. Dranginis
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor ◽  
Fungal Adhesion ◽  
Very High ◽  
Molecular Weight Form

ABSTRACT The Flo11/Muc1 flocculin has diverse phenotypic effects. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells of strain background Σ1278b require Flo11p to form pseudohyphae, invade agar, adhere to plastic, and develop biofilms, but they do not flocculate. We show that S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus strains, on the other hand, exhibit Flo11-dependent flocculation and biofilm formation but do not invade agar or form pseudohyphae. In order to study the nature of the Flo11p proteins produced by these two types of strains, we examined secreted Flo11p, encoded by a plasmid-borne gene, in which the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor sequences had been replaced by a histidine tag. A protein of approximately 196 kDa was secreted from both strains, which upon purification and concentration, aggregated into a form with a very high molecular mass. When secreted Flo11p was covalently attached to microscopic beads, it conferred the ability to specifically bind to S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus cells, which flocculate, but not to Σ1278b cells, which do not flocculate. This was true for the 196-kDa form as well as the high-molecular-weight form of Flo11p, regardless of the strain source. The coated beads bound to S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus cells expressing FLO11 and failed to bind to cells with a deletion of FLO11, demonstrating a homotypic adhesive mechanism. Flo11p was shown to be a mannoprotein. Bead-to-cell adhesion was inhibited by mannose, which also inhibits Flo11-dependent flocculation in vivo, further suggesting that this in vitro system is a useful model for the study of fungal adhesion.

Process tomography of elementary gates in optical one-way quantum computing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tokunaga ◽  
S. Okamoto ◽  
R. Ikuta ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
M. Koashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Process Tomography

The habitable zone of Earth-mass planets around 47 UMa: results for land and water worlds

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Franck ◽  
M. Cuntz ◽  
W. von Bloh ◽  
C. Bounama
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Stable Orbit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Like Planets ◽  
Very High

In a previous paper, we showed that Earth-type habitable planets around 47 UMa are in principle possible if a distinct set of conditions is warranted. These conditions include that the Earth-type planets have successfully formed and are orbitally stable and, in addition, that the 47 UMa star–planet system is relatively young ([lsim ]6 Gyr). We now extend this study by considering Earth-like planets with different land/ocean coverages. This study is again based on the so-called integrated system approach, which describes the photosynthetic biomass production taking into account a variety of climatological, biogeochemical and geodynamical processes. This approach implies a special characterization of the habitable zone defined for a distinct type of planet. We show that the likelihood of finding a habitable Earth-like planet on a stable orbit around 47 UMa critically depends on the percentage of the planetary land/ocean coverage. The likelihood is significantly increased for planets with a very high percentage of ocean surface (‘water worlds’).

scholarly journals Characterization of 2D-C/C Composite for Application of Very High Temperature Reactor(M & M 2009 Conference)

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (764) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiju SHIBATA ◽  
Junya SUMITA ◽  
Taiyo MAKITA ◽  
Takashi TAKAGI ◽  
Eiji KUNIMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Very High Temperature Reactor ◽  
High Temperature Reactor ◽  
Very High

Characterization of the chemical composition (mineral, lead and centesimal) in pine nut (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze) using exploratory data analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 130672
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Ferreira Requião Silva ◽  
Bruna Rosa da Silva Santos ◽  
Lucas Almir Cavalcante Minho ◽  
Geovani Cardoso Brandão ◽  
Márcio de Jesus Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Exploratory Data Analysis ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Exploratory Data

A- and B-site doping effect on physicochemical properties of Sr2−xBaxMMoO6 (M = Mg, Mn, Fe) double perovskites — candidate anode materials for SOFCs

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1641002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zheng ◽  
Konrad Świerczek
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Double Perovskites ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Redox Stability ◽  
Very High

In this work, we evaluate the physicochemical properties of Sr[Formula: see text]BaxMMoO6 (M [Formula: see text] Mg, Mn, Fe) double perovskites as alternative anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, for which the effect of substitution of strontium by barium in a full range of compositions is studied. The crystal structure, microstructure, characterization of transport properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient) and oxygen content as a function of temperature, as well as chemical stability in oxidizing and reducing conditions are discussed. Fe- and Mo-containing Sr[Formula: see text]BaxFeMoO6 oxides show very high total conductivities with values of 100–1000 S[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], while Sr[Formula: see text]BaxMgMoO6 present good redox stability.

VERITAS OBSERVATIONS OF RELATIVISTIC OUTFLOWS IN LOW- AND INTERMEDIATE-FREQUENCY-PEAKED BL LAC OBJECTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1460178
Author(s):  
◽  
HEIKE PROKOPH
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Bl Lac Objects ◽  
Bl Lacertae ◽  
Bl Lac ◽  
Bl Lacs ◽  
Gamma Ray Telescopes ◽  
Very High

The majority of blazars detected at very high energies (VHE; E > 100 GeV) are high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs). Low- and intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (LBLs/IBLs with synchrotron-peak frequencies in the infrared and optical regime) are generally more powerful, more luminous, and have a richer jet environment than HBLs. However, only a handful of these IBL and LBLs have been detected by ground-based gamma-ray telescopes, typically during high-flux states. The VERITAS array has been monitoring five known VHE LBLs/IBLs since 2009: 3C 66A, W Comae, PKS 1424+240, S5 0716+714 and BL Lacertae, with typical exposures of 5-10 hours per year. The results of these long-term observations are presented, including a bright, subhour-scale VHE flare of BL Lacertae in June 2011, the first low-state detections of 3C 66A and W Comae, and the detection and characterization of the IBL B2 1215+30.

Microstructural Characterization of High-Pressure Oxidized Si1-x Gex /Si Heterolayers

1992 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Gordon Tam
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Device Structures ◽  
Microstructural Behavior ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTSiGe alloys have recently been of interest for fabrication of heterojunction bipolar transistors using pre-existing or modified silicon-processing technology. These devices are faster than devices using pure silicon. Because of the interest in developing SiGe device structures, various elements of processing relevant to fabrication of the devices are being investigated. One such element has been the use of thermal oxidation for isolation of SiGe devices. Utilization of the technique requires an understanding of oxidation behavior of SiGe layers under a variety of oxidation conditions. Past studies in the literature have investigated the oxidation of SiGe at atmospheric pressure or at very high pressures (∼650–1300 atmospheres). The present study investigates the wet-oxidation of SiGe structures at intermediate pressures (∼25 atmospheres) and temperatures (∼750°C). Unlike atmospheric oxidation, most of the Ge (from SiGe) remains in the oxidized silicon (SiO2) in the form of GeO2. Occasional segregation of Ge to the oxidizing interface is noted. The microstructural behavior of partially and entirely oxidized structures is presented.

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