Internationalization of Renminbi as a Function of China’s Foreign Exchange Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Klavdiya E. Chernilevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Reserve Currency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Exchange Policy ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Broad Overview

This article discusses the prospects of the Chinese renminbi (RMB) to expand its sphere of influence and become a full-scale reserve world currency. The methods used in the article are retrospective analysis and graphic analysis. The work is divided into three sections. The first section provides a broad overview of modern reserve currencies. The second part characterizes RMBs shaping as a reserve currency, as well as inner and outer factors that influence its status. The third section includes information about RMBs current status and its perspectives for being a reserve currency in the future. The article argues that currently RMB has already become a regional reserve currency in Asia-Pacific. Chinese government continues to make steps towards international expansion of RMB, yet these steps cannot make RMB one of the leading world currencies together with USD and EUR in the nearest decade.

Providing Data for Educational Policy in an International Context: The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert E. Beaton ◽  
Michael O. Martin ◽  
Ina V.S. Mullis
Keyword(s):  
International Perspective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Informational Needs ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Policy-makers in many nations of the world are involved in educational reforms. In order to make effective educational decisions for the 21st century, policy-makers need information of a wide variety of kinds, for example, comparative performance data and curriculum information from other nations. National assessments can be valuable, but international surveys provide a broader base of information and allow countries to view their current status and planning within an international perspective. The purpose of this paper is to describe the goals of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study and the steps being followed to insure that the results from the study will meet the diverse informational needs of policy-makers.

scholarly journals Virgo and Gravitational-Wave Computing in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07050
Author(s):  
Stefano Bagnasco
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Observational Period ◽  
Compact Binaries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Compact Binary ◽  
Continuous Waves ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wave Event

Advanced Virgo is an interferometer for the detection of gravitational waves at the European Gravitational Observatory in Italy. Along with the two Advanced LIGO interferometers in the US, Advanced Virgo is being used to collect data from astrophysical sources such as compact binary coalescences and is currently running the third observational period, collecting gravitational wave event candidates at a rate of more than once per week. Data from the interferometer are processed by running search pipelines for several expected signals, from coalescing compact binaries to continuous waves and burst events. Furthermore, detector characterisation studies are run. Some of the processing needs to be done with low latency, to be able to provide triggers for other observatories and make multi-messenger observations possible. Deep searches are run offline on external computing centres. Thus, data needs also to be reliably and promptly distributed from the EGO site to computer centres in Europe and the US for further analysis and archival storage. Two of the defining characteristics of Virgo computing are the heterogeneity of the activities and the need to interoperate with LIGO. A very wide array of analysis pipelines differing in scientific target, implementation details and running environment assumptions have to be allowed to run ubiquitously and uniformly on dedicated resources and, in perspective, on heterogeneous infrastructures. The current status, possible strategies and outlook of Virgo computing are discussed.

An Army of Influence

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Capacity To Change

The importance of regional cooperation is becoming more apparent as the world moves into the third decade of the 21st century. An Army of Influence is a thought-provoking analysis of the Australian Army's capacity to change, with a particular focus on the Asia-Pacific region. Written by highly regarded historians, strategists and practitioners, this book examines the Australian Army's influence abroad and the lessons it has learnt from its engagement across the Asia-Pacific region. It also explores the challenges facing the Australian Army in the future and provides principles to guide operational, administrative and modernisation planning. Containing full-colour maps and images, An Army of Influence will be of interest to both the wider defence community and general readers. It underscores the importance of maintaining an ongoing presence in the region and engages with history to address the issues facing the Army both now and into the future.

scholarly journals China’s Pursuit of a New Asia-Pacific Security Architecture

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
Peace And Development

Facing increasing challenges to regional peace and stability, yet feeling isolated in several key security mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific, China has been taking active measures to improve its security environment and to foster a new regional security architecture based on the “New Asian Security Concept,” in order to achieve a lasting and commonly beneficial collective security order in the region. Though no official blueprint has been established by the Chinese government, one can expect China to push forward an all-inclusive and comprehensive platform as the core of the new architecture which features collective security driven by major powers based on their consulted consensus. Yet China will not seek to build a completely new Asia-Pacific security architecture to replace the old one. Instead, it is taking a pragmatic and incremental approach to shape the necessary environment for the evolution of the old architecture into a more inclusive and balanced one. If Sino-U.S. relations can be well managed and China continues to project its growing power in a refrained and contributive way to provide more public goods for regional peace and development, then it is hopeful that a new regional security architecture will take shape in the coming decades.

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