scholarly journals Dichotomaria marginata (Rhodophyta) as a bioindicator for marine pollution: An overview about its metabolites and adsorbed pollutants

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Angelica Nunes Garcia ◽  
Erika Mattos Stein ◽  
Leonardo Zambotti Villela ◽  
Nair S. Yokoya ◽  
Pio Colepicolo Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Species Characteristics

Macroalgae are considered bioindicators for marine pollution, because they have the ability to quickly react to changes in their environment. In consequence, macroalgae populations fluctuate, according to species characteristics and adaptive strategies. Their cell wall polysaccharides contain sulfate groups that are capable of retaining and accumulating heavy metals. In addition to traditional contaminants, emerging pollutants are being recognized in aquatic environments. Herein, emerging pollutants have been identified after being desorbed from the macroalga Dichotomaria marginata, collected from Fortaleza Beach, Ubatuba, Brazil. Based on that algal polysaccharide networks have the potential of forming hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, it was hypothesized that these pollutants would be bound to sugar polymers. Compounds present in the D. marginata samples were identified using both gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS and HPLC/MS), assisted by computational methods. It was possible to unequivocally identify 22 emerging contaminants with GC/MS, and 16 substances with HPLC/MS.

scholarly journals Emerging contaminants : a tutorial mini-review

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Reliable Methods

Nowadays, the scientific community has focused and prioritised research on “emerging pollutants”. The term “emerging pollutants” stands for the substances that are released in the environment for which currently no regulations are established for their environmental monitoring. Their occurrence is reported worldwide in a range of aquatic environments, such as lakes, rivers, freshwater catchments, estuaries, reservoirs and marine waters. Nevertheless, due to their large number (ranging in an order of thousands), only few of these compounds are toxicologically evaluated. Published data concerning occurrence and potential toxicological effects is limited. The contamination source of the aquatic environment is mainly the effluents from the sewage treatment plants (STPs). Reliable methods are available for residue analysis of these pollutants down to low ng L-1 levels. However, an urgent need is highlighted for the investigation (primarily in environmental media and following in biological ones) of the toxicity and transformation pathways of all emerging pollutants. The aims of this mini-review are to briefly present: (a) the major classes of emerging pollutants; (b) the reasons why these substances constitute an environmental issue; and (c) developments and applications of environmental analysis in this field.

scholarly journals Target, Suspect and Non-Target Screening of Silylated Derivatives of Polar Compounds Based on Single Ion Monitoring GC-MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhekumuzi Prince Gumbi ◽  
Brenda Moodley ◽  
Grace Birungi ◽  
Patrick Gathura Ndungu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Target Screening ◽  
Derivatives Of

There is growing interest in determining the unidentified peaks within a sample spectra besides the analytes of interest. Availability of reference standards and hyphenated instruments has been a key and limiting factor in the rapid determination of emerging pollutants in the environment. In this work, polar compounds were silylated and analyzed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the abundant fragments within the single ion monitoring (SIM) mode and methodology. Detection limits and recoveries of the compounds were established in river water, wastewater, biosolid and sediment matrices. Then, specific types of polar compounds that are classified as emerging contaminants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, in the environment were targeted in the Mgeni and Msunduzi Rivers. We also performed suspect and non-target analysis screening to identify several other polar compounds in these rivers. A total of 12 compounds were quantified out of approximately 50 detected emerging contaminants in the Mgeni and Msunduzi Rivers. This study is significant for Africa, where the studies of emerging contaminants are limited and not usually prioritized.

scholarly journals Removal of Emerging Pollutants from Water Using Environmentally Friendly Processes: Photocatalysts Preparation, Characterization, Intermediates Identification and Toxicity Assessment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Nina Finčur ◽  
Paula Sfîrloagă ◽  
Predrag Putnik ◽  
Vesna Despotović ◽  
Marina Lazarević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Simulated Sunlight ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
Emerging Pollutant ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Modern Technologies

Pharmaceuticals and pesticides are emerging contaminants problematic in the aquatic environment because of their adverse effects on aquatic life and humans. In order to remove them from water, photocatalysis is one of the most modern technologies to be used. First, newly synthesized photocatalysts were successfully prepared using a sol–gel method and characterized by different techniques (XRD, FTIR, UV/Vis, BET and SEM/EDX). The photocatalytic properties of TiO2, ZnO and MgO nanoparticles were examined according to their removal from water for two antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone) and two herbicides (tembotrione and fluroxypyr) exposed to UV/simulated sunlight (SS). TiO2 proved to be the most efficient nanopowder under UV and SS. Addition of (NH4)2S2O8 led to the faster removal of both antibiotics and herbicide fluroxypyr. The main intermediates were separated and identified for the herbicides and antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Finally, the toxicity of each emerging pollutant mixture and formed intermediates was assessed on wheat germination and biomass production.

A Review of Emerging Contaminants in Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-202
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis ◽  
Julie A. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Analytical Instrumentation ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Contaminants of emerging concern or, simply, emerging contaminants represent a newly discovered group of chemicals present in surface and groundwater. It was only the improvements in analytical instrumentation that allowed for the detection of these contaminants even at trace levels. The continuous detection of new chemicals with time raises questions concerning their source pathways, their fate, transport, transformations and impact on aquatic environments. The scope of this chapter is to present an overview of the contaminants classified as “emerging”, their sources and introduction pathways to the environment and the related risks to human health and aquatic life.

A Review of Emerging Contaminants in Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis ◽  
Julie A. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Analytical Instrumentation ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Contaminants of emerging concern or, simply, emerging contaminants represent a newly discovered group of chemicals present in surface and groundwater. It was only the improvements in analytical instrumentation that allowed for the detection of these contaminants even at trace levels. The continuous detection of new chemicals with time raises questions concerning their source pathways, their fate, transport, transformations and impact on aquatic environments. The scope of this chapter is to present an overview of the contaminants classified as “emerging”, their sources and introduction pathways to the environment and the related risks to human health and aquatic life.

scholarly journals Metabolite Changes in an Estuarine Annelid Following Sublethal Exposure to a Mixture of Zinc and Boscalid

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinclair ◽  
O’Brien ◽  
Keough ◽  
de Souza ◽  
Dayalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Health Assessments ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Environmental pollutants such as heavy metals and fungicides pose a serious threat to waterways worldwide. Toxicological assessment of such contaminants is usually conducted using single compound exposures, as it is challenging to understand the effect of mixtures on biota using standard ecotoxicological methods; whereas complex chemical mixtures are more probable in ecosystems. This study exposed Simplisetia aequisetis (an estuarine annelid) to sublethal concentrations of a metal (zinc) and a fungicide (boscalid), both singly and as a mixture, for two weeks. Metabolomic analysis via gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure the stress response(s) of the organism following exposure. A total of 75 metabolites, including compounds contributing to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the urea cycle, and a number of other pathways, were identified and quantified. The multiplatform approach identified distinct metabolomic responses to each compound that differed depending on whether the substance was presented singly or as a mixture, indicating a possible antagonistic effect. The study demonstrates that metabolomics is able to elucidate the effects and mode of action of contaminants and can identify possible outcomes faster than standard ecotoxicological endpoints, such as growth and reproduction. Metabolomics therefore has a possible future role in biomonitoring and ecosystem health assessments.

Technological Developments in the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Magali Kemmerich
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction

Emerging contaminants (ECs), which constitute a group of chemicals, such as personal care products, food additives, and endocrine disruptors, are not commonly monitored and have the potential to cause adverse effects on the environment and humans. In water, even at low concentrations, they pose risks to environmental health. Several technologies have been developed to determine these compounds; the most common ones are liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with analysis by gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). This chapter analyzes these methodologies and highlights their possibilities and limitations and compiles the most recent advances in this field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document