scholarly journals Argumen Adanya Tuhan: Wacana Historis dan Estetis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Mira Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Existence Of God ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Human Recognition ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Absolute

Historically, humans are creatures who need God. Due to the limitations of human reason to reach the existence of God, humans perceive God in various images and different forms. Humans have built the argument for the existence of God with a historical and aesthetic approach. History proves human recognition of the existence of God as the Absolute, who creates and maintains nature and its contents. To get closer to God, humans build places of worship of God and even create God who is worshiped in the form of works of art.

scholarly journals THE TURN OF THE SCREW: HENRY JAMES AS AN AUTHOR AND A CRITIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
M.B. Rarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Henry James ◽  
William James ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
The Core ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Absolute

The article considers the story by Henry James (1843 – 1916) «The Turn of the Screw» (1898 – first edition, 1908 – second edition) in connection with the emergence of a new type of narrator in the writer's late prose. The worldview and creative method of H. James are formed under the influence of the philosophy of pragmatism, which became widespread at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries thanks to the works of the writer's elder brother, the philosopher William James (1842 – 1910). The core of pragmatism is the pluralistic concept of William James based on the assumption that knowledge can be realized from very limited, incomplete, and inadequate «points of view» and this leads to the statement that the absolute truth is essentially unknowable. The epistemological statements of William James's theory is that the content of knowledge is entirely determined by the installation of consciousness, and the content of the truth in this case depends on the goals and experience of the human, i.e. the central starting point is the consciousness of the person. Henry James not only creates works of art, but also sets out in detail the principles of his work both on the pages of fiction works of small and large prose, putting them in the mouths of their characters – representatives of the world of art, and in the prefaces to his works of fiction, as well as in critical works.

God and his Attributes

Gersonides ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Seymour Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Anselm Of Canterbury ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Religiously Based ◽  
Articles Of Faith ◽  
Basic Beliefs

This chapter explains how the existence of God is philosophically provable. It adopts the terminology of Thomas Aquinas about some of the basic beliefs of monotheistic religion. In attempting to delineate the distinct domain of theology, Aquinas distinguished between the “preambles of faith” and the “articles of faith.” This chapter analyzes the underlying assumption that human reason can prove and explain some of the basic beliefs of monotheistic religion. Not only does it discuss the common ground for philosophy and faith, but it explains monotheistic religions without religiously based assumptions. It describes the ontological proof of Anselm of Canterbury and points out various arguments about the world and how they cannot be explained without positing the existence of God.

scholarly journals How can we know the existence of God: Anselm and Aquinas?

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibuikem C. Nnaeme
Keyword(s):  
Ontological Argument ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Ontological Proof ◽  
Epistemological Conception ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute

This article is concerned with how we can know about the existence of God. In attempting to do this, the article will single out two medieval thinkers, Anselm and Aquinas, and will examine their stances on the subject. The former holds, as exemplified in his ontological proof,that human beings can rationally know the existence of God, whilst the latter objects to theformer�s claim by proffering that human beings can know God�s existence through effects of God�s creation. Over the years these positions have appealed to people who defend eitherstr and of the argument. Such a followership makes worthwhile my efforts to contribute to the ongoing debate. It is my intention to show the argument of each of these positions and indicate which is more plausible to human beings. It is vital to note that Anselm and Aquinas both accept the existence of God; therefore, the existence of God is not in question for them.The article will only concentrate on where the two thinkers differ in terms of how human beings can know God�s existence.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article challenges idealists�philosophy that human beings can prove God�s existence from the concept, God, as epitomisedby Anselm�s ontological argument. The critique of the argument through the application of Aquinas�s realism exposes the limitedness of the human beings in epistemological conception of the absolute metaphysical reality.

scholarly journals Filsafat Kenabian Muhammad Saw. di dalam al-Quran

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Hakam Al-Ma'mun
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Good News ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
The Middle Ages

The discussion of Prophetic philosophy was one of the central themes for Muslim philosophers in the Middle Ages. This is because one of the foundations of the Muslim faith is built on trust in God's messengers as recipients and transmitters of divine messages. Therefore, if someone has claimed to be a believer, the consequence that must be accepted is to believe in the existence of Muhammad's prophecy. However, history records the existence of some groups of Muslims in the Middle Ages that have ruled out the role of a prophet. The assumption that underlies them solely rests on the role of human reason which is considered sufficient to lead him to the truth so that the role of prophethood is no longer needed. This paper highlights how the Qur'an explains the concept of Muhammad's prophecy with all the visions and missions it carries. The Qur'an through sura al-Ahzab verses 45-46 has captured some of the prophetic characteristics of Muhammad. The philosophical approach in this research is a concrete effort to understand and explain religious doctrine more logically and systematically. The results of this study indicate that sura al-Ahzab verses 45-46 contain the prophetic message of Muhammad's prophethood, that is his testimony as a messenger who brings good news as well as a warning to people who are in denial of the existence of God. In addition, Muhammad also played a role as a caller for truth and a guide for lost mankind.

Criticism of Theism in the Sravakabhumi of the Yogacarabhumi

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiki Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Buddhist Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Absolute

According to some Indian theists, Isvara or Brahman is the absolute and the creator of the world, an idea that was criticized by Buddhists from the earliest times. This paper considers how Buddhists, particularly the Yogacara school, refute the existence of God as a creator in connection with practice. It seems that all Buddhist sects prove that no universal creator exists, using logical arguments against non-Buddhists. Previous studies have elucidated the proof of the non-existence of Isvara in the Savitarkasavicaradibhumi section of the Yogacarabhumi, the main Yogacara text. However, little attention has been paid to another section, the Sravakabhumi, in which a yoga practitioner uses logical reasoning (anumana) to deal with the denial of Isvara in the course of his or her practice of impermanence (anitya). The Sravakabhumi, probably completed at the earliest stage of compilation of the Yogacarabhumi, describes the practice that could lead to liberation according to the teaching of the Sravakayana. I demonstrate that the Sravakabhumi treats the denial of Isvara as a part of practice, not just as an intellectual exercise aimed at refuting non-Buddhists, and shows the place of discussion of this topic in Buddhist practice.

Rationality and Religious Belief

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Pojman
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
Reason And Faith ◽  
Articles Of Faith

In debate on faith and reason two opposing positions have dominated the field. The first position asserts that faith and reason are commensurable and the second position denies that assertion. Those holding to the first position differ among themselves as to the extent of the compatibility between faith and reason, most adherents relegating the compatibility to the ‘preambles of faith’ (e.g. the existence of God and his nature) over against the ‘articles of faith’ (e.g. the doctrine of the incarnation). Few have maintained complete harmony between reason and faith, i.e. a religious belief within the realm of reason alone. The second position divides into two sub-positions: (1) that which asserts that faith is opposed to reason (which includes such unlikely bedfellows as Hume and Kierkegaard), placing faith in the area of irrationality; and (2) that which asserts that faith is higher than reason, is transrational. Calvin and Barth assert that a natural theology is inappropriate because it seeks to meet unbelief on its own ground (ordinary human reason). Revelation, however, is ‘self-authenticating’, ‘carrying with it its own evidence’.1 We may call this position the ‘transrationalist’ view of faith. Faith is not so much against reason as above it and beyond its proper domain. Actually, Kierkegaard shows that the two sub-positions are compatible. He holds both that faith is above reason (superior to it) and against reason (because reason has been affected by sin). The irrationalist and transrationalist positions are sometimes hard to separate in the incommensurabilist's arguments. At least, it seems that faith gets such a high value that reason comes off looking not simply inadequate but culpable. To use reason where faith claims the field is not only inappropriate but irreverent or faithless.

scholarly journals Tuhan dalam Perdebatan Eksistensialisme

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Chafid Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Absolute

<p>The philosophy of existentialism pays great attention to the fate of human beings as individualist embodiments. This also becomes a manifestation of human’s freedom which receives less attention due to its exclusion under the strong influence of Hegel’s doctrine essentialist philosophy or system of thought that emphasizes collectivity. The emergence of existentialism itself in turn propagates into the polemical invention of humans upon their God. There are two conceptions of the divine discourses on existentialism, namely the theistic existentialism and the atheistic one. Theistic existentialism tries to accept God and consider Him not to rob humans’ freedom because God is understood individually, not as a self-enclosed system. On the contrary, atheistic existentialism actually rebels against God’s intervention in humans’ freedom as well as eliminates the existence of God and brings the absolute freedom of human beings themselves, which in turn this leads to humans’ creative activity.</p>

scholarly journals THE PERENNITY OF ANSELM’S PROSLOGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
YANNICK IMBERT
Keyword(s):  
Existence Of God ◽  
Absolute Necessity ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Special Revelation ◽  
Definition Of

The first goal of Anselm in the Proslogion is to encourage believers by demonstrating the absolute necessity of the existence of the God of the Bible. Anselm most likely succeeds as the definition of God that he adopts is faithful to the content of special revelation. Whether the argument can function as an argument for the existence of God can be doubted. In this article we look at the various aspects of the question.

Montaigne and Descartes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

Descartes’s exposition of his search for truth in the Discourse on the Method draws on Montaigne’s self-presentation in the Essays as well as on the recurrent metaphors of the “Apology for Raymond Sebond.” In his construction of reliable knowledge he is assisted by Montaigne’s demolition of existing knowledge-structures. Though claiming to achieve certainty on issues Montaigne proclaims philosophically doubtful (such as the existence of God and the nature of the soul), he emphasizes God’s transcendence of human reason; nor does his dualism deny the embodied nature of human experience, on which Montaigne insists. But, contrary to Montaigne, Descartes insists on the gulf between humans and animals.

The Absolute of Human Reason in the Philosophy of Aurobindo

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Paul Colaço ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Reason ◽  
The Absolute
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