scholarly journals Men's Health Promotion in Waiting Rooms: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e17-e27
Author(s):  
Michael Whitehead ◽  
Harrison Ng Chok ◽  
Christina Whitehead ◽  
Lauretta Luck
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Male Health ◽  
Health Literature ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Specific Health

Issue addressedCurrently, in Australia, male health outcomes are poorer than that of females, with males experiencing a lower life expectancy, accounting for 62% of the premature deaths. Exploring male-specific health promotional material in health facility waiting rooms provides an opportunity to examine available health information. There are few studies on health-related education for patients, families and carers in general practitioner (GP) waiting rooms, and no studies on male-specific health material content in waiting rooms. MethodsThis prospective observational study audited all printed health promotional materials in all health facility waiting rooms within a single local government area. A total of 24 sites were surveyed, which included general practice centres, community health centres and hospitals. The surveyed health literature included posters, brochures and booklets. ResultsThere were 1143 health materials audited across the sites. Of these, 3.15% (n = 36) were male-specific literature, 15.31% (n = 175) were female-specific health literature and 81.54% (n = 932) were neutral/others. Overwhelmingly, the audited health literature evidenced a 5:1 ratio favouring female-specific literature versus male-specific literature. ConclusionsThis research highlighted that despite the known outcomes of lower male life expectancy and higher burden of disease, male-specific literature was observed to be significantly under-represented within the audited health facility waiting room spaces. There remains potential for health clinicians to provide targeted male health education and thereby improve male health literacy.

Men's health promotion in waiting rooms: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Whitehead ◽  
H Ng Chok ◽  
C Whitehead ◽  
L Luck
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Male Health ◽  
Health Literature ◽  
Male Specific

Abstract Thesis Statement Men experience poorer health outcomes than females and gender specific targeted health promotion needs to adequately address this gender bias. Methodology This prospective observational study audited all printed health promotional materials in all health facility waiting rooms within a defined geographic region. A total of 24 sites were surveyed which included general practice centres, community health centres and hospitals. The surveyed health literature included posters, brochures, and booklets. Results There were 1143 health materials audited across the sites. Of these, 3.15% (n = 36) were male-specific literature, 15.31% (n = 175) were female specific health literature and 81.54% (n = 932) were gender neutral. Literature which had a gendered focus was overwhelmingly female to male with a ratio of approximately 5:1. Conclusions and Implications This research highlighted that despite the known outcomes of lower male life expectancy and higher burden of disease, male specific literature is significantly under-represented within health facility waiting spaces. There remains potential for health clinicians to provide targeted male health education and thereby improve male health literacy. Key messages Men's health both within Australia and globally remains under-represented despite lower health expectancy and higher burden of disease. Health facilities ought to actively control the health promotion messaging to vulnerable population groups.

How long do I have? Observational study on communication about life expectancy with advanced cancer patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1820-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Henselmans ◽  
E.M.A. Smets ◽  
P.K.J. Han ◽  
H.C.J.C. de Haes ◽  
H.W.M.van Laarhoven
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Regulation of Sex-Specific Selection offruitless 5′ Splice Sites by transformerand transformer-2

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Heinrichs ◽  
Lisa C. Ryner ◽  
Bruce S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Splice Site ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Splice Sites ◽  
Repeat Elements ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Splicing Enhancer

ABSTRACT In Drosophila melanogaster, the fruitless(fru) gene controls essentially all aspects of male courtship behavior. It does this through sex-specific alternative splicing of the fru pre-mRNA, leading to the production of male-specific fru mRNAs capable of expressing male-specificfru proteins. Sex-specific fru splicing involves the choice between alternative 5′ splice sites, one used exclusively in males and the other used only in females. Here we report that the Drosophila sex determination genestransformer (tra) and transformer-2(tra-2) switch fru splicing from the male-specific pattern to the female-specific pattern through activation of the female-specific fru 5′ splice site. Activation of female-specific fru splicing requirescis-acting tra and tra-2 repeat elements that are part of an exonic splicing enhancer located immediately upstream of the female-specific fru 5′ splice site and are recognized by the TRA and TRA-2 proteins in vitro. Thisfru splicing enhancer is sufficient to promote the activation by tra and tra-2 of both a 5′ splice site and the female-specific doublesex (dsx) 3′ splice site, suggesting that the mechanisms of 5′ splice site activation and 3′ splice site activation may be similar.

scholarly journals Molecular Sex Identification in the Hardy Rubber Tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) via ddRAD Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wencai Wang ◽  
Guoqian Yang ◽  
Xin Deng ◽  
Fengqing Shao ◽  
Yongquan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Eucommia Ulmoides ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific

Eucommia ulmoides, also known as the industrially and medicinally important hardy rubber tree, is the sole species of Eucommiaceae. Nevertheless, its dioecious property hinders sex recognition by traditional morphological observation at very early developmental stages, thus inhibiting breeding and economic cropping. In this study, double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was applied to screen sex-linked molecular markers for sex identification and investigation of the sex determination system in 20 male and female E. ulmoides individual plants, respectively. In consequence, five candidate male-specific loci but no female-specific loci were predicated among the 183,752 male and 147,122 female catalogue loci by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification and Sanger sequencing examinations were performed on another 24 individuals, 12 for each sex, from a separate population. One ideal sex-linked locus, MSL4, was identified among the five putative male-specific loci that were found using ddRAD data. MSL4 is 479 bp in length and highly conserved in all the male individuals, suggesting its feature of being stable and repeatable. Our results also indicated that the sex of E. ulmoides is likely determined genetically. In short, this study provides a consistent and reproducible ddRAD marker (MSL4) that is able to discriminate male from female seedlings in E. ulmoides, which will be valuable for rapid breeding practice and better commercial production of this economically important tree.

scholarly journals Targeting the autosomal Ceratitis capitata transformer gene using Cas9 or dCas9 to masculinize XX individuals without inducing mutations

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Primo ◽  
Angela Meccariello ◽  
Maria Grazia Inghilterra ◽  
Andrea Gravina ◽  
Giuseppe Del Corsano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Xx Males ◽  
Biallelic Mutations ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific

Abstract Background Females of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Medfly) are major agricultural pests, as they lay eggs into the fruit crops of hundreds of plant species. In Medfly, female sex determination is based on the activation of Cctransformer (Cctra). A maternal contribution of Cctra is required to activate Cctra itself in the XX embryos and to start and epigenetically maintain a Cctra positive feedback loop, by female-specific alternative splicing, leading to female development. In XY embryos, the male determining Maleness-on-the-Y gene (MoY) blocks this activation and Cctra produces male-specific transcripts encoding truncated CcTRA isoforms and male differentiation occurs. Results With the aim of inducing frameshift mutations in the first coding exon to disrupt both female-specific and shorter male-specific CcTRA open reading frames (ORF), we injected Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (Cas9 and single guide RNA, sgRNA) in embryos. As this approach leads to mostly monoallelic mutations, masculinization was expected only in G1 XX individuals carrying biallelic mutations, following crosses of G0 injected individuals. Surprisingly, these injections into XX-only embryos led to G0 adults that included not only XX females but also 50% of reverted fertile XX males. The G0 XX males expressed male-specific Cctra transcripts, suggesting full masculinization. Interestingly, out of six G0 XX males, four displayed the Cctra wild type sequence. This finding suggests that masculinization by Cas9-sgRNA injections was independent from its mutagenic activity. In line with this observation, embryonic targeting of Cctra in XX embryos by a dead Cas9 (enzymatically inactive, dCas9) also favoured a male-specific splicing of Cctra, in both embryos and adults. Conclusions Our data suggest that the establishment of Cctra female-specific autoregulation during the early embryogenesis has been repressed in XX embryos by the transient binding of the Cas9-sgRNA on the first exon of the Cctra gene. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the shift of Cctra splicing from female to male mode is induced also by dCas9. Collectively, the present findings corroborate the idea that a transient embryonic inactivation of Cctra is sufficient for male sex determination.

scholarly journals The inhibitory action of transfer factors on lysis ofEscherichia coliK 12 by phages μ 2 and Φ 2

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pitton ◽  
E. S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Agar Layer ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
R Factors ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYA selection offi+resistance factors and transfer factors, when introduced into K 12F+, showed a range of inhibitory activity of lysis by the male-specific phage μ 2. This range can be used to subdivide thefi+factors intofi+1,fi+2,fi+3andfi+4classes, according to the degree of inhibition of μ 2 lysis. To this subdivision can be added restriction of the ‘female-specific’ phage φ 2.Introduction of all thefi+factors tested into K 12 HfrH totally inhibited lysis by μ 2 in spot tests, but with twofi+1and onefi+2factors visible lysis was obtained in agar-layer tests. These three factors caused least inhibition of transfer ofproby HfrH. It can be assumed that both tests reflect lower inhibition of sex fimbrial formation by thesefi+factors than by the remainder.Thefi−factors, when introduced into K 12, can be subdivided on the basis of restrictive effects on phage φ 2.These effects can be added to phage restriction in the salmonellae for the purposes of further classification of the transfer factors and R-factors.

scholarly journals Gastric estradiol-17β (E2) and liver ERα correlate with serum E2 in the cholestatic male rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Kobayashi ◽  
Saori Yoshida ◽  
Ying-Jie Sun ◽  
Nobuyuki Shirasawa ◽  
Akira Naito
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Steroid Dependent ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Cholestasis is associated with changes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism and serum estrogen levels. Ueyama and colleagues reported that the gastric estradiol-17β (E2) level in the portal vein is several times higher than that in the artery. This study aimed to clarify the relationships between gastric E2, hepatic estrogen receptor (ER) α and cholesterol metabolism in cholestatic male rats induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). After BDL, serum E2 levels in the portal vein and artery were measured by ELISA. The gene expression of gastric estrogen-synthesizing enzymes and various hepatic enzymes for cholesterol metabolism were measured by real-time RT-PCR, and gastric aromatase and hepatic ERα proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Portal E2 levels increased by 4.9, 5.0, and 3.6 times that of controls at 2 days after BDL (BDL2d), BDL4d, and BDL7d respectively. The change in arterial E2 levels was positively correlated with that in the portal vein. Under these conditions, the expression of hepatic Ers1 (ERα) mRNA and protein was significantly reduced in a negative correlation with serum E2 levels in the portal vein after BDL. The expression of hepatic male-specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes Cyp2c55 and Cyp3a2 decreased and female-specific Cyp2c12 increased after BDL. It is postulated that the increase in gastric E2 levels, which occurs after BDL, results in the reduction of hepatic ERα, the elevation of arterial E2 level and leads to cholesterol metabolism becoming sex steroid dependent.

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