scholarly journals Plasmid-Curing, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Properties and Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants from North East India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunjal Aparna ◽  
Patwardhan Rajashree ◽  
Jedhe Aditi ◽  
Choudhary Vaishnavi
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The medicinal importance of plants is in their bioactive substances which exert definite physiological action on the human body. In the present investigation antimicrobial activities of Garcinia pedunculata, Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis, and Ziziphus mauritiana were studied against microbial strains using agar disc diffusion. In-vitro phytochemical screening for chloroform, isoamyl alcohol and water extracts of parts of plants was performed. For MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), grid method was used. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was studied using the ferric reducing antioxidant method and bioautography was studied using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Garcinia pedunculata and Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis extracts showed highest antimicrobial activity. In-vitro phytochemical screening for chloroform, isoamyl alcohol and water extracts of parts of plants showed positive results for alkaloids, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids and diterpenes. The MIC value of Garcinia pedunculata, Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis and Ziziphus mauritiana was 2560, 1280 and 2560 µL, respectively. The antioxidant activity revealed that there was an increase in absorbance with the increase of sample concentration. In Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography, chloroform extract of Garcinia pedunculata and Ziziphus mauritiana showed activity with zones of inhibition on bioautograms. The chloroform extract of Ziziphus mauritiana was found to be effective with curing efficiency for E. coli K12 (RP4), E. coli (pBR322) and E. coli (pRK2013) 62%, 57% and 49% respectively. Petroleum ether extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis cured E. coli K12 (RP4), E. coli (pBR322) and E. coli (pRK2013) at 38%, 42% and 35% curing efficiencies respectively. This is the first report of plasmid curing by using chloroform Ziziphus mauritiana and petroleum ether extract of Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis. The present investigation has revealed applications and significance of plant extracts of Garcinia pedunculata, Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis, and Ziziphus mauritiana as plasmid curing, antimicrobial and antioxidant agents to control infections and spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Comparative Antimicrobial Study of Different Parts of Ocimum americanum L., O. basilicum L. and O. sanctum L. in Comparison to Standard Antibiotics Collected from Dibrugarh, Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
J. Chetia ◽  
L. R. Saikia ◽  
S. Upadhyaya ◽  
E. Khatiwora ◽  
A. Bawri
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Ocimum Americanum

Lamiaceae members are commonly used in ethno-medicinal practices of our country. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of various solvents extracts of different aerial parts of Ocimum americanum L., O. basilicum L. and O. sanctum L. wereassessed on standard bacterial and fungal strains using standard laboratory methods. Extracts from O. americanum have inhibitory activity against B. subtilis, B. cereus and S. aureus.Acetone extracts of O. basilicum and O. sanctum were found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activities against majority of the bacteria investigated. Acetone extract of young inflorescence of O. americanum showed highest antibacterial activity against B. cereus (14±1mm) which was also higher (10±1mm) than the inhibition of standard Clotrimazole (10mcg). Hot petroleum ether extract of mature leaves of O. basilicum showed highest activity against E. coli (16±2mm) which was also higher than the inhibition ofAmpicillin, Streptomycitin, Erythromycin.Petroleum ether extract of young leaves of O. sanctum recorded highest inhibition against P. vulgaris (20±2mm). Presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols in all the parts of the plants. Use of different parts instead of using whole plant will help in sustainable management of these medicinal plants.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activity Analysis of Leaves of Limonia acidissima

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Gandi Kishore NAIDU ◽  
B. SUJATHA ◽  
K. Chandra Sekhar NAIDU
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Limonia Acidissima

The present study was carried out the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves of Limonia acidissima. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and five Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) by agar well diffusion method. Methanol extract showed good antibacterial activity with the high inhibition zones while chloroform extract exhibited mild to moderate activity and hexane extract was found to be less active. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites like steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. The results of the present study suggest that leaves of Limonia acidissima can be used to treating infectious diseases caused by E. coli, P. vulgarisand S. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of High Concentration of Bioactive Compounds Fragments from Euphorbia hirta L. Extract and Their Effect on Diabetes Mellitus

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Minh Tran ◽  
Han Truong ◽  
Ly Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

The present study was performed to spray-dry the high concentration of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia hirta L. extracts that have antidiabetic activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four different extracts (crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract) from the dried powder of Euphorbia hirta L. were determined using a spectrophotometer. After that, the fragment containing a high number of bioactive compounds underwent spray-dried microencapsulation to produce powder which had antidiabetic potential. The total phenolic content values of the crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract were 194.55 ± 0.82, 51.85 ± 3.12, 81.56 ± 1.72 and 214.21 ± 2.53 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extracts showed total flavonoids 40.56 ± 7.27, 29.49 ± 1.66, 64.99 ± 2.60 and 91.69 ± 1.67 mg/g extract, as rutin equivalents. Ethyl acetate extract was mixed with 20% maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:10 to spray-dry microencapsulation. The results revealed that the moisture content, bulk density, color characteristic, solubility and hygroscopicity of the samples were 4.9567 ± 0.00577%, 0.3715 ± 0.01286 g/mL, 3.7367 ± 0.1424 Hue, 95.83 ± 1.44% and 9.9890 ± 1.4538 g H2O/100 g, respectively. The spray powder was inhibited 51.19% α-amylase at 10 mg/mL and reduced 51% in fast blood glucose (FBG) after 4 h treatment. Furthermore, the administration of spray powder for 15 days significantly lowered the fast blood glucose level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice by 23.32%, whereas, acarbose—a standard antidiabetic drug—and distilled water reduced the fast blood glucose level by 30.87% and 16.89%. Our results show that obtained Euphorbia hirta L. powder has potential antidiabetic activity.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of different fractions of petroleum ether extract of Zingiber cassumunar rhizome against Tribolium castaneum

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Talukder ◽  
AB MH Haque ◽  
S Zaman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Zingiber Cassumunar ◽  
Layer Chromatography

An experiment was carried out to investigate the efficacy of contact toxicity of different fractions of petroleum ether extract of Zinziber cassumunar Roxb. rhizome against Tribolium castaneum. Seventy-eight different fractions of petroleum ether extract were obtained from column chromatography. Elutes having the similar TLC behavior were combined in eight fractions and were named as: MN-1, MN-2, MN-3, MN-4, MN-5, MN-6, MN-7 and MN-8. Four separate fractions were collected from the MN-1 fraction by preparative thin layer chromatography. These four parts were washed with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Thereafter, these were separated by small column and designated as: M1N1, M1N2, M1N3, M1N4, M2N1, M2N2, M2N3, M2N4, M3N1, M3N2, M3N3, M3N4, M4N1 and M4N2. Fractions of M1N2, M2N2, M3N2 and M4N2 were found to be the most effective against the beetle T. castaneum after 24, 48 and 72 hours. However, some fractions exhibited the moderate effect and other fractions did not work against the beetle.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(2), 143-152, 2015

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF SANTALUM ALBUM SEEDS EXTRACTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Gautam P. Vadnere ◽  
Md. Rageeb Usman ◽  
Santram Lodhi ◽  
Vaishali Patil
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Objective: Present study aimed phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial screening of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Santalum album seeds.Methods: Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts were screened for presence of chemical constituents. Petroleum ether extract was investigated detail by using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. In vitro antimicrobial activity of both extracts were investigated using disc diffusion method on two gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans.Results: Santalbic acid was identified in petroleum ether extract and content determined by HPTLC was 4.7%w/w. It was seen that petroleum ether extract have MIC value for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and C. albicans were 78.125 µg/ml, 19.331 µg/ml, 625 µg/ml & 39.062 µg/ml respectively while MBC was 39.062 µg/ml, 4.882 µg/ml, 312.5 µg/ml & 9.765 µg/ml,  respectively. Petroleum ether extract showed MIC and MBC values for S. aureus was similar as 156.25µg/ml. So, the petroleum ether extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against both gram positive, gram negative and fungal strain.Conclusions: The results of present investigations were indicative of possible high potency of petroleum ether extract due to santalbic acid which could serve as chemotherapeutic agent.

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Two Cladonia Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birkan Açıkgöz ◽  
İskender Karaltı ◽  
Melike Ersöz ◽  
Zeynep M. Coşkun ◽  
Gülşah Çobanoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study explores the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects in culture assays of two fruticose soil lichens, Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. and Cladonia convoluta (Lamkey) Cout., to contribute to possible pharmacological uses of lichens. In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and chloroform extracts against two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans were examined using the paper disc method and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The data showed the presence of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the lichen species. The chloroform extracts exhibited more signifi cant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. However, a higher antifungal activity was noted in the methanol extract of C. rangiformis. The maximum antimicrobial activity was recorded for the chloroform extract of C. convoluta against E. coli. The cytotoxic effects of the lichen extracts on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were evaluated by the trypan blue assay yielding IC50 values of ca. 173 and 167 μg/ml for the extracts from C. rangiformis and C. convoluta, respectively.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT, PRELIMINARY SCREENING AND GC- FID PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AQUEOUS AND PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACTS OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS LEAVES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P Berezi ◽  
E. Mirinn ◽  
P.K. Berezi ◽  
A. E. Soroh
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The Gas Chromatography– Flame lonization Detector (GC-FID) method was employed in this study to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of both the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of phyllanthus amarus leaves. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids Glycosides, Phenols, Saponins, and Tannins. Further analysis revealed a total concentration of Phenol as 82.95mg/100g (4.46%) in the aqueous extract, Tannins 722.77mg/100g(38.82%),Alkaloids was 466.82mg/100(25.07%) while in the petroleum ether extract, Flavonoids was 472.59mg/100g (29.50%), Saponins 12.60mg/100g (0.79%) and Glycosides 18.63mg/100g (1.16%). These results are suggestive that P.amarus is endowed with phytochemicals that contains therapeutic potencies which support its use as traditional remedies for the treatment of variety of ailments.

scholarly journals Some phytochemical analyses of different extracts of the cogon grass Imperata cylindrica from Mizoram, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
P.B. Lalthanpuii ◽  
Zarzokimi ◽  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Räuschel, was studied for its flavonoid and phenol contents. A series of extracts of the underground (rhizome-root) parts was prepared by hot extraction using solvents of different polarities such as chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether. The total flavonoid content of the plant extracts was determined based on the reaction with aluminum chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. Quercetin was used as a standard reference. Chloroform extract showed highest content of flavonoids with 30.88 mg QE/g dry wt., followed by petroleum ether extract which was 22.05 mg mg QE/g dry wt., and methanol extract has the least value with 7.35 mg QE/g dry wt. The total phenolic content of the plant was estimated based on the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as the standard reference. Again, the chloroform extract had the highest content with 7.54 mg GAE/g dry wt., while methanol extract contained 5.03 mg GAE/g dry wt., and petroleum ether extract contained 3.63 mg mg GAE/g dry wt. Our study shows that I. cylindrica is a good source of antioxidants.

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