scholarly journals Tracing the Sources of V.G. Tiesen­hausen in the Arabic Volume on the History of the Golden Horde

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-732
Author(s):  
Ashirbek Muminov ◽  
◽  
Selahaddin Uygur ◽  
Veysal Bulut ◽  
◽  
...  

Research objective and materials: This article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the work carried out on the sources used by Vladimir Tiesenhausen in the compiling the Arabic volume of the “Collection of Materials Relating to the History of the Golden Horde”. Results and novelty of the research: A comparative study of texts extracted by Vladimir G. Tiesenhausen in 1884, with their new editions, presented the following picture: one group of publications represents academic editions with quality translations, accompanied by professionally executed commentaries. Another part of the sources was published based on one part of existing copies. As practice shows, sometimes the older and complete copies of published works remained out of coverage in such publications; their existing editions are not taken into account. The third group of sources is composed of works that remain in manuscript form to the present day. One such work – “al-‘Aylam al-zakhir fi akhbar al-awa’il wa-l-awakhir” by Mustafa ibn Hasan al-Janabi – exists in numerous copies. Searches and the discovery of its copies in Turkish funds show such source studies’ problems as incomplete cataloging of manuscript collections, unprofessional descriptions by compilers of some catalogues, inconsistency in the provided titles of the works and the names of their authors. The autograph (Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Yeni Cami, no. 831) and two full texts (Köprülü Kütüphanesi, Fazıl Ahmet Paşa, nos. 1031, 1032) are of great value in the publication of “al-‘Aylam al-zakhir”. The result is the formation of a creative portrait for the author of a published work and the creation of a complete image for his work on the basis of its copies. This may ensure against potential errors.

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 327-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kokowski

This article investigates the forgotten achievements of Władysław Natanson (1864–1937) related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics. The introductory part of the article presents considerations regarding the methodology of history and the history of exact sciences, and then the divergent research perspectives that can be taken in the description of the history of Bose-Einstein statistics, as well as the author’s integrated approach to this issue, which eliminates the disadvantages of these divergent views. This integrated approach is then used to describe the achievements of Władysław Natanson related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics. These achievements are presented against the background and in the context of discussions which – relatively sporadically – took place among various groups of researchers: historians and philosophers of science, physicists, sociologists of scientific knowledge in the 20th and 21st centuries. These discussions have now been reordered here. They are followed by a presentation of the complete list of Natanson’s publications regarding the subject. Also shown is his strategy to quote reliably the bibliography with regard to the explanation of the distribution of blackbody radiation and related issues. Additionally, a list of scientists who knew Natanson’s publications has been supplemented in the article and the precursorship of Natanson’s achievements is explained. This is followed by a rebuttal of many erroneous or simplified statements about him and his achievements. The already well-known terminological conventions have been recalled: “Bose statistics” and “Bose-Einstein statistics”, as well as recently introduced: “Planck-Bose statistics” (1984), “Natanson’s statistics” (1997)”, “Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2005), “Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2011), and “Natanson statistics” (2013). New terminological conventions have been introduced: “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics” and “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics”. A side effect of this research is a discovery that Robert K. Merton – the author of the label ‘Matthew effect’ – chose the name of the effect using erroneous premises and the effect should therefore be named after its actual discoverer. The article is accompanied by four appendixes: the first presents reflections on the methodology of historiography and historiography of exact sciences, the second – a commentary on the use of the terms: “Bose statistics”, “Bose-Einstein statistics”, “Einstein-Bose statistics” and “Planck-Bose statistics”, the third – a very important letter by Max Planck to Władysław Natanson (of 25 January 1913), and the fourth – the excerpts of two letters from Sommerfeld to Rubinowicz (of 1 October 1919 and 1 November 1919). Rozbieżne historie statystyki Bosego-Einsteina i zapomniane osiągnięcia Władysława Natansona (1864–1937) Abstrakt Artykuł bada zapomniane osiągnięcia Władysława Natansona (1864–1937) związane z powstaniem statystyki Bosego-Einsteina. W części wstępnej artykułuwskazano rozbieżne perspektywy badawcze, jakie przyjmowano w opisie historii statystyki Bosego-Einsteina, a także autorskie zintegrowane ujęcie tego zagadnienia, które eliminuje wady tych rozbieżnych perspektyw. Wspomniane zintegrowane ujęcie zastosowano następnie do opisania osiągnięć Władysława Natansona (1864–1937), związanych z powstaniem statystyki Bosego-Einsteina. Dokonania Natansona przedstawiono na tle i w kontekście dyskusji, jakie toczyły się (stosunkowo sporadycznie) wśród różnych grup badaczy: historyków i filozofów nauki, fizyków, socjologów wiedzy naukowej w XX i XXI w. Dyskusje uporządkowano oraz przedstawiono kompletną listę publikacji Natansona dotyczących omawianego zagadnienia. Wskazano także strategię rzetelnego cytowania przez Natansona bibliografii dotyczącej wyjaśnienia rozkładu promieniowania ciała doskonale czarnego i pokrewnych zagadnień; uzupełniono listę naukowców, którzy znali publikacje Natansona; skorygowano wiele błędnych lub uproszczonych stwierdzeń na temat Natansona i znaczenia jego publikacji, wyjaśniono kwestię prekursorstwa jego osiągnięć etc. Przypomniano już znane konwencje terminologiczne: „statystyka Bosego” i „statystyka Bosego-Einsteina”, jak również niedawno wprowadzone: „statystyka Plancka-Bosego” (1984), „statystyka Natansona” (1997, 2013), „statystyka Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina” (2005) oraz „statystyka Plancka-Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina” (2011). Wprowadzono nowe konwencje terminologiczne: „statystyka Boltzmanna-Plancka-Natansona” i „statystyka Boltzmanna-Plancka-Natansona-Bosego-Einsteina”. Skutkiem pobocznym tych badań jest odkrycie, iż socjolog Robert K. Merton – autor określenia „efekt św. Mateusza” – wybrał tę nazwę, posługując się błędnymi przesłankami i dlatego należy nazywać ten efekt nazwiskiem jego faktycznego odkrywcy. Do artykułu dołączone są cztery dodatki: pierwszy – przedstawia rozważania z zakresu metodologii historii i historii nauk ścisłych, drugi – komentarz dotyczący użycia terminów: „statystyka Bosego”, „statystyka Bosego-Einsteina”, „statytyska Einsteina-Bosego” oraz „statystyka Plancka-Bosego, trzeci – bardzo ważny list Maxa Plancka do Władysława Natansona z 25 stycznia 1913 r, a czwarty – fragmenty dwóch listów Sommerfelda do Rubinowicza z 1 października 1919 i 1 listopada 1919.


Author(s):  
Peter D. McDonald

This chapter reflects on questions of language, culture, community, and the state via the history of Oxford University (1860 to 1939). After considering Matthew Arnold’s ambivalence about his alma mater, it turns to the quarrel over the identity of the English language between the historian E. A. Freeman and the lexicographer James Murray and its impact on the Oxford English Dictionary. The second section traces this quarrel through the disputes about the creation of the new School of English in Oxford in the 1890s, focusing on the relationship to the established School of Literae Humaniores and the idealist assumptions underpinning the debate. The third section shows what bearing this had on the creation of the International Committee for Intellectual Co-operation, the precursor to UNESCO, in the interwar years. It centres on Gilbert Murray, then Professor of Greek at Oxford, and concludes with his public exchange with Tagore in 1934.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Mahir A Aziz ◽  
Saleem P Elias

This theoretical study tries to illustrate, evaluate and compare Vladimir Lenin and Antonio Gramsci’s views on the state. In doing so the study will try to answer this vital question: to what extent Gramsci’s ideas were dependent upon those of Lenin and more specifically, to what extent is Gramsci’s analysis of the capitalist state ultimately no more powerful than that of Lenin? It should be emphasised that this study has been done according to a comparative methodology of the history of theory applied in the fields of sociology in general and political sociology in particular. Basically, this study has been done according to an explanatory approach applied in both fields of politics and political sociology. This study divided into eight sections. The first section devoted to the introduction. The second section deals with Lenin’s view on the revolution, power and the socialist state. The third section explains Gramsci’s view on the hegemony of the party and the state. Section four treats Gramsci’s view on hegemony and the civil society. Section five, however, is explaining Gramsci’s view on the proletariat, the leadership and the passive revolution. Section six will be dealing with Gramsci’s view on Western countries and his conception of civil society. Section seven evaluates and reviews both Lenin and Gramsci’s theories of the state. The last section presents the conclusion of the study.   


Author(s):  
Mohammed Alobaidy

This research is the last scientific Quranic interpretation - so far - of the issue of plowing between the creation of the fetus and the preparation of the land, and here lies the importance of the research, in its quest to reveal in word and image the modern relations that science sees of the plowing stage that the fetus passes through in its mother's womb, and the plowing stage that passes through It has the seed in the ground, and it is possible that the coming time will reveal new interpretations. The research answered hypothetical questions before the research, and procedural questions, including: Why did the Noble Qur’an express a stage of embryo development with (plowing)? Is there a similarity between it and plowing the land, which is the closest in mind to this word. It was necessary to deal with this research in the beginning to the descriptive and comparative approaches, and then the analytical method later, and it was necessary to deal with the research to divide it into a preamble on the verse of the research (plowing), and three demands, in the first of which we dealt with what is meant by plowing according to the commentators, and in the second what is meant by plowing according to doctors, and in The third is the similarities of the stage of plowing between creating the embryo and preparing the soil for cultivation, then a conclusion and results with the most prominent recommendations.


Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Kolysheva ◽  

One of the important questions in bulgakovian studies is connected with the space of “the eternal house”, peace, which the master had deserved. The author of this paper try to understand the writer’s intention based on a textual analysis of the novel. In our work, we rely on the system of editions of the novel that we have established and its main text, reflecting the last creative will of the author to the fullest extent [1]. The line “The Master – Margarita” is outlined in drafts of the 1931 novel and is developed in its second edition (1932–1936). The third (1936) and fourth (1937) editions are incomplete — they don’t have the episodes considered in this paper. Therefore, our study uses the texts of drafts of 1931, the second, fifth (last handwritten, 1937–1938) and the sixth (final, 1938–1940) editions of the novel. The draft texts are conveyed by dynamic transcription, which will make visible the process of writer’s work on the creation and allow us to see the formation of the author’s intention. Graphic conventions are used for this: a piece of text crossed out by the writer — [text]; an insert during the writing process — text; an insert crossed out — [text]; a later insert — {text}; a later insert crossed out — {text}; a conjecture — <text>; reliability of the transmitted author’s text — <sic>; the end of a page and the transition to the next one are indicated by two straight vertical lines ||.


Author(s):  
Floribert Patrick C. Endong

Most scholars' perspectives on e-government development in Africa have tended to be monolithic. This has been irrespective of the fact that African nations have been adopting relatively different approaches to e-governance. Though the dominant tendency among them has been to struggle to have a certain amount of web presence through the creation of e-government web portals, each African country has designed its own (customized) e-government initiatives. It will therefore be very interesting to explore the extent to which the prospects and challenges of e-governance in Africa have been varying across countries. This chapter attempts to fill this gap in knowledge through a comparative study of e-government implementation in Nigeria and Cameroon. The chapter is divided into three main parts. The first part provides a conceptual definition and a brief history of e-government. The second part explores the phenomena of ICTs and e-governance in Africa while the last part provides a comparative perspective on the implementation of e-government in Nigeria and Cameroon.


2020 ◽  
pp. 662-677
Author(s):  
Floribert Patrick C. Endong

Most scholars' perspectives on e-government development in Africa have tended to be monolithic. This has been irrespective of the fact that African nations have been adopting relatively different approaches to e-governance. Though the dominant tendency among them has been to struggle to have a certain amount of web presence through the creation of e-government web portals, each African country has designed its own (customized) e-government initiatives. It will therefore be very interesting to explore the extent to which the prospects and challenges of e-governance in Africa have been varying across countries. This chapter attempts to fill this gap in knowledge through a comparative study of e-government implementation in Nigeria and Cameroon. The chapter is divided into three main parts. The first part provides a conceptual definition and a brief history of e-government. The second part explores the phenomena of ICTs and e-governance in Africa while the last part provides a comparative perspective on the implementation of e-government in Nigeria and Cameroon.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Azarov

The present article deals with a comparative study of the two periods of G. D. Grebenshchikov’s creative activity – in Russia and abroad. It examines the biography of the writer, his memoirs, analyzes the history of the creation of the most famous works, their artistic features. It is noted that his epic “The Churaevs” is an attempt to comprehend the historical fate of Russia in the pre-revolutionary and revolutionary periods. It is shown that G. D. Grebenshchikov’s attitude to the problem of the development of society and the improvement of the individual was based on the denial of class morality in combination with utopian perception of the future of Russia. At the same time, different assessments of his works are given in Russian Émigré literary criticism, which was pointed to both their advantages and disadvantages.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Maciej Junkiert

This article aims to examine the Polish literary reception of the French Revolution during the period of Romanticism. Its main focus is on how Polish writers displaced their more immediate experiences of revolutionary events onto a backdrop of ‘ancient revolutions’, in which revolution was described indirectly by drawing on classical traditions, particularly the history of ancient Greeks and Romans. As this classical tradition was mediated by key works of German and French thinkers, this European context is crucial for understanding the literary strategies adopted by Polish authors. Three main approaches are visible in the Polish reception, and I will illustrate them using the works of Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). My comparative study will be restricted to four works: Krasiński's Irydion and Przedświt (Predawn), Słowacki's Agezylausz (Agesilaus) and Norwid's Quidam.


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