God’s Providence and the Plurality of Religions

The ‘Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together’, co-signed on 4 February 2019 by Pope Francis and the Grand Imam of Al Azhar, Ahmad Al-Tayeb, states: ‘The pluralism and the diversity of religions, colour, sex, race and language are willed by God in His wisdom, through which He created human beings.’ The article presents the starting points of correct hermeneutics of this statement. It points out that it is a positive reformulation of the anti-discrimination human rights declarations, which list the criteria according to which people cannot be discriminated. It shows the compatibility of the statement with the Quran, which presupposes a plurality of successive and graded revelations of God and religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It then represents the reactions with which Catholic theologians responded to the statement: the accusation of the Pope of heresy; the claim that while God’s creative will has instilled a natural religion in human beings, it does not positively seek a plurality of religions; the claim that non-Christian religions are an evil by which God allows to achieve greater good; the claim that all religions are wanted by God’s Providence in what is true, good, and beautiful in them as the preparation for the salvation of man in the encounter with Christ. In the end, it discusses the idea of St. John Paul II, who, for several years before the creation of the Abu Dhabi declaration, combined this last idea with the work of the Holy Spirit.

Youth Empowerment, Wealth Creation and Security as Key to National Development

This paper examined youth empowerment, wealth creation and security as key to national development. The paper was guided by three objectives viz-a-viz; finding out how the empowerment of youth enhances national development, determining how wealth creation in the country is capable of enhancing national development and examining the role security play in entrenching national development. Reviews of literature were carried out in line with the objectives of the study using secondary data as method of data collection. The paper concluded that youth empowerment, wealth creation and national security enhance a nation’s positive and sustainable development. The paper suggested that government should make youth empowerment and wealth creation process in the country seamless so that majority of her unemployed youth can key into the scheme to uplift self and enhance national development. Also, the government should make national security a priority at all times. This is because without adequate security in the country, the zeal to be creative will be discouraged, investment will be limited, thus making development of the country to be stagnated as interested persons and organizations will be scared to invest. Keywords: Youth Empowerment, Wealth Creation, Security, National Development

The space of “the eternal house” in the creative history of M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “Master and Margarita”

One of the important questions in bulgakovian studies is connected with the space of “the eternal house”, peace, which the master had deserved. The author of this paper try to understand the writer’s intention based on a textual analysis of the novel. In our work, we rely on the system of editions of the novel that we have established and its main text, reflecting the last creative will of the author to the fullest extent [1]. The line “The Master – Margarita” is outlined in drafts of the 1931 novel and is developed in its second edition (1932–1936). The third (1936) and fourth (1937) editions are incomplete — they don’t have the episodes considered in this paper. Therefore, our study uses the texts of drafts of 1931, the second, fifth (last handwritten, 1937–1938) and the sixth (final, 1938–1940) editions of the novel. The draft texts are conveyed by dynamic transcription, which will make visible the process of writer’s work on the creation and allow us to see the formation of the author’s intention. Graphic conventions are used for this: a piece of text crossed out by the writer — [text]; an insert during the writing process — text; an insert crossed out — [text]; a later insert — {text}; a later insert crossed out — {text}; a conjecture — <text>; reliability of the transmitted author’s text — <sic>; the end of a page and the transition to the next one are indicated by two straight vertical lines ||.

PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI DESA ULAK PANDAN KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU

Abstrak Setiap wilayah tentu memiliki sumber daya alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk diolah dan dijadikan sumber pendapatan. Sumber daya alam yang baik adalah sumber daya alam yang tidak dijual mentah namun harus diolah dan dijadikan suatu produk sehingga nilai guna dan nilai ekonomis dari sumber daya alam tersebut menjadi tinggi. Sesuai dengan undang-undang, salah satu unsur yang bertugas untuk mengolah dan mengembangkan potensi sumber daya alam untuk memiliki nilai yang tinggi adalah desa. Desa memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk menentukan kemana arah pengelolaan sumber daya yang mereka miliki. Desa yang aktif dan kreatif akan memaksimumkan potensi sumber daya alam yang mereka miliki sehingga mendatangkan nilai ekonomi yang dapat mensejahteraan warganya. Munculnya desa mandiri dan desa yang maju dimulai dari pemahaman yang benar akan potensi sumber daya alam yang dimiliki dan mulai mengolahnya dengan tepat dan terencana. Untuk itu kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilakukan, agar dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan membuka pola pikir para perangkat dan warga desa tentang bagaimana cara mengembangkan potensi sumber daya alam yang ada didesa mereka. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dengan metode presentasi dan diskusi bertempat di aula desa. Hasil dari pengabdian ini akan menyimpulkan potensi apa yang dimiliki oleh desa ulak pandan dan bagaimana cara agar desa ulak pandan mengembangkan potensi yang telah mereka miliki tersebut, dengan harapan agar desa ulak pandan dapat menjadi desa yang lebih maju dimasa yang akan datang. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, Potensi, Sumber Daya Alam, Desa Abstract Each region certainly has natural resources that can be used by the community to be processed and used as a source of income. Good natural resources are not sold raw but must be processed and made into a product so that the economic value of these natural resources are high. Based on rules, one of the elements in charge of cultivating and developing natural resource potentials to have high value is the village. Villages have a very important role in determining how to manage their resources. Villages that are active and creative will maximize the potential of their natural resources to bring economic value and welfare of their citizens. The emergence of independent villages and developed villages started from a correct understanding of their natural potential resources and began to process them appropriately and well planned. For this reason, this community service activity is carried out, in order to increase the understanding and open the mindset of the apparatus and villagers on how to develop the natural potential resources in their village. This community service activity is carried out by means of presentation and discussion methods taking place in the village hall. The results of this service will conclude what potential the ulak pandan village has and how to make the ulak pandan village develop their natural potential resources with the hope that the ulak pandan village can become a more advanced village in the future. Keywords: Development, Potential, Natural Resources, Village

Ivan Buninʼs prose works. An approach to the choice of copy texts for a critical edition

This article discusses the choice of copy texts to serve as the basis of a critical edition of Ivan Bunin's prose works. The issue of choosing copy texts has been most thoroughly dealt with in regard to Bunin's poetry, while the text criticism of his prose works is still at an early stage. The multiple stages Bunin's works went through both before and after their publication require methods of presenting his texts to be elaborated which take into consideration both his own work on them and their impact on literary history and on contemporary readers and critics. The present article embodies a first general approach to this subject and outlines a variety of possible solutions to the problems raised. Four groups of Bunin's prose works are examined — those from his early, pre-revolutionary and émigré periods, and those he left unpublished — and an approach to choosing copy texts for each group is explained. A suitable volume structure in a future critical edition of Bunin's works is described. Problems posed by the correct dating of Bunin's stories are analyzed in relation to their chronological position within a future critical edition and the choice of copy texts for them. The basic principles underlying the choice of copy texts of Bunin's prose for a complete scholarly critical edition of his works are presented in conclusion. The article emphasizes that it is impossible to fulfill the last creative will of the author due to the incompleteness of his work with his legacy (selection of works for future editions, uncoordinated editing).

Sublime in the works of Djura Jaksic

Some artists related to romanticism - like Djura Jaksic - were able to create a number of valuable works, in spite of the unfavourable environment - not being welcome, or being ignored - in spite of personal handicaps, as being poor, or sick - they would continue to create until their last days, without compromising. So, on one side we see their vulnerability and being subject to strong emotions, and on the other side an ironlike creative determination, ready to sacrifice the person, and its physical and emotinal wellbeing, if that is the price for creating sublime and majestic art-works. His works - poetry, as well as paintings - confirm a strong creative will - a will to create and articulate his work at any cost, and even at the cost of life, readiness of the artist to sacrifice himself for sublime art. In Romanticism, sublime permeates artists? personality, and mirrors in his creative impulse, and it also permeates his works, choice of topics and their processing.

Ridge, Lola (1873–1941)

A proletarian modernist, the poet Lola Ridge is best known for her work published between 1918 and 1922, which coincided with her editorship of Broom and Others. She is also known for her salon in New York that hosted most of the leading poets of the time, including Marianne Moore, William Carlos Williams, and Hart Crane. Four years before Eliot's bleak and anti-Semitic ‘The Waste Land’, her equally long poem ‘The Ghetto’ celebrated the ‘otherness’ of the Jewish Lower East Side, chronicling an era and prophesying the multi-ethnic world of the twenty-first century. She was one of the first to delineate the life of the poor in Manhattan and, in particular, women’s lives in New York City. The title poem of her second book, Sun-up and Other Poems is a striking modernist depiction of child's interior life. Harriet Monroe, founder of Poetry, and William Rose Benet, founder of Saturday Review of Literature, called Ridge a genius. Her poem ‘Brooklyn Bridge’ greatly influenced Hart Crane, and her late work shared Crane's concerns with archaic language and mysticism. Her 1919 speech, ‘Woman and the Creative Will’, anticipated Virginia Woolf's A Room of Her Own by 10 years.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIK SISWA SMP DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT PADA MATERI SEGIEMPAT DAN SEGITIGA

Thinking creative is a thinking process which to produce kinds of idea possibility and the way widely and many to completed a problem, when applied thinking creative, will produce many useful ideas to find the resolver. Creative connects with finding something, about the thing that produces something new with using something that has been there. Research methods will use is descriptive qualitative. As for the sample in this research are seventh grade with high ability, medium and low in Kabupaten Bandung Barat. For the instrument test thinking, the creative ability will deliver to students are five question and following with interview in each student. Then, the results obtained was the level of their thinking creative ability according to their writing test and results of the interview with the low-level students. Next, this research is parts of my research paper will be careful.

Installation or Conceptual Art Project with the Ceramics Phenomenon, but How and when?

With its formation, going back to thousands of years ago, ceramic is a material fact that the human beings obtain from earth for their emergency needs at first and by time for their different rituals and artistic requirements. Whether it is primitive or developed, ceramic formation requires energy and technology. And once ceramic is obtained, it resists time for thousands of years. Therefore, we have to be very selective when making ceramics. As ceramic artists, we always feel the breath of the tradition of thousands of years on our necks even if we want or not. Contemporary art trends show up one after another and disappear after a while. Meanwhile, “Is ceramic an art or a craft?” discussions are brought to agenda. Ceramic artists with a contemporary art education background may tend to keep up with the contemporary art trends because of the pressure caused by these discussions and the dominance of tradition. Among these art movements, Concept Art and Installation under its context still maintain their currency as the most long-lasting one in recent years. Concept is a most important part of the Conceptual Art Project. All materials or finished products that are created or will be created can be an expression tool for the artists. There is no limit here. However, knowing ceramic fact well can provide the ceramic artist with a chance to differentiate. For this reason, I believe that the ceramic artist’s concern should be creating ideas that underline being different in the context of ceramic. Using ceramics will be more meaningful if the ceramic object used in the artwork can not be replaced by another object and if the concept changes when the ceramic object is replaced... Ceramic object should challenge as follows: “This concept can be expressed only if I am used here. ” ….. Forcing ceramic artist to be more creative will prevent the artist from imitation of an ordinary concept art or installation and will add variety to concept art by creating remarkable difference. Surely, this requires a more powerful mind exercise. However, this is the only way ceramic and ceramic artist can accomplish their mission and underline the difference.