scholarly journals Old Believers Wanderers in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century (Based upon Reports of Kargopol Missionaries)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Maxim Pulkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World

The article discusses the patterns of everyday life of the Old Believerswanderers in the territory of Kargopol district of the Olonets province. It draws upon new archival materials of church and secular origin, as well as a number of significant works by the missionaries. The study explores peculiarities of the wanderers’ worldview, the forms and methods of their preaching activity, and the structure of their communities. The wonderers’ teaching was deeply eschatological, which led to a complete break with “the world of Antichrist”. The study provides a detailed description of the everyday life of the wanderers. An important feature in the life of these communities was constant and intensive ties between territories where their co-religionists were present. Particular attention is paid to the problems of mutual perception and confrontation between the wanderers and government representatives (police and clergy). The wanderers’ activities, in spite of their eschatological attitudes, showed in fact their intense involvement with the outside world.

scholarly journals Cenas da precariedade de ontem e de hoje | Scenes of the precariousness of yesterday and today

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
José Edilson Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Politics

ResumoA partir de uma crônica de Bráulio Tavares, este artigo reflete sobre cenas da precariedade de ontem e de hoje. A primeira cena está em Lima Barreto, em Recordações do escrivão Isaías Caminha, ao referir a Revolta da Vacina no Rio de Janeiro do século XX, comparada às manifestações de 2013 e 2014 no país; a segunda é a espetacularização da mídia sobre as manifestações de rua em 2013 e 2014, e sobre o processo de impedimento do mandato presidencial de Dilma Rousseff em 2015; a terceira é uma cena da vida cotidiana de uma moça de Brasília em outubro de 2014. As três situações revelam o mundo da classe trabalhadora e seu desamparo em meio ao espetáculo midiático.Palavras-chave: Trabalho. Mídia. Política. Espetáculo. AbstractFrom a chronicle by Bráulio Tavares, this paper reflects about scenes of the precariousness of yesterday and today. The first scene is in Lima Barreto’s novel Recordações do escrivão Isaías Caminha (Memories of the scrivener Isaías Caminha), when referring to the Vaccine Revolt in the Rio de Janeiro of the 20th century, compared to the manifestations of 2013 and 2014 in Brazil; the second is about the media spectacularization of the street manifestations between 2013 e 2014 in Brazil, and also on Dilma Rousseff's impeachment process in 2015; the third one is from the everyday life of a girl from Brasília in October of 2014. All those three situations reveal the world of the working class and its helplessness in the face of the media spectacularization.Keywords: Work. Media. Politics. Spectacle.

scholarly journals Szerb hadifoglyok Bihar vármegyében, 1914–1920

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Oszkár Gorcsa
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Treatment ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Great War

The World War can be justifiably called the great seminal catastrophe of the 20th century, because the war that should have ended every further war, just disseminated the seeds of another cataclysm. From this point of view it is comprehensible why lots of historians deal with the named period. Numerous monographies and articles that deal with the destructing and stimulating eff ect of the Great War have seen the light of day. However, the mentioned works usually have serious defi cenceis, as most of them deal only with the battlefi elds, and a small proportion deals with the question of everyday life and hinterland, and the ordeals of the POWs are superfi cially described. In case of Hungary, the more serious researches related to POWs only started at the time of the centenary. This is why we can still read in some Serbian literatures about the people annihilating endeavors of the „huns” of Austria–Hungary. My choice of subject was therefore justified by the reasons outlined above. In my presentation I expound on briefly introducing the situations in the austro–hungarian POW camps. Furthermore, the presentation depicts in detail the everyday life, the medical and general treatment, clothing supply, the question of the minimal wages and working time of the prisoner labour forces. Lastly, I am depicting the problem of escapes and issues dealing POWs marriage and citizenship requests.

The Image of the Orthodox Clergy in Russian Genre Painting of the 19th and Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Sankova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Genre Painting ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

The article traces the transformation of the artistic public's view on the clergy and their place in the life of Russia on the basis of the images of priests created by domestic masters of the genre in the 19th – early 20th centuries. Genre painting originated in Russia in the second quarter of the 19th century and allowed artists to move away from symbolic academic themes and turn to subjects from the everyday life of their contemporaries. However, as a rule, there was no place for the clergy in those works. The exception was the work of A.G. Venetsianov, who was at the root of the creation of genre painting in Russia. In the period of liberal reforms, the church was viewed as something reactionary and clergy was often portrayed in sharply satirical or comic situations (V.G. Perov, F.S. Zhuravlev). In the post-reform period and with the development of realistic worldview, the images of the priest lost their comic focus on the canvases of K.A. Savitsky, G.G. Myasoedov and I.E. Repin. Late 19th and early 20th centuries for the Russian culture was the period of searching spirituality and coming to understand approaching social upheavals in Russian culture, which was clearly demonstrated by M.V. Nesterov's turn to depicting the image of a priest. His disciple P.D. Korin, who witnessed active persecution of the church in the early 1920s, emphasized in his famous, but unfinished portraits of priests the heroic resistance of the clergy to impending persecution. It is important to say that after decades the artist did not get back to the unfinished canvas, since the situation in the country changed, and the genre of the painting changed to historical.

scholarly journals Traditional Law and Russian Peasantry

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Pavel Viktorovich Erin ◽  
Natalia Vladimirovna Melekhova ◽  
Vadim Pavlovich Nikolashin
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Moral Perspective ◽  
The Everyday

This article analyzes the application of customary law in peasant legal pro-ceedings. The authors consider reasons for the domination of customary law in the everyday life of peasants in the early 20th century. They also determine the causes of the declining authority of customs in legal regulation. Law becomes the most convenient tool for resolving legal disputes. The paper presents the attitude to the customary law of leading lawyers and public officials and re-veals different viewpoints on the problem under consideration. The analysis of these positions enables researchers to consider the attitude to legal norms in modern society from a moral perspective.  

scholarly journals Colando fragmentos do mundo da vida social: recortes do cotidiano de camponeses do baixo tocantins paraense

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (57) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitória Mendes Alves ◽  
Israel Martins Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Life World ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Sensory Ethnography ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Learning ◽  
The Relationship

Este ensaio visual trata do mundo da vida cotidiana de camponeses agroextrativistas no Pará, especificamente no baixo Tocantins, região das ilhas do município de Mocajuba. Segue o método da etnografia sensorial, discute a relação entre corpo, ambiente e formas de aprendizagem técnica com a virtuosidade dos indicadores socioambientais e argumenta que tais técnicas não são transmitidas, mas ensinadas e aprendidas por meio de um complexo engajamento sensorial com o ambiente.Palavras-chave: Camponeses agroextrativistas. Cotidiano. Trabalho. Etnografia Sensorial. Corpo. Ambiente.  Glueing fragments of the world of life: cuttings from the daily life of peasants from downtown Tocantins paraense Abstract: This visual essay deals with the respect of the everyday life world of agro-extractivist peasants in Pará, specifically in the lower Tocantins, region of the islands of the municipality of Mocajuba. It follows the method of sensory ethnography, discusses the relationship between body, environment and forms of technical learning with the virtuosity of socio-environmental indicators and argues that such techniques are not transmitted, but taught and learned through a complex sensory engagement with the environmentKeywords: Agroextractive peasants. Daily. Work. Sensory Ethnography. Body. Environment.

Russian Empire’s Religious Institutions in the 18th - Early 20th Century: The Evolution of “Friend - Alien - Foe” Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-31
Author(s):  
Alexandre Yu. Bendin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The Russian governments three principal institutions to regulate the empires diverse religions from the 18th to the early 20th century are examined. Its author describes the evolution of these bodies, their features and purpose, as well as defining the concept of religious security by analyzing its specific historical content. The author also discusses the relationship between the institutions of the official Russian Church, religious tolerance for foreign confessions, and discrimination against the Old Believers through the prism of friend - alien - foe relations. This approach helps us understand the hierarchical nature of the relations and contradictions that existed between the institutions, whose activities regulated the religious life of the Russian Empires subjects until 1905. The article goes on to analyze the relationship between the official legal status of the Russian Church, imperial tolerance, and religious discrimination. It concludes that the formation of the three state-religious institutions that began in the 18th century ended during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I. That time saw the beginning of the gradual evolution of friend - alien - foe inter-institutional relations, which peaked under Emperor Nicholas in 1904-1906. The author also considers the changes in the governments policy towards the Russian schism of the 17th century, which ultimately removed the friend-or-foe opposition in the relations between the Russian state, the Russian Church and the schismatic Old Believers. In accordance with the modernized legislation on religious tolerance, lawful Old Believers and sectarians moved from the category of religious and political foes to that of aliens, to which foreign confessions traditionally belonged. Under the new legal and political conditions, intolerance and religious discrimination against the schism ceased to be an instrument of state policy.

11. Is Marx still relevant?

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Proletarian Revolution

By the early 20th century, Marxism was the dominant ideology of the left, especially in Europe. Marxism spread significantly around the world after the two world wars, but Marx’s prominence went into abrupt decline in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, China has been the most significant avowedly Marxist country. ‘Is Marx still relevant?’ considers whether Marx’s views are still relevant when dealing with worldwide inequality, global financial crises, the age of globalization, and climate change. It concludes that Marx’s ideas about the role that economic interests play in our intellectual and political lives will remain relevant, but that his prediction of the inevitability of a proletarian revolution will not.

Monasticism: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Communities

Monasticism is a social and religious phenomenon that originated in antiquity, which remains relevant in the 21st century. Monasticism: A Very Short Introduction discusses the history of monasticism from the earliest evidence for it, and the different types that have developed. It considers where monasteries are located around the world, and how their settings impact the everyday life and worldview of the monks and nuns who dwell in them. Exploring how monastic communities are organized, this VSI also looks at how all aspects of life are regimented. Finally, it discusses what the stories about saints communicate about monastic identity and ethics, and considers what place there is for monasticism in the modern world.

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