scholarly journals POLARIZATION OF THE SOCIAL-ECONOMIC SPACE AND PROSPECTS OF RURAL AREAS IN THE OLD-DEVELOPED REGIONS OF CENTRAL RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-153
Author(s):  
T. G. Nefedova ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Indrė Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė ◽  
Vilma Karvelytė-Balbierienė

Rural areas cover the largest part of the territory of Lithuania as well as that of the whole Europe. Rural settlements are also the most abundant category in the settlement system of the country. Therefore, their social, economic, and cultural viability- as well as ecologic sustainability playan important role striving towards the goals of sustainable development. During the last years projects promoting various aspects of sustainability are implemented not only in large cities and towns, but also in smaller municipalities, nevertheless many rural settlements still are not influenced by these trends. The tendency of decrease of the population of the country, emigration, migration of young and qualified persons to larger cities and towns, poverty and unemployment cause the threat to the most fragile elements of the rural settlement system, such as steadings, manor residencies and ethnographic village settlements. In order to stop these processes it is necessary to search for means to sustain the social and economic viability of rural settlements. During the last decade significant role of cultural heritage in implementing strategies of sustainable development was universally recognized. It is acknowledged that sustainable preservation, maintenance, and use of cultural heritage, especially immovable, positively influence the social, economic, cultural and even environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Sustainable development opportunities provided by immovable cultural heritage are essential for small rural settlements which are not distinguished by important natural resources or favorable location. In this instance social and cultural viability is as much essential for preservation of immovable cultural heritage of these settlements, as immovable cultural heritage is essential for sustention of their social and economic viability. Nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo įtaka darniam kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių vystymuisi Santrauka Didžiąją Lietuvos, kaip ir visos Europos, teritorijos dalį sudaro kaimo vietovės, o didžiąją dalį gyvenamųjų vietovių – kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės, taigi jų socialinis, eko nominis ir kultūrinis gyvybingumas bei eko loginis tvarumas atlieka lemiamą vaidmenį siekiant šalies darnaus vystymosi tikslų. Pastaraisiais metais darnų vystymąsi skatinantys projektai jau įgyvendinami ne tik didžiuosiuose Lietuvos miestuose, bet ir mažesnėse savivaldybėse, tačiau daugelio kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių šis procesas kol kas nepaliečia. Bendro šalies gyventojų skaičiaus mažėjimo tendencija, emigracija, jaunų ir kvalifikuo tų žmonių migracija į didžiuosius šalies miestus, skurdas ir nedarbo grėsmė kelia sunykimo grėsmę patiems jautriausiems ir kultūriniu požiūriu vertingiausiems šalies kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių sistemos elementams, tokiems kaip vienkieminės sodybos, buvusių dvarų ir palivarkų sodybos ar etnografinės kaimų gyvenvietės. Siekiant sustabdyti šiuos neigiamus socialinius, eko nominius bei kultūriniu procesus, būtina ieškoti būdų, kaip užtikrinti kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių socialinį bei eko nominį gyvybingumą. Pastaraisiais metais pasaulyje vis aiškiau suvokiamas kultūros paveldo vaidmuo darnaus vystymosi kontekste. Visuotinai pripažįstama, jog kultūros paveldo, ypač nekilnojamojo, apsauga, priežiūra bei naudojimas turi teigiamos įtakos darniam vystymuisi socialinėje, eko nominėje, kultūrinėje ir kt. dimensijose. Nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo teikiamos darnaus vystymosi galimybės itin reikšmingos nedidelėms, išskirtinių gamtinių išteklių neturinčioms bei patogia geografine padėtimi nepasižyminčioms kaimo gyvenamosioms vietovėms. Jų socialinis ir eko nominis gyvybingumas kultūros paveldui išsaugoti yra toks pats svarbus, kaip ir kultūros paveldas socialinio ir eko nominio šių gyvenamųjų vietovių gyvybingumo palaikymu.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-284
Author(s):  
I.V. Gal'yanov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Rezvyakov ◽  
N.S. Studennikova ◽  
◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves ◽  
Tacyana Pereira Ribeiro Oliveira ◽  
Ierecê Lucena Rosa

The connection between eating and healing is common in traditional folk medical systems, and the multiple possibilities resulting from the combination of biodiversity and culture confer a wealth and complexity in terms of knowledge of the flora and fauna as to their potential as food medicine. The growing awareness of the links between traditional therapeutic-alimentary uses of wildlife and conservation has drawn attention to the gaps in knowledge on the social, economic, and biological contexts in which different forms of traditional wildlife uses take place, particularly with regard to zootherapeutic resources. In this study we interviewed 124 merchants and 203 traditional users of animal-derived remedies in Brazil, aiming at documenting the animal species used as foods and medicines in urban and rural areas of the country. At least 354 wild animal species are used in Brazilian traditional medicine, of which 157 are also used as food. The high degree of overlap between medicinal and alimentary uses of wild animals highlights the importance of understanding the socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological contexts in which those traditional uses take place for elucidating their potential impact on public health and biodiversity conservation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Michael Shadrack Mangula ◽  
Joseph A. Kuzilwa ◽  
Simon S. Msanjila ◽  
Isack A. Legonda

Energy access plays a crucial role in enhancing the social-economic development among the household members in any nation. Notwithstanding the role of energy access in improving the livelihood of people, the problem of energy access has revealed to be more serious in rural areas of Tanzania. The increased in problem of energy access in rural areas of the developing countries is due to the absence of a unified set of indicators for measuring the energy access to rural households from developing countries including Tanzania. This study therefore, aimed at determining the indicators of energy access in rural areas of Tanzania.The study employed Cross- sectional type of the research design to collect data from 384 heads of household from the rural areas of Njombe and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Moreover, the Quantitative Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component analysis and varimax method was employed to determine the indicators of energy access. The identified indicators using exploratory Factor Analysis was further confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The study findings revealed that, the indicators for measuring the provision of energy access to rural households in developing countries including Tanzania ranked based on its importance are: availability, affordability, durability, efficient, no production of smokes, easy to use and ability to keep cooking facilities clean.Based on these findings, the study concludes that, indicators of energy access are important in enhancing the social economic development and improvement of the livelihood of people in rural areas. In the light of this conclusion the study recommends to government energy experts and other practitioners of to use the identified indictors when measuring energy access to rural households in Tanzania in order to improve the livelihood and their standard of living.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-182
Author(s):  
Rahmatoolah Bahrami ◽  
◽  
Kamran Noori ◽  

Life expectancy at birth is one of the most important indicators of the social, economic, cultural, and health development in any society. This descriptive epidemiological study aims to measure life expectancy by age and gender in rural areas of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Data were collected directly using mortality information obtained from the health center of Kurdistan Province and the registered population in 2013. The findings showed that life expectancy is different in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. Life expectancy at birth in rural areas of the Province was estimated at 70.6 years on average, where it was 72 years for women and 69.3 years for men. The highest life expectancy of men is in Saqez city with 70.6 and the lowest in Kamyaran and Devandarah city with 68.6 years. The highest life expectancy is estimated in rural women with 74 years in Baneh city and the lowest in Dehgolan city with 69.9 years, respectively. The results showed different years of life expectancy in terms of gender in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. The national average life expectancy is about 2 years higher than that in rural areas of Kurdistan Province. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the life expectancy in these Province via fair distribution of facilities and services and prioritizing its rural areas in health planning.


Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pande Made Kutanegara

Every society collectively develops a certain system or institution which can be used to solve various problems in their life. The rural Javanese society has developed an activity to assist one another, either in the form of service, goods or money. This kind of activity is a social security system that is very important to them. This activity holds two meanings. First, it is a tool to reduce the burden of others, and the second is it creates and enhances the social solidarity of the group. In this context, helping one another has changed the feeling of insecurity to security among group of people. During a social, economic, and cultural transformation process in the Javanese rural areas, it turns out that this model of assisting one another is not always successful. On the contrary, it has created the feeling of insecurity among groups in society, especially the poor.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
V. Blazheva

More and more companies are striving to provide fresh food production in the immediate vicinity of major cities, thus shortening the supply chain for the end user. According to FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisaton), about 800 million people worldwide cultivate different crops in and around cities, which means that 20% of the world's urban population is in one form or another occupied in urban agriculture (1). Rural areas make up half of Europe's territory and employ around 20% of the population. (2). Due to this reason, the attention is drawn to the contrast between the urban agriculture and the rural economy. The aim is to explore and reveal the "urban agriculture - rural economy" relation. The methods of the present study are scientific research methods: comparative analysis method, induction and deduction method, retrospective analysis and others; illustrative methods - tables, figures and others. In terms of expected outcomes, this article focuses on highlighting the social, economic and environmental aspects of the emergence of the correlation between urban agriculture and the rural economy. The final part focuses on the challenges of theurban agriculture and the rural economy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Gusakov

Despite the wide popularity of the Crimean region, its scientific descriptions are full of gaps. In the Soviet period, the research was limited by the unspoken prohibitions on the study of social processes and by the absence of a strong scientific school. After the collapse of the USSR, the Crimean region was considered only in the works on social aspects of migration and on artificial transformations of the ethnic-confessional composition of the population. The change in the status of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 made this region interesting for the Russian science: there are many recent articles on the features of the social-economic development of the peninsula, but a number of issues in the life of Crimea are still poorly understood. One of them is the migration on the peninsula: the historical ethnic migrations are sufficiently described but not the contemporary population movements. Historically, migration processes have played an important role in the social-economic development of Crimea. However, until recently, external migrations were the driver of this development, while since the beginning of the 21st century, migration movements within the peninsula have played this role, and their features should be taken into account in planning and financing the rural development. Rural areas of Crimea remain agrarian-overpopulated; therefore, it is necessary to identify areas promising for capital investment and areas that soon will be depopulated due to the lack of opportunities for human and social capital. The author considers the population exchange between urban and rural areas as an important factor for the demographic situation, and focuses on the reasons and features of the spatial mobility and migration of the Crimean population based on the analysis of statistical data and transport links between the city and the countryside.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4632
Author(s):  
Antoni F. Tulla ◽  
Ana Vera ◽  
Carles Guirado ◽  
Natàlia Valldeperas

Although social farming (SF) has been a successful endeavor in Catalonia over the last 30 years, it has not been visible for part of society, which is largely unaware of its existence. Nevertheless, this study has demonstrated after studying five cases that the social return on investment (SROI) has been significant in rural areas. In this study, five in-depth interviews were carried out, and a general questionnaire was sent to 161 SF projects in Catalonia with a view to analyzing the participation of stakeholders and the returns they have achieved. The SROI method and the benefits to different stakeholders are concisely described. Our main foci are people at risk of social exclusion, their families, and the project promoters, but we also believe it is essential to analyze the administration of projects and the settings in which they take place. It is calculated that there is a social, economic, and environmental return on investment in terms of the benefits to the territory’s sustainable local development at an approximate proportion of three euros for every euro invested. Without a doubt, SF can help to support proximity agriculture, thus favoring its development and viability.


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