scholarly journals ANALISIS BIAYA KESEHATAN KEGIATAN PROMOSI KESEHATAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI TINGKAT PUSKESMAS DALAM MENYUKSESKAN GERAKAN MASYARAKAT HIDUP SEHAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Astridya Paramita ◽  
Lusi Kristiana ◽  
A Yudi Kristanto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost

Primary health care (Puskesmas) are the pioneer of GERMAS movement by health promotion and community empowerment activities (Promkes and PM). Financial support is one of the most important resources to managing activities. The object of this research is to provide information of costs and financial sources of Promkes and PM activities in Puskesmas. This research is a secondary data analysis of Health Cost Research for First Level Health Facility (RPK FKTP) 2015. The unit of analysis is puskesmas which organize Promkes and PM activities. There were 299 puskesmas in 2013 and 302 puskesmas in 2014. The data was analyze descriptively and comparing the amount and percentage of cost Promkes and PM activities in 2013/2014 along with financial resources by characteristics of Puskesmas. The results showed the average cost of organizing the Promkes and PM activities in 2014 is increasing, but the average percentage has decreased. In the period of 2013–2014, the average percentage to managing activities is 7,8%. The main financial source of the program is BOK. This condition occurs throughout the region. The cost of organizing the activities is directly proportional to the FCI category, but is inversely proportional to the IPKM category. Furthermore, in 2014 there is also an increased cost to organize activities in inpatient primary health care (Puskesmas rawat inap) and non-inpatient primary health care (Puskesmas non rawat inap). There is no minimum standard to regulate costing for program. It recommends to set up a minimum budget standard to takes account the categories of FCI and IPKM, arrange indicators to evaluate Promkes and PM activities to generate an ideal budget for Promkes and PM activities at puskesmas for succeeding the Germas movement. Abstrak Puskesmas menjadi ujung tombak keberhasilan GERMAS melalui kegiatan wajib promosi kesehatan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat (Promkes dan PM). Dukungan anggaran menjadi salah satu sumber daya penting penyelenggaraan kegiatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberi informasi besaran biaya dan sumber dana penyelenggaraan kegiatan Promkes dan PM di Puskesmas. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut data sekunder Riset Pembiayaan Kesehatan Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (RPK FKTP) 2015. Unit analisis adalah puskesmas yang menyelenggarakan kegiatan Promkes dan PM yaitu 299 puskesmas di tahun 2013 dan 302 puskesmas di tahun 2014. Analisa data secara deskriptif dan komparasi terhadap besaran dan rerata persentase biaya tahun 2013/2014, sumber dana, dengan memperhatikan karakteristik Puskesmas. Hasil menginformasikan rerata biaya penyelenggaraan kegiatan Promkes dan PM tahun 2014 mengalami pertambahan, namun penurunan dalam rerata persentase biaya. Pada periode tahun 2013–2014, rerata persentase biaya penyelenggaraan adalah 7,8%. Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan (BOK) merupakan sumber dana utama. Tahun 2014 seluruh regional mengalami pertambahan biaya penyelenggaraan, namun penurunan dalam rata-rata persentase biaya. Besar anggaran penyelenggaraan kegiatan berbanding lurus dengan kategori FCI, namun berbanding terbalik dengan kategori IPKM. Tahun 2014, biaya penyelenggaraan kegiatan pada puskesmas non rawat inap dan puskesmas perairan atau di daerah terpencil bertambah. Belum ada peraturan standar minimal anggaran kegiatan Promkes dan PM. Disarankan perlu ditetapkan standar anggaran yang memperhatikan kategori IPKM dan FCI, penyusunan indikator keberhasilan kegiatan promkes dan PM untuk memperoleh besaran ideal anggaran kegiatan Promkes dan PM di Puskesmas demi keberhasilan GERMAS.  

An Alternative Approach To User Fee Policy In The Primary Health Care Setting Of Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazneen Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
User Fees ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Benefit Principle ◽  
User Fee

The concept of ascribing user fee in health care settings always remained a policy struggle and countries experienced different learning in this regards while implementing user fee at different tiers of health settings. The most exquisite learning among the many country specific evidences related to user fee are the match and mismatch between the equity principle and benefit principle while considering the client perspective. There is an added dimension of quality care which also add more complex dynamics into this concept since the quality care consideration has a double edged perspective both for clients and providers, where which one will get superiority over whom is a great question in health care, especially in the Primary Health care (PHC) of the country. In this reality the appropriate implementation guideline, followed by an appropriate practice of the administrative and management both service oriented and financial are of great importance in this user fee implementation consideration which always remained a challenge in the health care specially in remote care of PHC. This paper attempted a secondary data searching and scoping the available documents of Bangladesh and across the world to find an alternative approach to user fees policy where equity and benefit principle and quality - these three have to be placed in a well-constructed triad in PHC implementation which has been recommended as an alternative policy imperative in approaching user fees for Bangladesh PHC settings.

scholarly journals DRUG COST ANALYSIS ON NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE ERA IN HEALTH SUPPORT FACILITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Satibi Satibi ◽  
Dewa Ayu Putu Satrya Dewi ◽  
Atika Dalili Akhmad ◽  
Novita Kaswindiarti ◽  
Dyah Ayu Puspandari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
Drug Cost ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Primary Health

Objective: In national health insurance (JKN) era, pharmacy can play roles in the form of behind refer pharmacies, or networking pharmacy and clinic pharmacy pratama. Behind refer pharmacies drug cost can be claimed directly to BPJS, meanwhile for the other type of pharmacy have to negotiation first with the primary health care. Drug cost variations in the JKN era affect the profitability of the business pharmacies. This research aims to the drug percentage charges against capitation and variety of drug costs.Methods: This research is analytic observational cross-sectional. This research uses secondary data from a JKN prescription patient. This research was conducted on 6 affiliated pharmacies, 6 networking pharmacies, and 7 clinical pharmacy pratama in DIY. The sampling in this research is by purposive with 8.430 prescriptions. Data drug costs JKN era was analyzed by descriptive statistics and comparative test (Kruskal Wallis test).Results: The result showed that average percentage of drug costs for capitation fee in the networking pharmacy is 13.58% and primary health care is 15.91%. Pharmacy in JKN era has drug cost variations (p=0.000). Drug cost in JKN era depends on the pattern of play roles with the health facilities and BPJS. The average percentage of drug costs against capitation health facilities in networking pharmacy is lower than clinical pharmacy pratama.Conclusions: Drug costs in an era of JKN depending on the pattern of cooperation with health facilities pharmacies and BPJS. The average percentage of the cost of drugs to the pharmacy capitation health facilities in networking lower than clinic pharmacy pratama. Differences in drug costs JKN era influenced by the long days of drug administration, the number of prescription sheets, margin.Keywords: Drug cost analysis, National health insurance (JKN), Pharmacy, Primary health care, Capitation.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Troponin T Testing in the Management of Patients with Chest Pain in the Swedish Primary Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Nilsson ◽  
Per O. Andersson ◽  
Lars Borgquist ◽  
Ewa Grodzinsky ◽  
Magnus Janzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cost

Objective. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical benefit of point-of-care Troponin T testing (POCT-TnT) in the management of patients with chest pain. Design. Observational, prospective, cross-sectional study with followup. Setting. Three primary health care (PHC) centres using POCT-TnT and four PHC centres not using POCT-TnT in the southeast of Sweden. Patients. All patients ≥35 years old, contacting one of the primary health care centres for chest pain, dyspnoea on exertion, unexplained weakness, and/or fatigue with no other probable cause than cardiac, were included. Symptoms should have commenced or worsened during the last seven days. Main Outcome Measures. Emergency referrals, patients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), or unstable angina (UA) within 30 days of study enrolment. Results. 25% of the patients from PHC centres with POCT-TnT and 43% from PHC centres without POCT-TnT were emergently referred by the GP (P=0.011 ). Seven patients (5.5%) from PHC centres with POCT-TnT and six (8.8%) from PHC centres without POCT-TnT were diagnosed as AMI or UA (P=0.369). Two patients with AMI or UA from PHC centres with POCT-TnT were judged as missed cases in primary health care. Conclusion. The use of POCT-TnT may reduce emergency referrals but probably at the cost of an increased risk to miss patients with AMI or UA.

Obtaining the mean relative weights of the cost of care in Catalonia (Spain): retrospective application of the adjusted clinical groups case-mix system in primary health care

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Sicras-Mainar ◽  
Soledad Velasco-Velasco ◽  
Ruth Navarro-Artieda ◽  
Alba Aguado Jodar ◽  
Oleguer Plana-Ripoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Case Mix ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Adjusted Clinical Groups

The cost of screening for hypercholesterolaemia– results from a clinical trial in Swedish primary health care

1993 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Johannesson ◽  
L. Borgquist ◽  
P. Nilsson-Ehle ◽  
B. Jönsson ◽  
T. Ekbom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Cost

Effect of measles immunization on child mortality in rural Gambia

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (S10) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
P. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Alternative Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Widespread Interest ◽  
Immunization Programmes

The Gambia provides an unusual opportunity for the application of cost analysis to health due to a relatively long history of immunization and recent empirical research. The results should apply not only to immunization programmes but also to a variety of types of primary health care in developing countries. In particular, well-based estimates of the cost per case averted and the cost per death prevented by alternative health interventions should prove to be of widespread interest and usefulness.

Penentuan Tarif Layanan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Metode Activity Based Cost System

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Dinik Fitri Rahajeng Pangestuti ◽  
Indah Purbasari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Cost

Background: The result of the morbidity report at 2001, shown that dental and oral health in Indonesia is still become public complaint, it is around 60%, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Dental public health effort to date has yet to be run with optimal due to various constraints, including: limitations of the power, the means of operating costs as well as social and economic conditions of society. Considering these constraints have developed a model of services in the form of a layered service (level of care) according to existing resources, in the form of Primary Health Care (PHC). But this time the tariff is determined by hospitals, especially the private hospitals are still considered high by most of society. In determining the cost of products as the basis for determining the price of the hospital sometimes still use traditional accounting systems that pricing anyway no longer reflects the activity because of the many categories that are not direct. The main difference between the calculation of the product cost of goods of traditional cost accounting by activity-based costing is the amount of cost driver (trigger) is used. In the determination of cost of products with activity-based costing uses the cost drivers in the sum more than in traditional cost accounting systems that use only one or two cost drivers based on the unit.Objective: To determine the differences between determination of dental and oral health service tariff by using Activity Based Cost System and traditional method.Methods: This research was a case study research and how to collect data from the financial reporting RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul about patient visits for examination in dental health polyclinic. Results: The results of this research were the determination of the tariff model of oral health services by using Activity-Based Cost systems, as well as a comparison between traditional fare tariffs and tariff system for Activity Based Cost System. Keywords: tariff, dental and oral health, Primary Health Care, activity based costing, cost driver.

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