scholarly journals Karakteristik Kasus Fatal Akibat Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies di Indonesia 2016 – 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Vivi Setiawaty ◽  
Chita Septiawati ◽  
Endang Burni
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clinical Case Definition

Abstract Rabies is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted to humans by bites or scratches or licks (on damaged skin or mucous membranes) from infected animals, most often dogs. Rabies is endemic in several regions in Indonesia. If untreated, bites of rabies will cause fatal. The aim of this analysis is to explore the characteristics of fatal human cases caused by the bites of rabies transmitting animal in Indonesia in 2016–2017. The collection of human case data with bites of rabies transmitting animals (GHPR) from all provinces of Indonesia in 2016 and 2017 by the zoonotic Subdirectorate, Directorate Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tular Vektor dan Zoonosis (P2PTVZ), Directorat General of Disease Prevention and Control. We analyzed tha characteristics of the provincial which was reported GHPR cases, incubation period, bite location, clinical symptoms, history of vaccination and the demography of fatal GHPR cases. The clinical case definition for GHPR based on the World Health Organization. The results show that GHPR cases were reported from 25 out of 34 provinces. The most frequently reported incubation period is 1-2 month (40.7%). The location of most bites on the legs (37.3%). Most clinical symptoms reported were hydrophobia (76.6%), followed by hypersalivation (64.5%), convulsion (35.5%), photophobia and hyperhidrosis respectively (31.2%). Fever is not the main symptom, only 19.9%. Most fatal GHPR cases do not receive appropriate vaccination post-exposure (VAR). Male as fatal GHPR cases are more often than women with ratio 1.8 to 1 and adult cases more than children. Inconclusions immediate treatment with complete post-exposure vaccination has not been well implemented in reported fatal GHPR cases.  Abstrak Rabies merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonosis yang ditularkan ke manusia melalui gigitan atau goresan atau jilatan (pada kulit yang rusak atau selaput lendir) dari hewan yang terinfeksi, paling sering anjing. Rabies endemis di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Jika tidak ditangani, gigitan hewan rabies dapat menyebabkan kematian. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk memberi informasi karakteristik kasus manusia yang fatal akibat gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR) di Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2016- 2017. Pengumpulan data kasus manusia dengan gigitan hewan penular rabies dari seluruh provinsi Indonesia pada tahun 2016 dan 2017 dilakukan oleh Subdirektorat Zoonosis, Direktorat Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tular Vektor dan Zoonosis (P2PTVZ), Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (P2P). Analisis karakteristik kasus GHPR fatal meliputi aspek provinsi yang melaporkan kasus GHPR, masa inkubasi, lokasi gigitan, gejala klinis, riwayat pemberian vaksinasi dari kasus fatal dan demografi. Definisi kasus GHPR secara klinis berdasarkan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kasus GHPR dilaporkan di 25 dari 34 provinsi. Masa inkubasi yang paling sering dilaporkan yaitu 1-2 bulan (40,7%). Lokasi gigitan terbanyak pada kaki (37,3%). Gejala klinis terbanyak yang dilaporkan hidrofobia (76,6%), diikuti dengan hipersalivasi (64,5%), kejang (35,5%), fotofobia dan hiperhidrosis masing-masing (31,2%). Demam bukan gejala utama, hanya 19,9%. Sebagian besar kasus GHPR fatal tidak mendapatkan vaksinasi pascapajanan (VAR) yang sesuai. Kasus GHPR fatal pada laki-laki lebih banyak daripada perempuan dengan perbandingan 1,8 : 1 dan jumlah orang dewasa lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan anak-anak. Disimpulkan bahwa pengobatan segera dengan pemberian vaksinasi pascapajanan secara lengkap belum dilaksanakan dengan baik pada kasus-kasus GHPR fatal yang dilaporkan.

Organization of restrictive quarantine measures to prevent especially dangerous infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Petr Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Health Regulations

Especially dangerous infections (EDIs) belong to the conditionally labelled group of infectious diseases that pose an exceptional epidemic threat. They are highly contagious, rapidly spreading and capable of affecting wide sections of the population in the shortest possible time, they are characterized by the severity of clinical symptoms and high mortality rates. At the present stage, the term "especially dangerous infections" is used only in the territory of the countries of the former USSR, all over the world this concept is defined as "infectious diseases that pose an extreme threat to public health on an international scale." Over the entire history of human development, more people have died as a result of epidemics and pandemics than in all wars combined. The list of especially dangerous infections and measures to prevent their spread were fixed in the International Health Regulations (IHR), adopted at the 22nd session of the WHO's World Health Assembly on July 26, 1969. In 1970, at the 23rd session of the WHO's Assembly, typhus and relapsing fever were excluded from the list of quarantine infections. As amended in 1981, the list included only three diseases represented by plague, cholera and anthrax. However, now annual additions of new infections endemic to different parts of the earth to this list take place. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has already included more than 100 diseases in the list of especially dangerous infections.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Epidemiologic, Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches of COVID-19: What do We Know?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj ◽  
Morteza Milani ◽  
Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan ◽  
Ziyad Ben Taleb ◽  
Kenneth D Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Available Information

Background: In late December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease (COVID-19) was reported in a number of patients with a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market in China. The World Health Organization officially announced the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. Here, we provided an overview of the epidemiologic, diagnostic and treatment approaches associated with COVID-19.Methods: We reviewed the publications indexed in major biomedical databases by December 20, 2020 or earlier (updated on May 16, 2021). Search keywords included a combination of: COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, Vaccine, and Treatment. We also used available information about COVID-19 from valid sources such as WHO.Results and Conclusion: At the time of writing this review, while most of the countries authorized COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use starting December 8, 2020, there is no a definite cure for it. This review synthesizes current knowledge of virology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic approaches, common treatment strategies, novel potential therapeutic options for control and prevention of COVID-19 infection, available vaccines, public health and clinical implications.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Seroepidemiology Study of Yazd Province, First Peak, Spring 2020: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mirjalili ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Lotfi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dehghani ◽  
Mohsen Mirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Introduction: SARS-COV 19 is a new coronavirus that was reported first time in 30 December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The first case of coronary heart disease in Iran was reported with a definitive test on February 18 in Qom province and the first case in Yazd province on 24 February. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Covid infection on March 11 a pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of COVID 19 in Yazd province. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional population-based study of seroepidemiological type that was conducted to investigate the serological prevalence of Covid-19 in the period of 3 to 20 May 2020 in Yazd Province. Sampling was clustered and it was without age and sex restrictions. Information was collected including demographic information, adherence to health protocols, and history of clinical symptoms of COVID 19."Pishtaz ELISA Kit" was used to evaluate the IgG and IgM antibody titers against Covid 19. Chi-square, analysis of variance and T tests were used via SPSS.version.16 software Results: Mean age of the participants was 34.3± 17.5. Among the study participants, 507 (54.5%) were women. The serological prevalence of definite cases was 14.91% (95% CI: 12.91-16.91%) and suspicious cases were 2.85% (95% CI:1.85-3.85%). Ardakan City with 32% had the highest and Taft, Mehriz, Khatam with 7% had the lowest prevalence of COVID 19 (P <0.05). Conclusion: By June 2020, nearly 18% of the population of the province was definitively or suspiciously infected with COVID 19. Unfortunately, up to 25% of the population does not follow the early prevention protocols of COVID 19.

Evaluation and simplification of the World Health Organization clinical case definition for paediatric AIDS

AIDS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lepage ◽  
Philippe van de Perre ◽  
François Dabis ◽  
Daniel Commenges ◽  
James Orbinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Case Definition

Further experience with the World Health Organization clinical case definition for AIDS in Uganda

AIDS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 462-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Wabwire-Mangen ◽  
David Serwadda ◽  
Neison K. Sewankambo ◽  
Roy D. Mugerwa ◽  
Clive J. Shiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Case Definition

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of the World Health Organization pertussis clinical case definition

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e1072-e1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Mansour Ghanaie ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Abdolreza Esteghamti ◽  
Fateme Falah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Case Definition

Gambaran Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Ca Serviks Dan Perilaku Pencegahan Ca Serviks Di Sma Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Kurniati Yuni Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Birth Control Pills ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT   According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer in develoving countries. In Indonesia, new cases of cervical cancer is 40-45 cases of day. It is estimated every hour, a women died of cervical center. At the general hospital center Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, the incidence of women who had cervical cancer incidence year 2011 women who had cervical cancer incidence are 34 people (48,2%). The following factors increase the chance of cervical cancer in women is infection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), sexsual behavior, family history of cervical cancer, age, mechanism of how oral contraceptives, smoking, income or socioeconomic status, race , unhealthy diet, the cell abnormal, parity, use of the drug DES (Dietilsbestrol), and birth control pills. The purpose of this study is known of adolescents about cervical cancer in SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang year 2016. This study used Analytic Survey with Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all young women students in SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang with the number of 171 respondents. The results showed there were 171 respondents (37.5%) of respondents were knowledgeable, and (62.52%) of respondents who are knowledgeable unfavorable. These results indicate that knowledgeable either less than those less knowledgeable in both the SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Year 2016. From these results, it is expected that more teens can know about cervical cancer so that it can add a lot of insight and knowledge.     ABSTRAK   Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO), setiap dua menit wanita meninggal dunia karena kanker serviks dinegara berkembang. Di Indonesia, kasus baru kanker serviks 40-45 kasus perhari. Di perkirakan setiap satu jam, seorang perempuan meninggal dunia karena kanker serviks. Di rumah sakit umum pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, angka kejadian ibu yang mengalami kanker serviks pada tahun 2011 ibu yang mengalami kejadian kanker serviks terdapat 34 orang (48,2%). Faktor-faktor berikut meningkat kan peluang kanker serviks pada wanita yaitu infeksi Human Papiloma virus (HPV), perilaku seks, riwayat keluarga kanker serviks, umur ,mekanisme bagaimana kontrasepsi peroral, merokok, pendapatan atau status social ekonomi, ras, diet tidak sehat, adanya sel abnormal, paritas, menggunakan obat DES (Dietilsbestrol),dan pil KB. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Diketahuinya pengetahuan remaja tentang Ca Cerviks di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey  analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswi remaja putri di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang dengan jumlah 171 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 171 responden terdapat(37.5 %) responden yang berpengetahuan baik, dan (62.52  %) responden yang berpengetahuan kurang baik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa yang berpengetahuan baik lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan  yang berpengetahuan kurang baik di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016. Dari hasil penelitian ini, Diharapkan remaja bisa lebih banyak mengetahui tentang caserviks sehingga dapat menambah banyak wawasan dan pengetahuan.    

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

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