scholarly journals Identification of Swarna x O. nivara (RPBio4918) advanced backcross lines performing well under acidic soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
A. Debnath ◽  
◽  
M. Rai ◽  
W. Tyagi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Aim: To evaluate a set of ABLs (Advanced Backcross Lines) to identify lines perfoming well under acidic soil and iron toxicity hydroponics conditions. Methodology: A total of 194 ABLs were randomly used in lowland field randomly following augmented experimental design. Selected lines were screened in hydroponics condition using Yoshida’s solution for iron toxicity tolerance. Results: Under field conditions, several deficiencies and toxicities often co-exist, and it becomes difficult to partition the effect of different stresses on the genotypes. Therefore, screening genotypes in artificial hydroponics conditions allows us to dissect the response of a genotype to one particular nutrient toxicity or deficiency. Based on different traits superior, average and inferior performing lines were selected from field condition. Hydroponic experiment was conducted using Yoshida’s solution for iron toxicity screening, different superior and inferior lines were identified based on the parameters like root growth, root and shoot biomass. Four lines K 408, K 455, S 304, S 203 were identified that performed well in both field and Fe toxic hydroponic conditions. Interpretation: The information generated would help to identify suitable parents for breeding program under acidic soils, and the phenotypic data on ABLs may serve as a base for future mapping of loci responsible for yield under acidic soils and iron toxic conditions. Key words: Acidic soil, Advanced backcross lines, Hydroponic condition, Iron toxicity, Seedling stage screening

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of High Potassium and Low Temperature on the Growth and Magnesium Nutrition of Different Tomato Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixia Li ◽  
Zhujun Chen ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Sajjad Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
High K ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
K Concentration

The interaction between potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) in plants has been intensively studied. However, the responses of different tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars to high K levels at low temperatures remained unclear. Herein, a complete randomized hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature (25 °C day/18 °C night vs. 15 °C day/8 °C night) and K concentrations (156 mg·L−1 vs. 468 mg·L−1) on the growth and Mg nutrition of tomato cultivars Gailiangmaofen (MF) and Jinpeng No. 1 (JP). Compared with the control temperature (25 °C day/18 °C night), the low temperature decreased total biomass, shoot biomass, and Mg uptake in shoot by 17.3%, 24.1%, and 11.8%, respectively; however, the root/shoot ratio was increased. High K had no significant effect on plant growth or biomass compared with the control K concentration (156 mg·L−1); however, Mg concentrations and uptake in shoot were significantly lower under high-K treatment. Significant difference was observed for K uptake, but not for Mg uptake, between the two cultivars. There was no significant interaction between temperature and high K on Mg uptake of tomato, so a combined stress of low temperature and high K further inhibited Mg uptake and transport. Low temperature and high K increased the risk of Mg deficiency in tomato.

Acidic soil conditions suppress zoospore release from zoosporangia in Olpidium virulentus

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Iwamoto ◽  
Kai Inoue ◽  
Shinji Nishiguchi ◽  
Katsunari Matsuura ◽  
Masataka Aino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Zoospore Release ◽  
Olpidium Virulentus

scholarly journals Neutrotolerant acidophilic Streptomyces species isolated from acidic soils in China: Streptomyces guanduensis sp. nov., Streptomyces paucisporeus sp. nov., Streptomyces rubidus sp. nov. and Streptomyces yanglinensis sp. nov.

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunguang Xu ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Qingfeng Cui ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Zhiheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Streptomyces Species

The taxonomic status of six neutrotolerant acidophilic streptomycetes isolated from acidic soils in Yunnan Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics revealed that the isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces. Almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were determined and aligned with available corresponding sequences of representatives of the family Streptomycetaceae; phylogenetic trees were inferred using four tree-making algorithms. The isolates formed a distinct, albeit heterogeneous, subclade in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree together with the type strain of Streptomyces yeochonensis, but were readily distinguishable from the latter using DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic data. It was evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that the isolates belonged to four novel Streptomyces species, for which the following names are proposed: Streptomyces guanduensis sp. nov. (type strain 701T=CGMCC 4.2022T=JCM 13274T), Streptomyces paucisporeus sp. nov. (type strain 1413T=CGMCC 4.2025T=JCM 13276T), Streptomyces rubidus sp. nov. (type strain 13c15T=CGMCC 4.2026T=JCM 13277T) and Streptomyces yanglinensis sp. nov. (type strain 1307T=CGMCC 4.2023T=JCM 13275T); isolates 317 and 913 belong to this latter species.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE, SEED P CONCENTRATION AND SEED PRIMING ON SEEDLING VIGOR OF RICE

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNY RUTH PAME ◽  
CHRISTINE KREYE ◽  
DAVID JOHNSON ◽  
SIGRID HEUER ◽  
MATHIAS BECKER
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
P Content

SUMMARYSeedling vigor is important to help ensure good crop establishment. In direct-seeded rice, this is particularly relevant when soil conditions are marginal. In Asia, about one third of the area of rainfed rice is situated on unfavorable soils, many of which are low in plant available P. In such environments, as farmers tend to have few resources, options to overcome poor crop establishment should be low cost and preferably seed-based. The P content of seed depends on genotype and can be augmented by soaking seeds in a P-containing solution prior to seeding (P-priming). In addition, the presence of the Pup1 quantitative trait locus can reportedly confer tolerance to low soil P availability. We tested combinations of seed priming (unprimed control, water priming, P-priming), and inherent seed P concentrations in contrasting rice genotypes (DJ123, Sadri Tor Misri), and two near isogenic sister lines of IR74 with (+Pup1) and without (−Pup1) the Pup1 QTL. Treatment effects on germination were studied in Petri dishes, while seedling growth and P accumulation were assessed using pots with P deficient soil. Germination was less than 75% in seeds with low seed P content. Seed priming with both water and P enhanced germination and seedling growth. In plants growing from high P seeds, water priming outperformed P-priming. In Sadri Tor Misri with low seed P, we observed a tendency for better performance in some parameters when P-primed. While the presence of the Pup1 QTL in IR74 increased shoot biomass and total root length, these effects could be further enhanced by water priming. Combining genetic and seed management approaches may contribute to improved rice establishment in P deficient soils but its effectiveness depends on genotype and seed attributes.

Breeding lucerne for Australia's southern dryland cropping environments

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Humphries ◽  
G. C. Auricht
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Dryland Salinity ◽  
Cereal Production

Lucerne is a deep-rooted perennial forage legume with an important role in preventing dryland salinity in southern Australian cropping regions. Annual cereal production has created a water-use imbalance, which is placing the industry under threat through rising saline watertables and resultant dryland salinity. Lucerne is being incorporated into cropping systems to reduce groundwater recharge and improve the sustainability of grain production. Existing lucerne varieties have been developed for the animal industries, primarily for the areas with high rainfall or irrigation. The new challenge is to develop lucernes specifically for southern Australian cropping systems. This paper provides a background literature review of the breeding challenges that are anticipated in the development of these new types of lucerne. Lucerne is intolerant of acidic soils, waterlogging, saline soils, and intensive grazing. Other important attributes covered include the ability of the plant to fix nitrogen with existing rhizobia and be resistant to diseases that affect lucerne and other crops in the rotation. Finally, this paper addresses some of the breeding strategies that will be used to screen lucerne germplasm for tolerances to these soil conditions and diseases.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of okra genotypes in acidic soil at Sylhet Region, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
M. Rahman ◽  
A.F.M.S. Islam ◽  
M. Hasan ◽  
M. Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sylhet Region ◽  
Final Harvest

A field experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University from August 2016 to January 2017 to select the best suited okra genotype(s) considering growth and yield performance among eleven genotypes viz. BARI Dherosh−1 (control) and 10 exotic (Japanese okra) cultivable in acidic soil conditions. All okra genotypes were evaluated in relation to morphological characteristics and yield performance at defined area of study. The treatment combinations were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In almost all parameters, significant variations were observed. Experimental findings revealed that BARI Dherosh−1, JO−2, JO−6 and JO−10 showed excellent performance in germination capacity. The high yielding genotype BARI Dherosh−1 exhibited taller plant at final harvest. Early flowers, individual fruit weight with maximum number of flowers and fruits plant-1 was observed in JO−6. The genotype JO−3 produced the highest number of branches, internodes and leaves at final harvest. The flowering duration was long in the genotype JO−2. The highest fruit setting (%) was observed in JO−1. The longest fruit length and the lowest number of aborted fruits were observed in JO−5 whereas BARI Dherosh−1 showed the largest fruit diameter at 9 DAF and heaviest hundred seed weight. The highest fruit fresh weight observed in JO−4 and the highest fruit dry weight observed in JO−5 at 9 DAF.  Regarding fruit yield, the genotype JO−6, JO−10 and JO−3 performed better. The genotypes JO−6 and JO−10 were found to be promising genotypes in acid soil considering the morphological features and yield attributes. Since the variety of our research is suitable for Sylhet region acid soil, if our variety is combined with Sylhet’s cropping pattern cropping intensity will be increase, which will benefit the farmer financially and meet the nutritional needs.

scholarly journals Development and Genetic Characterization of Peanut Advanced Backcross Lines That Incorporate Root-Knot Nematode Resistance From Arachis stenosperma

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ballén-Taborda ◽  
Ye Chu ◽  
Peggy Ozias-Akins ◽  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
Patricia Timper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Advanced Backcross

Crop wild species are increasingly important for crop improvement. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) wild relatives comprise a diverse genetic pool that is being used to broaden its narrow genetic base. Peanut is an allotetraploid species extremely susceptible to peanut root-knot nematode (PRKN) Meloidogyne arenaria. Current resistant cultivars rely on a single introgression for PRKN resistance incorporated from the wild relative Arachis cardenasii, which could be overcome as a result of the emergence of virulent nematode populations. Therefore, new sources of resistance may be needed. Near-immunity has been found in the peanut wild relative Arachis stenosperma. The two loci controlling the resistance, present on chromosomes A02 and A09, have been validated in tetraploid lines and have been shown to reduce nematode reproduction by up to 98%. To incorporate these new resistance QTL into cultivated peanut, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing approach, using PRKN A. stenosperma-derived resistant lines as donor parents. Four cycles of backcrossing were completed, and SNP assays linked to the QTL were used for foreground selection. In each backcross generation seed weight, length, and width were measured, and based on a statistical analysis we observed that only one generation of backcrossing was required to recover the elite peanut’s seed size. A populating of 271 BC3F1 lines was genome-wide genotyped to characterize the introgressions across the genome. Phenotypic information for leaf spot incidence and domestication traits (seed size, fertility, plant architecture, and flower color) were recorded. Correlations between the wild introgressions in different chromosomes and the phenotypic data allowed us to identify candidate regions controlling these domestication traits. Finally, PRKN resistance was validated in BC3F3 lines. We observed that the QTL in A02 and/or large introgression in A09 are needed for resistance. This present work represents an important step toward the development of new high-yielding and nematode-resistant peanut cultivars.

scholarly journals Adaptability Of Wheat Varieties In Strongly Acidic Soils Of Sylhet

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ataur Rahman ◽  
NCD Barma ◽  
MH Sarker ◽  
MMR Sarker ◽  
MMI Nazrul
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Experimental Soil ◽  
Plot Design

A field trail was carried out at South-Surma, Sylhet, in 2009-10 and at FSRD site Jalalpur, Sylhet in 2010-11 in collaboration with WRC and OFRD, BARI to examine the response of 7 wheat varieties at two levels of lime in split-plot design where lime was applied in main plots and different wheat varieties were grown in sub-plots. The seeds were sown on 05 December 2009 and 30 November 2010 for the growing season of 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. The wheat varieties used in this study were Shatabdi, Sufi, Sourav, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26. The index of relative performance of each variety in comparison to mean yield of all varieties under the contrast conditions of liming and non-liming was estimated to determine relative adaptability of wheat variety under experimental soil conditions. The result indicated that most of the yield components viz., spikes/m2, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of wheat were significantly improved by liming for both the years and locations. There were variations in lime response among the wheat varieties. The index of relative adaptability (IRA %) for yield of BARI Gom-26 and Bijoy was more than 100% for both the years. The results indicated that these two wheat varieties are relatively tolerant to low pH and could be adapted in acidic soil of Sylhet. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 97-104, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15194

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document