scholarly journals Witches, Business & Culture: Anthropologists as Professional Strangers in the Boardroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-367
Author(s):  
Michael Schönhuth
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Organizational Consulting ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
The One

This article collates personal insights from 30 years of research and consultancy in organisational anthropology. It has two target groups in mind: on the one hand, students who, after completing a degree in anthropology with a more classical focus, are wondering what they can do with and how they could ‘sell’ their professional skills outside the academy, in the field of organizational consulting or organizational development. On the other hand, it wants to open the black box of anthropological methods and procedures for decision makers in organizations, enabling them to decide whether and when the use of anthropological expertise in their own company is worthwhile, especially in times of global flows of people, goods and communication. Here, the free-flying witch stands as a metaphor for the anthropological position as a professional stranger at the interface of the corporate world.

scholarly journals Human autonomy, technological automation (and reverse)

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Chiodo
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
The One

AbstractWe continuously talk about autonomous technologies. But how can words qualifying technologies be the very same words chosen by Kant to define what is essentially human, i.e. being autonomous? The article focuses on a possible answer by reflecting upon both etymological and philosophical issues, as well as upon the case of autonomous vehicles. Most interestingly, on the one hand, we have the notion of (human) “autonomy”, meaning that there is a “law” that is “self-given”, and, on the other hand, we have the notion of (technological) “automation”, meaning that there is something “offhand” that is “self-given”. Yet, we are experiencing a kind of twofold shift: on the one hand, the shift from defining technologies in terms of automation to defining technologies in terms of autonomy and, on the other hand, the shift from defining humans in terms of autonomy to defining humans in terms of automation. From a philosophical perspective, the shift may mean that we are trying to escape precisely from what autonomy founds, i.e. individual responsibility of humans that, in the Western culture, have been defined for millennia as rational and moral decision-makers, even when their decisions have been the toughest. More precisely, the shift may mean that we are using technologies, and in particular emerging algorithmic technologies, as scapegoats that bear responsibility for us by making decisions for us. Moreover, if we consider the kind of emerging algorithmic technologies that increasingly surround us, starting from autonomous vehicles, then we may argue that we also seem to create a kind of technological divine that, by being always with us through its immanent omnipresence, omniscience, omnipotence and inscrutability, can always be our technological scapegoat freeing us from the most unbearable burden of individual responsibility resulting from individual autonomy.

nr="93"Black Box rules. : Narrative der Verunsicherung in Zeiten von COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czejkowska ◽  
Katarina Froebus
Keyword(s):  
Black Box ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Home Security ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Innere Sicherheit ◽  
The One

Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich Narrativen der Verunsicherung, die in Zusammenhang mit der COVID-19-Krise aufgerufen werden und für ,,innere Sicherheit“ sorgen sollen. Dabei identifizieren wir Kalküle, die einerseits individuelle Besonnenheit aktivieren und anderseits gesellschaftliche Stabilisierung gewährleisten sollen. Das gelingt uns mit Rückgriff auf psychoanalytische Subjekttheorien, die Strategien der individuellen Rationalisierung fokussieren, und auf diskursorientierte Subjekttheorien, die gesellschaftliche Disziplinierungstechnologien in den Blick nehmen.Abstract: This article is focused on narratives of uncertainness, being created during the COVID-19 crisis in order to provide ‘home security’. In doing so, we identify approaches that on the one hand activate individual level-headedness and on the other hand are supposed to ensure societal stabilization. We succeed in doing this by resorting to psychoanalytic subject theories that emphasize strategies of individual rationalization and to discourse-oriented subject theories that accent social disciplinary technologies.

Structural patterns in Swedish health policy: a 30-year perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Saltman
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Swedish Health Care ◽  
European Health ◽  
Organizational Patterns ◽  
The One

AbstractThis perspective reviews key institutional and organizational patterns in Swedish health care over the last 30 years, probing the roots of several complicated policy questions that concern present-day Swedish decision-makers. It explores in particular the ongoing structural tension between stability, on the one hand, and the necessary levels of innovation and dynamism demanded by the current period of major clinical, technological, economic, social and supranational (EU) change. Where useful, the article compares Swedish developments with those in the other three European Nordic countries as well as other northern European health systems. Sweden’s health sector evolution can provide valuable insight for other countries into the complexity involved in re-thinking tradeoffs between policies that emphasize stability as against those that encourage innovation in health sector governance and provision.

Russian and Chinese Communicative Tradition in the Language of Legal Documents: Lexical Aspect

10.12737/5743 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Никифорова ◽  
Kh. Nikiforova ◽  
Маслов ◽  
A. Maslov ◽  
Просвиркина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
New Words ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
The One

This article focuses on communicative language tradition in the language of legal documents. Authors dwell on the analysis of the «verbal communication » term and its understanding in modern science. As evidence, the analysis of this definition in various Russian and Chinese dictionaries is given. In addition, the article mentions the fact that the modern business communication (both Russian and Chinese), on the one hand, is under the influence of western business culture, and on the other hand, preserves communicative traditions of business letter. The authors note that the Chinese communicative tradition is more stable, which is observed in the lexical legislative «word creation». This phenomenon is due to the special way of «borrowing» of new words in Chinese. In addition, the article draws attention to the particular cultural meaning of lexical units of Chinese business documents.

scholarly journals EU Law and the Discretion of Private National Decision-Makers in Light of the Court's Judgement in Case C-22/18 TopFit and Biffi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Angelica Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Prior Authorisation ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The One ◽  
Movement Rules

This contribution aims to introduce the reader to a judgement from the Court of Justice which seems to broaden the scope of application of EU free movement rules to private regulatory bodies in two ways. One the one hand, this judgment expands our understanding of what type of private regulation can fall within this scope. On the other hand, it shows that EU law requires a private prior authorisation scheme to be infused with the same objectivity safeguards as those that have been required for public ones.

scholarly journals Die proses van partikuliere en openbare besluitneming

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
S. S. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Public Decision ◽  
Public Decision Making

Private and public decision-making The interaction between the private and public sectors is important in South Africa. Much criticism is expressed by the one sector against the other. This can be partly attributed to an incomplete understanding of the processes of decision-making in the two sectors, and of the differences between them. A comparison is drawn between the most important elements of the decision-making processes in the two sectors. Public decision-making deals mostly with matters concerning the community and the economy as a whole, whereas private decision-making is concerned mostly with parts of the whole. The aims at which decision-making in the two sectors are directed, differ accordingly, as do the perceptions of the respective decision-makers of the environment in which they make decisions. As a consequence, the criteria for the success of a decision also differ substantially between the two sectors. The implications of these differences between private and public decision-making for the approach to inflation and the financing of housing, are dealt with as examples. Finally, differences between the ways in which decisions are implemented in the two sectors, also appear to be an important cause of much of the criticism from the private sector about decision-making in the public sector.

Predicting vibrancy of metro station areas considering spatial relationships through graph convolutional neural networks: The case of Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832097786
Author(s):  
Longzhu Xiao ◽  
Siuming Lo ◽  
Jiangping Zhou ◽  
Jixiang Liu ◽  
Linchuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
The One

Vibrancy is one of the most desirable outcomes of transit-oriented development (TOD). The vibrancy of a metro station area (MSA) depends partially on the MSA’s built-environment features. Predicting an MSA’s vibrancy with its built-environment features is of great interest to decision makers as these features are often modifiable by public interventions. However, little has been done on MSAs’ vibrancy in existing studies. On the one hand, seldom has the vibrancy of MSAs been explicitly explored, and measuring the vibrancy is essential. On the other hand, because MSAs are interconnected, one MSA’s vibrancy depends on the MSA’s features and those of relevant MSAs. Hence, selecting a suitable metric that quantifies spatial relationships between MSAs can better predict MSAs’ vibrancy. In this study, we identify four single-dimensional vibrancy proxies and fuse them into an integrated index. Moreover, we design a two-layer graph convolutional neural network model that accounts for both the built-environment features of MSAs and spatial relationships between MSAs. We employ the model in an empirical study in Shenzhen, China, and illustrate (1) how different metrics of spatial relationships influence the prediction of MSAs’ vibrancy; (2) how the predictability varies across single-dimensional and integrated proxies of MSAs’ vibrancy; and (3) how the findings of this study can be used to enlighten decision makers. This study enriches our understandings of spatial relationships between MSAs. Moreover, it can help decision makers with targeted policies for developing MSAs towards TOD.

A secretary problem with two decision makers

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 1068-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Chen ◽  
Burton Rosenberg ◽  
Larry A. Shepp
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Secretary Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winning Probability ◽  
Interview Process ◽  
The One

n applicants of similar qualification are on an interview list and their salary demands are from a known and continuous distribution. Two managers, I and II, will interview them one at a time. Right after each interview, manager I always has the first opportunity to decide to hire the applicant or not unless he has hired one already. If manager I decides not to hire the current applicant, then manager II can decide to hire the applicant or not unless he has hired one already. If both managers fail to hire the current applicant, they interview the next applicant, but both lose the chance of hiring the current applicant. If one of the managers does hire the current one, then they proceed with interviews until the other manager also hires an applicant. The interview process continues until both managers hire an applicant each. However, at the end of the process, each manager must have hired an applicant. In this paper, we first derive the optimal strategies for them so that the probability that the one he hired demands less salary than the one hired by the other does is maximized. Then we derive an algorithm for computing manager II's winning probability when both managers play optimally. Finally, we show that manager II's winning probability is strictly increasing in n, is always less than c, and converges to c as n →∞, where c = 0.3275624139 · ·· is a solution of the equation ln(2) + x ln(x) = x.

Rationality at the Brink: The Role of Cognitive Processes in Failures of Deterrence

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Decision makers in international crises seek to reconcile two values: on the one hand, avoiding the loss of prestige and credibility that capitulation would entail and, on the other, avoiding war. These values conflict with each other, in the sense that any policy designed to further one of them will jeopardize the other. Cognitive theory suggests that in ambiguous circumstances a decision maker will suppress uncomfortable value conflicts, conceptualizing his dilemma in such a way that the values appear to be consonant. President Kennedy's process of decision and rationalization in the Cuban missile crisis fits this pattern. He contended that compromise would allay the risk of war in the short run only at the cost of increasing it in the long run. Thus, he saw his policy of no compromise as furthering both the goal of maintaining U.S. prestige and credibility and the goal of avoiding war.

Spanish Incunabula

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benito Rial Costas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spanish Literature ◽  
New Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
The One

At the end of the 15th century, printed books were known and read throughout Europe, and the modern structure of this new product was defined. However, in many Spanish cities, printing and selling books depended on the work of itinerant printers with scarce economic and technical possibilities and professional skills. The limited industrial, technical, and economic development and the lack of good communications produced a map of Spain with small and dispersed printing offices spread over many different places. Spanish printing quality could not compete with that of other countries. These limitations determined the character of the works that the Spanish printing offices produced. On the one hand, many Spanish printed books were made by and for the local clergy and royal officials, and, in many senses, they followed objectives and productive patterns that were not distant from the purposes of handwritten books. On the other hand, Spanish literature and translations into Spanish and Catalan of important Latin and Italian texts were the other main feature of Spanish 15th-century printing history. The Spanish printing offices could not offer anything to the European book market, and they could not even offer certain books to the Spanish market that booksellers brought from abroad.

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